Recent Advances in Thallium Removal from Water Environment by Metal Oxide Material
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Environmental Behavior of Thallium in Aqueous Systems
3. The Synthesis and Environmental Applications of Metal Oxides
3.1. Synthesis Methods of Metal Oxides
3.1.1. Physical Synthesis
3.1.2. Chemical Synthesis
3.2. Removal of Thallium from Water/Wastewater by Metal Oxides
3.2.1. Thallium Removal by Manganese Oxides
3.2.2. Thallium Removal by Iron Oxides
Metal Oxides | Dosage | Thallium Concentration in the Tested Water | Performance | Advantages | Disadvantages | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Magnetic Prussian blue | 0.6 g/L | 1000 μg/L | 528 mg/L | High removal efficiency | Poor reproducibility | [53] |
Fe@Fe2O3 Core–Shell | 0.75 g/L | 10 mg/L | 95.60% | Less influenced by environmental conditions | Poor reproducibility | [57] |
3-ZVIMn | 0.1 g/L | 200 mg/L | 990 mg/g | High removal efficiency | Highly influenced by environmental conditions | [59] |
Fe-Mn binary oxides | 0.5 g/L | 10 mg/L | 197.6 mg/g | Less influenced by environmental conditions | Poor reproducibility | [60] |
Titanium iron magnetic | 0.1 g/L | 12.5 mg/L | 111.3 mg/g | Less influenced by environmental conditions | Poor reproducibility | [58] |
Fe-Mn binary oxides activated aluminosilicate mineral | 1.0 g/L | 10 mg/L | 78.06 mg/g | Less influenced by environmental conditions | Poor removal ability | [61] |
Fe3O4@TiO2 decorated RGO nanosheets | 0.2 g/L | _ | 673.2 mg/g | High removal efficiency | Highly influenced by environmental conditions | [62] |
3.2.3. Thallium Removal by Aluminum Oxides
3.2.4. Thallium Removal by Titanium Oxides
3.3. Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Thallium Removal by Metal Oxides
3.3.1. Effect of pH
3.3.2. Effect of Co-Existing Ions
3.3.3. Effect of Organic Matters
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Metal Oxides | Dosage | Thallium Concentration in the Tested Water | Performance | Advantages | Disadvantages | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nMnO2 | 0.05 mmol·L−1 | 3.5 mg/L | 672 mg/g | High removal efficiency | Poor reproducibility | [3] |
HMO | 50 mg | 0.5 mmol·L−1 | 348.84 mg/g | With reusable properties | Highly influenced by environmental conditions | [42] |
VER-MnO2 | — | 20 μg/L | 144.29 mg/g | Less influenced by environmental conditions | Poor removal ability | [43] |
Zero-valent manganese nanoparticles | 2 g/L | 10 mg/L | 95.7% | Less influenced by environmental conditions | Poor reproducibility | [34] |
Flower-like manganese dioxide coated magnetic pyrite cinder | 0.5 g/L | 10 mg/L | 320 mg/g | With reusable properties | Highly influenced by environmental conditions | [35] |
FeOOH-loaded MnO2 nano-composite | 10 mg | 0~150 mg/L | 450 mg/g | With reusable properties | Highly influenced by environmental conditions | [44] |
δ-MnO2 | 500 μmol·L−1 | 25 mg/L | 581 mg/g | High removal efficiency | Highly influenced by environmental conditions | [41] |
MnO2@slag | 1 g/L | 10 mg/L | 99.5% | High removal efficiency | Poor reproducibility | [35] |
Metal Oxides | Dosage | Thallium Concentration in the Tested Water | Performance | Advantages | Disadvantages | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nano-Al2O3 | 0.03 g | 10 mg/L | 6.28 mg/g | Less influenced by environmental conditions | Poor reproducibility | [66] |
PAAm-B | 0.1 g | 0.005 mol·L−1 | 197.88 mg/g-Tl(I), 32.64 mg/g-Tl(III) | High removal efficiency | Highly influenced by environmental conditions | [67] |
PAAm-Z | 0.1 g | 0.005 mol·L−1 | 337.4 mg/g-Tl(I), 73.44 mg/g-Tl(III) | High removal efficiency | Highly influenced by environmental conditions | [67] |
Ferrate pre-oxidation and poly aluminum chloride coagulation | 0.5–4 mg | 0.76 μg/L | 87% | Less influenced by environmental conditions | Poor reproducibility | [70] |
Metal Oxides | Dosage | Thallium Concentration in the Tested Water | Performance | Advantages | Disadvantages | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Titanium iron magnetic | 0.1 g/L | 12.5 mg/L | 111.3 mg/g | Less influenced by environmental conditions | Poor reproducibility | [58] |
Fe3O4@TiO2 decorated RGO nanosheets | 0.2 g/L | _ | 673.2 mg/g | High removal efficiency | Highly influenced by environmental conditions | [62] |
TNTs | 0.2 g/L | 100 mg/L | 709.2 mg/g | High removal efficiency | Highly influenced by environmental conditions | [36] |
Titanium peroxide | 0.2 g/L | 0.046–20 mg/L | 412 mg/g | Less influenced by environmental conditions | Poor reproducibility | [74] |
Metal Oxides | Effect of pH Value | Effect of Co-Existing Ions | Effect of Organic Matters | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
nMnO2 | pH < 7, little influence | Ca2+, Mg2+ | HA of 3 mg/L | [3] |
HMO | little influence | Ca2+, Mg2+ | NA | [42] |
VER-MnO2 | little influence | Ca2+ | NA | [43] |
Zero-valent manganese nanoparticles | little influence | NA | NA | [34] |
Flower-like manganese dioxide coated magnetic pyrite cinder | pH < 12, little influence | Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ | EDTA | [35] |
FeOOH-loaded MnO2 nano-composite | little influence | Ca2+ | HA | [44] |
δ-MnO2 | little influence | Ca2+, Na+ | NA | [41] |
MnO2@slag | little influence | Ca2+ | HA, FA | [35] |
Nano-Al2O3 | little influence | NA | HA, FA, EDTA and DTPA | [66] |
PAAm-B | little influence | NA | NA | [67] |
PAAm-Z | little influence | Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Mn(II) | NA | [67] |
Ferrate pre-oxidation and poly aluminum chloride coagulation | little influence | Fe2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ | NA | [70] |
Magnetic Prussian blue | little influence | NA | NA | [53] |
Fe@Fe2O3 Core–Shell | NA | Mg2+, PO43, Ca2+, Na+, Cl− | NA | [57] |
3-ZVIMn | little influence | Fe2+, Fe3+ | NA | [59] |
Fe-Mn binary oxides | little influence | Cu2+, Zn2+ | NA | [60] |
Titanium iron magnetic | little influence | Na+, NO3− | NA | [58] |
Fe-Mn-binary-oxides-activated aluminosilicate mineral | little influence | Mg2+, Ca2+ | HA | [61] |
Fe3O4@TiO2-decorated RGO nanosheets | little influence | no influence | EDTA and DTPA | [62] |
TNT | little influence | Na+, K+, Ca2+ | NA | [36] |
Titanium peroxide | little influence | NA | NA | [74] |
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Ren, X.; Feng, H.; Zhao, M.; Zhou, X.; Zhu, X.; Ouyang, X.; Tang, J.; Li, C.; Wang, J.; Tang, W.; et al. Recent Advances in Thallium Removal from Water Environment by Metal Oxide Material. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 3829. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053829
Ren X, Feng H, Zhao M, Zhou X, Zhu X, Ouyang X, Tang J, Li C, Wang J, Tang W, et al. Recent Advances in Thallium Removal from Water Environment by Metal Oxide Material. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(5):3829. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053829
Chicago/Turabian StyleRen, Xiaoyi, Haopeng Feng, Mengyang Zhao, Xin Zhou, Xu Zhu, Xilian Ouyang, Jing Tang, Changwu Li, Jiajia Wang, Wangwang Tang, and et al. 2023. "Recent Advances in Thallium Removal from Water Environment by Metal Oxide Material" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5: 3829. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053829