Models of Governance of Disability Therapy Support Workers in Rural and Remote Settings: A Systematic Scoping Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Review Questions
- What governance models for disability support/therapy workers in rural and remote settings exist and what are the key components of these models?
- What contexts and mechanisms are required to successfully apply governance models for disability therapy support workers (DTSW) in rural and remote settings?
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Inclusion Criteria
3.1.1. Participants
- A direct patient care role and may have application to broader public health outcomes;
- A national professional organization with a code of ethics/conduct and clearly defined membership requirements;
- University health sciences courses (not medical, dental, or nursing) at Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) Level 7 or higher, accredited by their relevant national accreditation body;
- Clearly articulated national entry level competency standards and assessment procedures;
- A defined core scope of practice;
- Robust and enforceable regulatory mechanisms;
- Are autonomous practitioners;
- Practice in an evidence-based paradigm, using an internationally recognized body of knowledge to protect, restore, and maintain optimal physical, sensory, psychological, cognitive, social, and cultural function;
- May utilize or supervise assistants, technicians, and support workers.
3.1.2. Concept
3.1.3. Context
3.1.4. People with Disability
3.2. Types of Sources
3.3. Method
3.3.1. Search Strategy
3.3.2. Information Sources
3.3.3. Study Selection
3.3.4. Data Extraction
3.3.5. Data Presentation
4. Results
4.1. What Are the Key Components of Governance Models/Interventions for Disability Therapy Support Workers in Rural and Remote Settings?
4.1.1. Capabilities
4.1.2. Competence
4.1.3. Supervision, Support, Assessment of Competency, Credentialling and Care Plans
4.2. What Contexts and Mechanisms Are Required to Successfully Apply Governance Models for Disability Support Workers in Rural and Remote Settings?
Contexts
4.3. Mechanisms
4.3.1. Capability Mechanisms
4.3.2. Successful Capability Is Facilitated by the following Mechanisms
4.3.3. Successful Governance Is Facilitated by Competency Mechanisms
4.3.4. Successful Supervision Is Facilitated by the following Mechanisms
4.3.5. Successful Formal Assessment of Competence and Credentialling Are Facilitated by the following Mechanisms
4.4. Success and Impact
4.5. Strength and Quality of the Evidence
5. Discussion
- Decision making skills;
- Building relationships with clients;
- Advocating for clients;
- Communication and interaction skills;
- Risk assessment and risk management skills;
- Building relationships with multiple stakeholders;
- Adapting to client needs/client-centred care;
- Counselling;
- Critical thinking/clinical judgement/clinical reasoning;
- Providing clients with emotional support;
- Negotiating role boundaries;
- Empowering clients;
- Providing personal and compassionate support.
- Consistent and sufficient staffing;
- Clear job and role descriptions for all staff;
- Whole of community approach/multisector coordination to delivery of care;
- Training and professional development is routinely provided, resourced and supported;
- Support worker knowledge and skills are valued;
- Staff are provided time, resources, and opportunity to look after their wellbeing;
- Sufficient time is made available to staff to develop relationships/negotiate role boundaries;
- Clear lines of communication and accountability;
- Culture of organization is relaxed/playful and supportive;
- Simplified funding models;
- Encouraging and supportive leadership style;
- Safety precautions incorporated into training protocols;
- Enablement culture;
- AHPs involved in developing training packages;
- Project resourcing;
- Clear accountability and liability around training assessment;
- Acknowledging complexity of the supervision/workplace context (rural).
Limitations
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Concept 1: Therapy Support Workers Who Deliver Allied Health Support |
Concept 2:
Governance |
Concept 3:
Disability |
Concept 4:
Rural and Remote |
---|---|---|---|
Therapy support workers who deliver allied health support | Governance | Disability | Rural and Remote |
Assistant practitioner *.mp or | Governance | Disability * therapy.mp or | Rural health/or |
Community health workers/or | Quality | Disabled persons/or | Rural health services.mp or |
Auxiliary personnel *.mp or | Safe (ty) | Disabled people.mp or | Rural population.mp or |
MM Allied health personnel or | Effective | Disabled persons/or | MM Rural Health Personnel or |
Allied health workers.mp or | Risk | Disability * service *.mp or | MM Rural Health Centers OR |
Allied health assistant *.mp or | Accountable/accountability | MM “Health Services for Persons with Disabilities” | MM “Services for Australian Rural and Remote Allied Health or |
Allied health helper *.mp or | Person-centred | Rural | |
Allied health aide *.mp or | Complaint | ||
Personal care workers.mp or | Incident | ||
Personal care assistant *.mp or | Misconduct | ||
Patient care workers.mp or | Neglect | ||
Personal care helper *.mp or | Violence | ||
Personal care aide *.mp or | Abuse | ||
Patient care helper *.mp or | Supervision | ||
Patient care aide * or | Delegation | ||
Patient care assistant *.mp or | Allocating tasks | ||
Support worker *.mp or | Training | ||
Support helper *.mp or | Competent/competency | ||
Support aide *.mp | Transferring tasks | ||
Health worker *.tw or | Qualification | ||
Health assistant *.tw or | Responsibility/responsibilities | ||
Health worker *.mp or | Knowledge | ||
Health assistant *.mp or | Skills | ||
Community rehabilitation helper *.mp or | Development | ||
Community rehabilitation worker *.mp or | Professional | ||
Community rehabilitation assistant *.mp or | Development | ||
Community rehabilitation aide *.mp or | Skill level | ||
Community health helper *.mp or | Credential | ||
Community health worker *.mp | Communication | ||
Community health assistant *.mp or | Education | ||
Community health aide *.mp or | Instruction | ||
Therapy support worker *.mp or | Assess | ||
Disability * support worker *.mp or | |||
Workforce/or | |||
Health Workforce.mp | |||
MM “Physical Therapist Assistants” or |
Process | Detail |
---|---|
Sampling strategy | Selective: samples databases from medicine, nursing, allied health, and social science fields within specified limits. |
Type of study | All, quantitative research (randomized controlled trial, controlled clinical trial, controlled before and after study, uncontrolled before and after study), qualitative research (grounded theory, ethnography, action research, exploratory approaches, phenomenology, and systematic reviews). Published reports, evaluations, guidelines, and frameworks. |
Approaches | Subject searching, citation searching, contact with authors. |
Range of years | January 2000–May 2020. |
Inclusion and exclusions ¶ | Inclusion: empirical study or published report, evaluation, framework, or guideline describing governance models pertaining to allied health assistants, therapy assistants, and disability therapy support workers who deliver care and interventions under the guidance of allied health professionals and specifically in disability contexts (Tier 2) and in regional, remote, and/or rural areas (Tier 3). |
Terms used | See concept map (Table 1) |
Electronic sources | CINAHL; EMBASE; InfoRMIT:Health Collection; MEDLINE and Web of Science. |
Process | Decision | ||
---|---|---|---|
1. Does the paper examine the assistant/support workforce (Concept 1)? | Yes—Go to 2 | No—Exclude | Cannot tell—Get full paper |
2. Does the paper relate to the allied health professions (outside of acute health or rehabilitation settings) (Concept 1)? | Yes—Go to 3 | No—Exclude | Cannot tell—get full paper |
3. Does the paper examine a governance model, framework, policy, intervention, or evaluation (Concept 2)? | Yes—Go to 4 | No—Exclude or consider for background | Cannot tell—Get full paper |
4. Does the study provide detail of the governance model or intervention (Concept 2)? | Yes –Include as Tier 1 evidence and go to 5 | No—Exclude or consider for background | Cannot tell—Get full paper |
5. Does the paper relate to the disability sector (Concept 3)? | Yes—Include as Tier 2 evidence and go to 6 | No—Include paper for Tier 1 evidence | Cannot tell—Get full paper |
6. Does the study examine regional, rural and/or remote areas (Concept 4)? | Yes—Include as Tier 3 evidence | No—Include paper for Tier 1 or 2 evidence and check references | Cannot tell—Get full paper |
Reference | Governance Component | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capability (Soft Skills) | Capability (Intrinsic Attributes) | Competency | Supervision | Credentialling | Assessment of Competence | Professional Development | Support Structures | Care Plans | |
[27] | X | ||||||||
[28] | X | X | |||||||
[29] | X | X | |||||||
[30] | |||||||||
[31] | X | ||||||||
[32] | X | X | |||||||
[33] | X | ||||||||
[34] | X | ||||||||
[35] | X | ||||||||
[36] | X | X | |||||||
[37] | X | ||||||||
[38] | X | X | X | X | X | ||||
[39] | X | X | |||||||
[40] | |||||||||
[41] | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
[42] | X | ||||||||
[43] | X | ||||||||
[44] | X | X | |||||||
[45] | X | ||||||||
[46] | X | ||||||||
[47] | X | X | X | ||||||
[48] | X | ||||||||
[49] | X | ||||||||
[50] | X | X | |||||||
[51] | X | X |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Moran, A.; Bulkeley, K.; Johnsson, G.; Tam, E.; Maloney, C. Models of Governance of Disability Therapy Support Workers in Rural and Remote Settings: A Systematic Scoping Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 693. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060693
Moran A, Bulkeley K, Johnsson G, Tam E, Maloney C. Models of Governance of Disability Therapy Support Workers in Rural and Remote Settings: A Systematic Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(6):693. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060693
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoran, Anna, Kim Bulkeley, Genevieve Johnsson, Elaine Tam, and Catherine Maloney. 2024. "Models of Governance of Disability Therapy Support Workers in Rural and Remote Settings: A Systematic Scoping Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 6: 693. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060693