Occurrence of Vibrio spp. in Selected Recreational Water Bodies in Belgium during 2021 Bathing Season
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Design of the Study
2.2. Sampling
2.3. Culture and Identification Methods
2.4. Molecular Detection of Toxin Genes in V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus
2.5. Salinity
2.6. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Vibrio Detection and Quantification
3.2. pH and Temperature Monitoring
3.3. Salinity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Region and Type of Body Waters | Site | Month of Collection | Number of Positive Samples Out of 5 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May | June | July | August | September | |||
Wallonia lakes | Butgenbach | VND | VND | VND | VND | VND | 0 |
Robertville | VND | VND | VND | VND | VND | 0 | |
Warfaaz | VND | VND | VND | VND | VND | 0 | |
Flanders lakes | Donk | VND | VND | VND | VND | VND | 0 |
Blaarmeersen | VND | VND | V. cholerae | VND | VND | 1 | |
Donkvijver | V. cholerae | VND | VND | V. cholerae | VND | 2 | |
Boerekreek | V. cholerae | V. cholerae | V. cholerae | V. cholerae | V. cholerae | 5 | |
Flanders North Sea (salted water) | Knokke Heist | VND | V. cholerae V. alginolyticus | V. cholerae V. alginolyticus V. parahaemolyticus | V. cholerae V. alginolyticus V. parahaemolyticus | V. cholerae V. alginolyticus | 4 4 2 |
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Sacheli, R.; Philippe, C.; Meex, C.; Mzougui, S.; Melin, P.; Hayette, M.-P. Occurrence of Vibrio spp. in Selected Recreational Water Bodies in Belgium during 2021 Bathing Season. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6932. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206932
Sacheli R, Philippe C, Meex C, Mzougui S, Melin P, Hayette M-P. Occurrence of Vibrio spp. in Selected Recreational Water Bodies in Belgium during 2021 Bathing Season. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(20):6932. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206932
Chicago/Turabian StyleSacheli, Rosalie, Camille Philippe, Cécile Meex, Samy Mzougui, Pierrette Melin, and Marie-Pierre Hayette. 2023. "Occurrence of Vibrio spp. in Selected Recreational Water Bodies in Belgium during 2021 Bathing Season" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 20: 6932. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206932