Contribution of Accessibility to Urban Resilience and Evacuation Planning Using Spatial Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Resilience Theory and Space Syntax
2.2. Geometric Representation and Literature Review
2.3. Urban Disaster Evacuation Planning and Literature Review
2.4. The Introduction of Space Syntax and the Benefits of Evacuation Planning
- To reduce survey and labor work and establish a way to evaluate the efficiency of networks.
- To control and enforce important roads using an integration ranking to ensure the width of roads in the event of a disaster.
- To determine the best path for rescue, with the smallest distance and time to arrive at shelters.
2.5. The Influence of Axial and Accessibility Factors on Evacuation
2.6. The Evaluation Indicators of Space Syntax
2.6.1. “Integration” Indicator of Axial Analysis
2.6.2. “Choice” Indicator of Axial Analysis
2.6.3. “Mean Depth” Indicator of Axial Analysis
2.6.4. Software Operation Example for Space Syntax Analysis
2.7. The Comparison and Evaluation of the Physical Environment—Hazard Risk Related to Building Age and Population Zoning
3. Results
3.1. Evaluation of the Prevention Map: A Case Study with Whole-District Axial Analysis
3.2. Combination with Accessibility Mapping and Physical Environment
4. Discussion
4.1. Spatial Features in Accessibility Mapping
4.2. Surveying Evacuation Map’s Efficiency Patterns, Configured by Axial and Visibility Factors
- Straighten the shape of routes
- 2.
- Decrease the number of turns
- 3.
- Zone by communities, not administrative villages
5. Conclusions
5.1. Reforming Evacuation Plans with the Values of Axial Efficiency and Accessibility
5.2. Further Research
- Conduct a social or economic materiality query and survey.
- For buildings on the evacuation route, conduct on-the-spot interviews or segmental records; after all, different structural forms or heights have different degrees of danger.
- Distribute disaster rescue support. After all, after a disaster occurs, the start of rescue is a very important phase. It is also necessary to add scenario simulations to analyze the differences in rescue or evacuation modes in response to different types of disasters.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Index-1 | Index-2 | Index-3 | Index-4 | No. | Index-1 | Index-2 | Index-3 | Index-4 | No. | Index-1 | Index-2 | Index-3 | Index-4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 725 | 570 | 6 | 5 | 14 | 390 | 335 | 4 | 3 | 27 | 1750 | 1720 | 10 | 9 |
2 | 500 | 375 | 7 | 6 | 15 | 430 | 335 | 3 | 3 | 28 | 390 | 300 | 3 | 3 |
3 | 590 | 390 | 4 | 4 | 16 | 750 | 355 | 5 | 4 | 29 | 2650 | 2500 | 21 | 20 |
4 | 735 | 510 | 4 | 3 | 17 | 2620 | 2310 | 47 | 44 | 30 | 1150 | 825 | 4 | 4 |
5 | 530 | 425 | 7 | 5 | 18 | 2750 | 2620 | 22 | 22 | 31 | 1950 | 1900 | 4 | 4 |
6 | 700 | 370 | 8 | 7 | 19 | 1070 | 1020 | 5 | 5 | 32 | 790 | 570 | 5 | 5 |
7 | 590 | 395 | 4 | 4 | 20 | 1030 | 920 | 6 | 6 | 33 | 675 | 550 | 6 | 5 |
8 | 720 | 590 | 5 | 4 | 21 | 775 | 720 | 8 | 7 | 34 | 750 | 575 | 6 | 6 |
9 | 990 | 790 | 4 | 4 | 22 | 395 | 290 | 5 | 5 | 35 | 825 | 700 | 5 | 4 |
10 | 730 | 495 | 6 | 5 | 23 | 1200 | 1120 | 6 | 6 | 36 | 910 | 795 | 7 | 6 |
11 | 550 | 290 | 5 | 4 | 24 | 530 | 350 | 4 | 3 | 37 | 595 | 500 | 5 | 5 |
12 | 970 | 500 | 11 | 9 | 25 | 500 | 350 | 5 | 5 | 38 | 1100 | 1050 | 6 | 5 |
13 | 1120 | 950 | 14 | 14 | 26 | 525 | 520 | 4 | 4 | 39 | 570 | 535 | 13 | 12 |
Quadrant | Numbers | Ave. of Index-1 | Ave. of Index-2 | Subtract | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | 12 | 695.58 m | 475 m | 219.58 m | 31.61% |
II | 12 | 1088.33 m | 940.83 m | 147.5 m | 13.55% |
III | 8 | 1213.8 m | 1985.6 m | 127.5 m | 10.51% |
IV | 7 | 775 m | 672.14 m | 102.86 m | 13.27% |
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Tsai, M.-T.; Chang, H.-W. Contribution of Accessibility to Urban Resilience and Evacuation Planning Using Spatial Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2913. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042913
Tsai M-T, Chang H-W. Contribution of Accessibility to Urban Resilience and Evacuation Planning Using Spatial Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(4):2913. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042913
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsai, Meng-Ting, and Hung-Wen Chang. 2023. "Contribution of Accessibility to Urban Resilience and Evacuation Planning Using Spatial Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4: 2913. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042913