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Volume 21
Issue 6
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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, Volume 21, Issue 6 (June 2024) – 162 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): (Cover image: A volunteer with The Family Van, a mobile health clinic in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, measures a client’s blood pressure) The growing number of persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) is a significant concern in the United States. Homelessness and health are deeply intertwined, and mobile programs such as street medicine and mobile clinics can improve healthcare access for this marginalized population. Limited research exists on the role that mobile programs play in providing care for PEH, how they compare to fixed sites, and their impact on the overall healthcare system. In this scoping review, we summarize the current state of research on the role that mobile clinics and street medicine play in healthcare for PEH. View this paper
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10 pages, 890 KiB  
Article
The Burden of Cardiovascular Disease and Geriatric Syndromes in Older Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis
by Tan Van Nguyen, Thu Thi Xuan Pham and Tu Ngoc Nguyen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 812; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060812 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 749
Abstract
Background. There is limited evidence on the complexity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and geriatric syndromes in older patients with end-stage renal disease. Our aims were to (1) examine the prevalence of CVD in older patients on chronic hemodialysis, (2) compare the burden of [...] Read more.
Background. There is limited evidence on the complexity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and geriatric syndromes in older patients with end-stage renal disease. Our aims were to (1) examine the prevalence of CVD in older patients on chronic hemodialysis, (2) compare the burden of geriatric syndromes in patients with and without CVD, and (3) examine the impact of CVD on hospitalization. Methods. This prospective, observational, multi-center study was conducted at two dialysis units of two major hospitals in Vietnam. Consecutive older adults receiving chronic hemodialysis were recruited from November 2020 to June 2021. CVD was defined as having one of these conditions: heart failure, ischemic heart disease, or stroke. Participants were assessed for geriatric conditions including frailty, malnutrition, impairment in instrumental activities/activities of daily living, depression, falls, and polypharmacy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the impact of CVD on 6-month hospitalization, adjusting for age, sex, duration of dialysis, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and geriatric conditions. Results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. There were 175 participants (mean age 72.4 ± 8.5 and 58.9% female). CVD was present in 80% of the participants (ischemic heart disease: 49.7%, heart failure: 60.0%, and stroke: 25.7%). Participants with CVD had a higher burden of geriatric syndromes compared to those without CVD. During the 6-month follow-up, 48.6% of the participants were hospitalized (56.4% of those with CVD vs. 17.1% of those without CVD), p < 0.001). CVD independently increased the risk of hospitalization (adjusted OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.12–9.80). Conclusions. In this study, there was a very high prevalence of CVD in older patients undergoing chronic dialysis. Participants with CVD had a higher burden of geriatric syndromes and their risk of 6-month hospitalization increased by three times. There is a need for a multidisciplinary and patient-centered approach to treatment planning for these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Infectious Diseases, Chronic Diseases, and Disease Prevention)
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16 pages, 629 KiB  
Article
Using Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) to Identify the Healthcare Needs among Women of Reproductive Age Who Migrated from Venezuela to Brazil, 2018–2021
by Celia Landmann Szwarcwald, Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior, Thaiza Dutra Gomes de Carvalho, Rita Suely Bacuri de Queiroz, Euclides Ayres de Castilho and Maria do Carmo Leal
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 811; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060811 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 699
Abstract
In 2021, an RDS survey was conducted among Venezuelan migrant women of reproductive age who migrated to two Brazilian cities (Manaus and Boa Vista) from 2018 to 2021. To start the RDS recruitment, we chose seeds non-randomly in both cities. The study variables [...] Read more.
In 2021, an RDS survey was conducted among Venezuelan migrant women of reproductive age who migrated to two Brazilian cities (Manaus and Boa Vista) from 2018 to 2021. To start the RDS recruitment, we chose seeds non-randomly in both cities. The study variables were age, educational level, self-rated health, pregnancy, migratory status and use of health services. We estimated the prevalence, confidence intervals and homophily effects by variable category. We used a multivariate logistic regression model to identify the main factors associated with healthcare use. A total of 761 women were recruited in Manaus and 1268 in Boa Vista. Manaus showed more irregular migrants than Boa Vista. The main reasons for using health services were as follows: illness, disease prevention and prenatal care. The logistic regression model showed the use of health services was associated with educational level and healthcare needs but not with migratory status. The social inclusion of Venezuelan migrants is extremely relevant, although many challenges must be overcome. The strategy of the Brazilian Federal Government for providing humanitarian assistance to Venezuelan migrants should be expanded to include and facilitate their integration into labor markets, access to healthcare and education, benefiting both migrants and the Brazilian people by reducing social inequality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Global Health)
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17 pages, 3368 KiB  
Article
Sensitivity of Mouse Lung Nuclear Receptors to Electronic Cigarette Aerosols and Influence of Sex Differences: A Pilot Study
by Shikha Sharma, Dustin Rousselle, Erik Parker, Carolyn Damilola Ekpruke, Rachel Alford, Maksat Babayev, Sarah Commodore and Patricia Silveyra
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 810; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060810 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 661
Abstract
The emerging concern about chemicals in electronic cigarettes, even those without nicotine, demands the development of advanced criteria for their exposure and risk assessment. This study aims to highlight the sensitivity of lung nuclear receptors (NRs) to electronic cigarette e-liquids, independent of nicotine [...] Read more.
The emerging concern about chemicals in electronic cigarettes, even those without nicotine, demands the development of advanced criteria for their exposure and risk assessment. This study aims to highlight the sensitivity of lung nuclear receptors (NRs) to electronic cigarette e-liquids, independent of nicotine presence, and the influence of the sex variable on these effects. Adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to electronic cigarettes with 0%, 3%, and 6% nicotine daily (70 mL, 3.3 s, 1 puff per min/30 min) for 14 days, using the inExpose full body chamber (SCIREQ). Following exposure, lung tissues were harvested, and RNA extracted. The expression of 84 NRs was determined using the RT2 profiler mRNA array (Qiagen). Results exhibit a high sensitivity to e-liquid exposure irrespective of the presence of nicotine, with differential expression of NRs, including one (females) and twenty-four (males) in 0% nicotine groups compared to non-exposed control mice. However, nicotine-dependent results were also significant with seven NRs (females), fifty-three NRs (males) in 3% and twenty-three NRs (female) twenty-nine NRs (male) in 6% nicotine groups, compared to 0% nicotine mice. Sex-specific changes were significant, but sex-related differences were not observed. The study provides a strong rationale for further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): What Can Be Learned from Human and Experimental Studies?)
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11 pages, 456 KiB  
Article
A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Quitline Vaping Cessation Intervention: Baseline Characteristics of Young Adult Exclusive E-Cigarette Users Seeking Treatment
by Elizabeth G. Klein, Abigail B. Shoben, Kelly M. Carpenter, Kristina Mullis, Julianna M. Nemeth, Elizabeth Mayers and Katrina A. Vickerman
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 809; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060809 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 764
Abstract
Despite interest in quitting vaping among young adults (YAs), little is known about characteristics of e-cigarette (EC) users seeking treatment. In this study, YAs aged 18–24 living in the United States interested in vaping cessation treatment were recruited to complete an online survey [...] Read more.
Despite interest in quitting vaping among young adults (YAs), little is known about characteristics of e-cigarette (EC) users seeking treatment. In this study, YAs aged 18–24 living in the United States interested in vaping cessation treatment were recruited to complete an online survey regarding demographics and EC use. Primary eligibility criteria were EC use on at least 20 days per month (no other tobacco use), and interest in quitting in the next month. We report descriptive statistics for those who did and did not complete a mandatory coaching call (n = 981). In this sample, most EC users reported high nicotine dependence, a history of unsuccessful quit attempts (including 29.4% with previous NRT use), along with stress, anxiety, and depression. There were few meaningful differences in demographics, EC use behaviors, or behavioral health factors between those who engaged with a phone coaching call (fully enrolled in study; n = 508), and those who did not (n = 473). YAs demonstrated interest in vaping cessation support, but there were no clear characteristics for the half who did not complete a coaching call. Vaping cessation program designers should consider tailoring for the self-reported behavioral health concerns present in this population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tobacco Use in Adolescents and Youth)
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21 pages, 1320 KiB  
Review
Are Infants and Children at Risk of Adverse Health Effects from Dietary Deoxynivalenol Exposure? An Integrative Review
by Susan Gonya, Pamela Kallmerten and Pamela Dinapoli
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060808 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 820
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a foodborne mycotoxin produced by Fusarium molds that commonly infect cereal grains. It is a potent protein synthesis inhibitor that can significantly impact humans’ gastrointestinal, immune, and nervous systems and can alter the microbiome landscape. Low-dose, chronic exposure to DON [...] Read more.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a foodborne mycotoxin produced by Fusarium molds that commonly infect cereal grains. It is a potent protein synthesis inhibitor that can significantly impact humans’ gastrointestinal, immune, and nervous systems and can alter the microbiome landscape. Low-dose, chronic exposure to DON has been found to stimulate the immune system, inhibit protein synthesis, and cause appetite suppression, potentially leading to growth failure in children. At higher doses, DON has been shown to cause immune suppression, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, the malabsorption of nutrients, intestinal hemorrhaging, dizziness, and fever. A provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) limit of 1 µg/kg/body weight has been established to protect humans, underscoring the potential health risks associated with DON intake. While the adverse effects of dietary DON exposure have been established, healthcare communities have not adequately investigated or addressed this threat to child health, possibly due to the assumption that current regulatory exposure limits protect the public appropriately. This integrative review investigated whether current dietary DON exposure rates in infants and children regularly exceed PMTDI limits, placing them at risk of negative health effects. On a global scale, the routine contamination of cereal grains, bakery products, pasta, and human milk with DON could lead to intake levels above PMTDI limits. Furthermore, evidence suggests that other food commodities, such as soy, coffee, tea, dried spices, nuts, certain seed oils, animal milk, and various water reservoirs, can be intermittently contaminated, further amplifying the scope of the issue. Better mitigation strategies and global measures are needed to safeguard vulnerable youth from this harmful toxicant. Full article
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16 pages, 510 KiB  
Article
Two-Year Results of a Five-Year Personalized Integrative Obesity Coaching Program (IBO) Based upon a Systems Health Perspective and an Evolutionary Longitudinal Study Approach
by Sander M. Brink, Heleen M. Wortelboer, Ard F. ten Hoff, Cornelis H. Emmelot, Tommy L. S. Visscher and Herman A. van Wietmarschen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 807; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060807 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 900
Abstract
This study presents the outcomes of a 5-year personalized integrative coaching program for adults with obesity (body mass index BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), based upon a systems health perspective, during the first 2 years. This longitudinal study, which had an evolutionary [...] Read more.
This study presents the outcomes of a 5-year personalized integrative coaching program for adults with obesity (body mass index BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), based upon a systems health perspective, during the first 2 years. This longitudinal study, which had an evolutionary design, included all adults who enrolled in the program. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured with the Short Form-36 (SF-36), and physical outcomes included weight, waist circumference, aerobic capacity, lipid profile, and HbA1c. Subsequently, participants completed questionnaires (e.g., the Symptom Checlist-90 (SCL-90) and the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS)). Seventy-nine adults with a mean BMI of 39.5 kg/m2 (SD 5.3) were included. Forty-four participants completed 2 years in the program. Compared to baseline, there were significant improvements in the SF-36 subscales ‘physical functioning’ (MD 9.9 points, 95% CI: 2.1–17.5, p = 0.013) and ‘general health perceptions’ (MD 9.3 points, 95% CI 2.9–15.7, p = 0.006). Furthermore, significant improvements in physical outcomes and psychosocial questionnaires (e.g., weight loss (MD 3.5 kg, 95% CI: 1.2–5.7, p = 0.003), waist circumference (MD 5.1 cm, 95% CI: 2.4–7.8, p < 0.001), and CIS fatigue (MD 6.8, 95% CI: 3.1–10.5, p = 0.001) were observed. This study highlights the importance of a systems health perspective supporting the development of a personalized integrative coaching program for adults with obesity in a ‘real-world’ setting. Full article
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12 pages, 696 KiB  
Article
Nature Prescriptions and Indigenous Peoples: A Qualitative Inquiry in the Northwest Territories, Canada
by Nicole Redvers, Jamie Hartmann-Boyce and Sarah Tonkin-Crine
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060806 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1131
Abstract
Nature prescription programs have become more common within healthcare settings. Despite the health benefits of being in nature, nature prescriptions within the context of Indigenous Peoples have received little attention. We therefore sought to answer the following question: What are circumpolar-based physicians’ and [...] Read more.
Nature prescription programs have become more common within healthcare settings. Despite the health benefits of being in nature, nature prescriptions within the context of Indigenous Peoples have received little attention. We therefore sought to answer the following question: What are circumpolar-based physicians’ and Indigenous Elders’ views on nature prescribing in the Northwest Territories, Canada? We carried out thirteen semi-structured interviews with physicians between May 2022 and March 2023, and one sharing circle with Indigenous Elders in February 2023. Separate reflexive thematic analysis was carried out to generate key themes through inductive coding of the data. The main themes identified from the physician interviews included the importance of cultural context; barriers with nature prescriptions in the region; and the potential for nature prescriptions in the North. Reflections shared by the Elders included the need for things to be done in the right way; the sentiment that the Land is not just an experience but a way of life; and the importance of traditional food as a connection with Nature. With expanding nature prescription programs, key considerations are needed when serving Indigenous communities. Further investigation is warranted to ensure that nature prescriptions are appropriate within a given context, are inclusive of supporting Land-based approaches to health and wellbeing, and are considered within the context of Indigenous self-determination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Global Health)
25 pages, 561 KiB  
Review
A Scoping Review of Instruments Used in Measuring Social Support among Refugees in Resettlement
by Godfred O. Boateng, Karin Wachter, Roseanne C. Schuster, Tanya L. Burgess and Mary Bunn
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060805 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 925
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review current research on the application of existing social support scales in research with refugees in resettlement, assess their quality, and identify gaps in measurement to enhance research and practice. A scoping review was conducted on the extant [...] Read more.
This study aimed to systematically review current research on the application of existing social support scales in research with refugees in resettlement, assess their quality, and identify gaps in measurement to enhance research and practice. A scoping review was conducted on the extant literature published until March 2023. A team of researchers conducted search, sorting, and data extraction processes following best practices for scale development and validation. Of the 1185 studies collected from the search process, 41 articles were retained in the final analysis, from which 17 distinct social support instruments used in research with resettled refugees were identified. An assessment of all 17 instruments showed the presence of one or more limitations associated with construct, criterion, convergent, and/or discriminant validity. Test of reliability was assessed in all studies, with a range of 0.80 to 0.90. Our findings show that most of the research evaluating social support among resettled refugees is conducted without measurement instruments adequately validated in the resettlement context. This analysis highlights the need for rigorously developed social support scales that reflect the lived experiences, needs, and priorities of resettled refugees. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Measuring Health Inequities among Vulnerable Populations (2nd Edition))
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12 pages, 1021 KiB  
Article
The Interaction between Education and Sex with Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Two Brazilian Cities
by Amanda Popolino Diniz, Raquel de Deus Mendonça, George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho and Adriana Lúcia Meireles
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060804 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 864
Abstract
This cross-sectional study, carried out between October and December 2020 in two Brazilian cities, aimed to evaluate the joint association of education and sex with habitual and episodic excessive alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. Habitual alcohol consumption was defined as drinking any [...] Read more.
This cross-sectional study, carried out between October and December 2020 in two Brazilian cities, aimed to evaluate the joint association of education and sex with habitual and episodic excessive alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. Habitual alcohol consumption was defined as drinking any quantity of alcohol at least once per week. Excessive episodic alcohol consumption was defined as the consumption of five or more drinks by men or four or more drinks by women at least once in the last 30 days. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze associations of education and sex with alcohol consumption. Education was not associated with habitual alcohol consumption and excessive episodic alcohol consumption. However, when evaluating the joint effect between education and sex, it can be seen that men with low education were more likely to habitually consume (OR: 5.85; CI95:2.74–14.84) and abuse alcohol (OR: 4.45; IC95:1.54–12.82) and women with high education were more likely to have habitual (OR: 2.16; IC95:1.18–3.95) and abusive alcohol consumption (OR: 2.00; IC95:1.16–3.43). These findings highlight the modifying effect of sex on the relationship between education and alcohol consumption, such that education influenced alcohol consumption differently between sexes during the pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Public Health during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic)
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8 pages, 517 KiB  
Brief Report
The Association between Socioeconomic Status and Race/Ethnicity with Home Evacuation of Lower Manhattan Residents following the 9/11/2001 World Trade Center Disaster
by James E. Cone, Lucie Millien, Cristina Pollari, Jennifer Brite, Heather Badger, John Kubale, Grace Noppert, Sonia Hegde, Robert Brackbill and Mark Farfel
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 803; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060803 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 565
Abstract
On 11 September 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) killed nearly three thousand people and exposed hundreds of thousands of rescue and recovery workers, passersby, area workers, and residents to varying amounts of dust and smoke. Former New York City Mayor [...] Read more.
On 11 September 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) killed nearly three thousand people and exposed hundreds of thousands of rescue and recovery workers, passersby, area workers, and residents to varying amounts of dust and smoke. Former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani ordered the emergency evacuation of Lower Manhattan below Canal Street, but not all residents evacuated. Previous studies showed that those who did not evacuate had a higher incidence of newly diagnosed asthma. Among the 71,424 who enrolled in the WTC Health Registry in 2003–2004, we evaluated the bivariate association of educational attainment, household income, and race or ethnicity with reported evacuation on or after 9/11/01. We used log binomial regression to assess the relative risks of not evacuating from their home following the 9/11 attacks, adjusting for age, gender, and marital status. Out of a total of 11,871 enrollee residents of Lower Manhattan, 7345 or 61.79% reported evacuating their home on or after 9/11. In a fully adjusted model, the estimated relative risk for not evacuating was elevated for those who identified as non-Hispanic Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic residents compared to non-Hispanic White residents. Residents with a high school diploma/GED had an elevated estimated risk compared to those with at least a bachelor’s degree. Those with lower household incomes had an elevated estimated risk compared to those with the highest income category. These significant inequities will need to be prevented in future disasters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Health)
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16 pages, 755 KiB  
Review
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Dental Practitioners in Providing Care to Children in Out-of-Home Care: A Scoping Review
by Andrea Fenwicke, Ajesh George, Stacy Blythe and Neeta Prabhu
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060802 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 869
Abstract
A scoping review was conducted to synthesize available evidence of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental practitioners in providing care to children in out-of-home care (OOHC). Scientific databases and the grey literature were searched: 855 studies were screened after removing duplicates; 800 studies [...] Read more.
A scoping review was conducted to synthesize available evidence of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental practitioners in providing care to children in out-of-home care (OOHC). Scientific databases and the grey literature were searched: 855 studies were screened after removing duplicates; 800 studies were excluded based on the title and/or abstract, and the full text of 55 studies was reviewed, with 7 included in the analysis. These included three peer-reviewed articles regarding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental practitioners in providing care to children in OOHC, as well as four guidelines. Dental practitioners had some knowledge of the high health care needs of OOHC children, but knowledge regarding when children entering care received dental assessment and about OOHC dental care pathways was low. Practices of dental practitioners were varied, most gave oral hygiene instructions, but there was inconsistency in practices regarding continuity of care following placement changes and failure to attend policies. There was more consensus with dental practitioner attitudes, with practitioners in private settings seeming to prefer not to treat children in OOHC. Three of the identified guidelines provided logistical information about OOHC and consent. The final guideline gave practical information on treating children with a background of adverse childhood events (ACEs), including children in OOHC. Further research and education is warranted to aid dental practitioners in providing care to children in OOHC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Health in Children and Adolescents)
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19 pages, 730 KiB  
Systematic Review
Indo-Caribbean Youth and Suicidal Behavior: A Systematic Review
by Raul Ruiz Camacho and Shiryn D. Sukhram
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060801 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 502
Abstract
The suicide rates in Guyana, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago are among the highest in the Americas, containing significant Indo-Caribbean populations that are suggested to be most vulnerable to suicide. This systematic review analyzes the existing literature and identifies knowledge gaps in risk [...] Read more.
The suicide rates in Guyana, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago are among the highest in the Americas, containing significant Indo-Caribbean populations that are suggested to be most vulnerable to suicide. This systematic review analyzes the existing literature and identifies knowledge gaps in risk and protective factors against suicide in these countries. The literature search conducted followed PRISMA guidelines using the PubMed and APA PsycInfo databases. The PRISMA flow diagram illustrated that eight scholarly papers were eligible for inclusion. Included literature examined stratified data focused on the aforementioned countries, as well as their Indo-Caribbean adolescent populations. Excluded literature did not mention suicidality, adolescents, Indo-Caribbeans, or the focal countries or was focused on the Jonestown mass murder–suicide event. The studies encompassed 6581 individuals. Identified risk factors include social stigma regarding suicide, mental health resource scarcity, and difficult socioeconomic conditions. The identified protective factors for youth include religious/spiritual practices and group activities. Limitations include database quantity, risk of publication bias, and the small sample for each study. A prevailing social stigma regarding suicide was identified. Greater research is needed relating to effects of suicide legislation, bereavement experiences, sociocultural contexts, geography, migration patterns, and culturally compatible interventions to aid future suicide prevention efforts. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023417494). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Self-Injuries and Suicidal Behavior)
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17 pages, 1349 KiB  
Article
The Dynamic Relationship between Social Cohesion and Urban Green Space in Diverse Communities: Opportunities and Challenges to Public Health
by Viniece Jennings, Alessandro Rigolon, Jasmine Thompson, Athena Murray, Ariel Henderson and Richard Schulterbrandt Gragg
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060800 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1150
Abstract
Social cohesion is a key factor within social determinants of health and well-being. Urban green spaces can provide environments that potentially facilitate meaningful and positive social interactions that promote social cohesion, equity, human health, and well-being. However, the lack of integration of existing [...] Read more.
Social cohesion is a key factor within social determinants of health and well-being. Urban green spaces can provide environments that potentially facilitate meaningful and positive social interactions that promote social cohesion, equity, human health, and well-being. However, the lack of integration of existing research on social cohesion, urban green spaces, and public health in diverse (e.g., racially and ethnically) communities limits culturally relevant strategies to address health disparities. In this manuscript, we synthesize research on the potential of urban green spaces to promote social cohesion and public health in historically excluded communities. Particularly, we explore the development of social cohesion as it relates to the social environment, built environment, leisure opportunities, green space maintenance, safety, and green gentrification. We highlight key factors and their application to meet opportunities and challenges to social and public health. A conceptual framework is presented to provide an overview and illustrate connections found in the literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenging Health Disparities through the Promotion of Health Equity)
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16 pages, 869 KiB  
Article
Discrimination Experiences among Asian American and Pacific Islander Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Association with Mental Health Outcomes: Updated Findings from the COMPASS Study
by Marcelle M. Dougan, Marian Tzuang, Bora Nam, Oanh L. Meyer, Janice Y. Tsoh and Van M. Ta Park
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 799; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060799 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 805
Abstract
Background: Reports of escalated discrimination experiences among Asian American and Native Hawaiian Pacific Islanders (AANHPI) continue. Methods: Using the original and follow-up surveys of the COVID-19 Effects on the Mental and Physical Health of AAPI (Asian American and Pacific Islanders) Survey Study (COMPASS [...] Read more.
Background: Reports of escalated discrimination experiences among Asian American and Native Hawaiian Pacific Islanders (AANHPI) continue. Methods: Using the original and follow-up surveys of the COVID-19 Effects on the Mental and Physical Health of AAPI (Asian American and Pacific Islanders) Survey Study (COMPASS I and COMPASS II) (n = 3177), we examined changes over approximately a 1-year period in discrimination experiences attributable to being AAPI and factors associated with worse mental health outcomes. Results: Experiences of discrimination remained high in COMPASS II with 60.6% (of participants (compared to 60.2% among the same people in COMPASS I) reporting one or more discrimination experiences, and 28.6% reporting worse mental health outcomes. Experiences of discrimination were associated with modest but significant increase in the odds of worse mental health: adjusted OR 1.02 (95% CI 1.01–1.04). Being younger, being of Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander or Hmong descent (relative to Asian Indian), and having spent 50% or less of their lifetime in the US (vs. US born), were significantly associated with worse mental health. Conclusions: The fall-out from the pandemic continues to adversely impact AANHPI communities. These findings may help influence policy initiatives to mitigate its effects and support interventions designed to improve mental health outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 20th Anniversary of IJERPH)
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17 pages, 667 KiB  
Article
‘How Your Spirit Is Travelling’—Understanding First Nations Peoples’ Experiences of Living Well with and after Cancer
by Anneliese de Groot, Bena Brown, Daniel Lindsay, Alana Gall, Nicole Hewlett, Amy Hickman and Gail Garvey
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 798; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060798 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 720
Abstract
As the number of people living with cancer increases, it is important to understand how people can live well with and after cancer. First Nations people diagnosed with cancer in Australia experience survival disparities relating to health service accessibility and a lack of [...] Read more.
As the number of people living with cancer increases, it is important to understand how people can live well with and after cancer. First Nations people diagnosed with cancer in Australia experience survival disparities relating to health service accessibility and a lack of understanding of cultural needs and lived experiences. This study aimed to amplify the voices of First Nations individuals impacted by cancer and advance the development of a culturally informed care pathway. Indigenist research methodology guided the relational and transformative approach of this study. Participants included varied cancer experts, including First Nations people living well with and after cancer, health professionals, researchers, and policy makers. Data were collected through online Yarning circles and analysed according to an inductive thematic approach. The experience of First Nations people living well with and after cancer is inextricably connected with family. The overall themes encompass hope, family, and culture and the four priority areas included the following: strength-based understanding of cancer, cancer information, access to healthcare and support, and holistic cancer services. Respect for culture is interwoven throughout. Models of survivorship care need to integrate family-centred cancer care to holistically support First Nations people throughout and beyond their cancer journey. Full article
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19 pages, 717 KiB  
Review
A Scoping Review of Bystander-Based Sexual Violence Prevention Training for College Students in Fraternities and Sororities
by Caterina DeFazio, Samantha I. Moyers-Kinsella, Elizabeth A. Claydon, Michelle D. Hand, Christa Lilly, Keith J. Zullig and Danielle M. Davidov
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060797 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 677
Abstract
Bystander-based sexual violence (SV) prevention trainings are offered on college campuses across the United States to meet federal Title IX requirements, as they have proven to be an effective strategy for violence prevention. Greek-affiliated students (fraternity and sorority members) are at a higher [...] Read more.
Bystander-based sexual violence (SV) prevention trainings are offered on college campuses across the United States to meet federal Title IX requirements, as they have proven to be an effective strategy for violence prevention. Greek-affiliated students (fraternity and sorority members) are at a higher risk of sexual assault than their peers; however, few trainings consider the specific needs of this population, and program adaptations for this high-risk group may be needed. This scoping review identifies and describes the bystander trainings delivered to Greek-affiliated students in the US and Canada. An eight-database search was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The review identified 81 unique sources, with 18 meeting the inclusion criteria. Eleven specific training programs were identified, encompassing qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method studies. The thematic analysis revealed best practices, including the importance of peer leaders, interactive sessions, and tailored content to Greek culture, as well as barriers such as a lack of engagement and an inadequate session length. The review underscores the need for tailored interventions to effectively address the unique cultural characteristics and high-risk nature of Greek-affiliated students. These findings provide valuable insights for improving the design and implementation of bystander interventions to enhance their efficacy in preventing sexual violence within this population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexuality, Health, and Gender)
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16 pages, 634 KiB  
Review
A Scoping Review of Interventions Targeting the Mental Health of Australian Veterans
by Ben Wadham, Lisa Andrewartha, Sharon Lawn, Ilke Onur and Laura Catherine Edney
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 796; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060796 - 18 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1005
Abstract
Serving in the military can have significant impacts on the mental health of veterans and their families. Military personnel can be exposed to a range of physical stressors, psychological trauma, risky lifestyle factors, a regimented military culture, and inadequate support when transitioning out [...] Read more.
Serving in the military can have significant impacts on the mental health of veterans and their families. Military personnel can be exposed to a range of physical stressors, psychological trauma, risky lifestyle factors, a regimented military culture, and inadequate support when transitioning out of service. This article reviews research on interventions designed to improve the mental health of Australian military veterans in order to synthesise current knowledge and identify gaps in the literature. Our scoping review followed PRISMA recommendations and comprised peer-reviewed literature published since 2000. The review demonstrates a dominance of psychologically driven research paradigms and interventions and a neglect of the importance of social factors in shaping veteran mental health. There is a wide range of interventions available; however, the literature is narrow and limited. We found little evidence that the lived experience of veterans had been harnessed in program design or delivery. We argue the need for a holistic approach that moves beyond psychological and biological understandings of health and wellbeing to incorporate social and cultural determinants. Future research could adopt a stronger multidisciplinary approach, increased socio-cultural understanding, and greater consideration of the lived experience of veterans and their families. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral and Mental Health)
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26 pages, 937 KiB  
Systematic Review
Practices Supporting Community Recovery and Healing from Climate-Related Disasters: A Systematic Review
by Lynne Keevers, Deborah Gough, Jacqui Cameron, Anthony McKnight, Saskia Ebejer, Susan Duchesne, Adam Gowen, Karen Fildes and Maria Mackay
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 795; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060795 - 18 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1408
Abstract
This systematic review investigated the practices that support and hinder the recovery and healing of communities and the environments within which they live, following climate-related environmental disasters. Although the literature focused on recovery is dominated by interventions aimed at the individual and their [...] Read more.
This systematic review investigated the practices that support and hinder the recovery and healing of communities and the environments within which they live, following climate-related environmental disasters. Although the literature focused on recovery is dominated by interventions aimed at the individual and their mental health, a thematic analysis of thirty-six studies established a range of practices that enhance collective recovery and healing. Four narratives were identified from the findings highlighting key practices: (1) collective and community-led recovery; (2) recognising the criticality of context, place, and identity; (3) adopting a holistic conception of well-being and Country-centred practices; and (4) decolonising and Indigenising the literature. This study details recommendations for research and practice. First Nations’ knowledges and healing practices need to be recognised and harnessed in climate-related environmental disaster recovery. Community-led interventions harness local knowledge, networks, and expertise, which improves the dissemination of resources and enables recovery efforts to be tailored to the specific needs of communities. Full article
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33 pages, 848 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Nonpharmacological Interventions on Opioid Use for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Scoping Review
by Zhanette Coffee, Kevin Cheng, Maribeth Slebodnik, Kimberly Mulligan, Chong Ho Yu, Todd W. Vanderah and Judith S. Gordon
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060794 - 18 Jun 2024
Viewed by 919
Abstract
Despite the lack of evidence, opioids are still routinely used as a solution to long-term management for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). Given the significant risks associated with long-term opioid use, including the increased number of unregulated opioid pills at large in the opioid [...] Read more.
Despite the lack of evidence, opioids are still routinely used as a solution to long-term management for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). Given the significant risks associated with long-term opioid use, including the increased number of unregulated opioid pills at large in the opioid ecosystem, opioid cessation or reduction may be the desired goal of the patient and clinician. Viable nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) to complement and/or replace opioids for CNCP are needed. Comprehensive reviews that address the impact of NPIs to help adults with CNCP reduce opioid use safely are lacking. We conducted a literature search in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus for studies published in English. The initial search was conducted in April 2021, and updated in January 2024. The literature search yielded 19,190 relevant articles. Thirty-nine studies met the eligibility criteria and underwent data extraction. Of these, nineteen (49%) were randomized controlled trials, eighteen (46%) were observational studies, and two (5%) were secondary analyses. Among adults with CNCP who use opioids for pain management, studies on mindfulness, yoga, educational programs, certain devices or digital technology, chiropractic, and combination NPIs suggest that they might be an effective approach for reducing both pain intensity and opioid use, but other NPIs did not show a significant effect (e.g., hypnosis, virtual reality). This review revealed there is a small to moderate body of literature demonstrating that some NPIs might be an effective and safe approach for reducing pain and opioid use, concurrently. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Opioid Use, Pain Management, and Public Health)
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15 pages, 333 KiB  
Article
Parental Migration and the Social and Mental Well-Being Challenges among Indonesian Left-Behind Children: A Qualitative Study
by Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Alfonsa Liquory Seran, Paul Aylward, Lillian Mwanri and Paul Russell Ward
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060793 - 18 Jun 2024
Viewed by 577
Abstract
Parental labour migration, of either one or both parents, has been associated with various challenges among left-behind children (LBC). However, there is a limited understanding of the LBC’s own views and experiences of social and mental well-being and how the new daily life [...] Read more.
Parental labour migration, of either one or both parents, has been associated with various challenges among left-behind children (LBC). However, there is a limited understanding of the LBC’s own views and experiences of social and mental well-being and how the new daily life circumstances they encounter following their parents’ migration impact them. This study aimed to understand the influence of parental migration and its aftermath on the social and mental well-being of adolescents (referred to as LBC) in two rural districts in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative design, data were collected through individual in-depth interviews with LBC (n = 24) aged 14 to 18 years, recruited using the snowball sampling technique. Data were thematically analysed, guided by a qualitative data analysis framework. The findings showed that parental migration negatively impacted the social well-being of LBC. This impact was reflected in negative labelling from friends and changes in familial roles which influenced their social interactions and activities with peers. Parental migration was also associated with challenges to the mental well-being of LBC. These manifested in the LBC experiencing fractured emotional bonds, leading to negative emotions, including stress, anxiety, sadness, depression, frustration, loss of motivation, and self-imposed isolation, which were associated with their parents’ migration and abrupt disruptions in parent–child communication. The transition to new life situations with caregivers after parental migration and the dynamics within the caregivers’ households were additional factors that detrimentally affected their mental well-being. Unmet basic needs and educational needs due to financial hardships faced by mothers and caregivers further exacerbated mental health challenges for the children. The findings indicate the importance and improvement of policies and interventions in Indonesia (e.g., counselling services, non-cash food assistance, family hope program, direct cash assistance) that cover and address the diverse needs of mothers or caregivers and the LBC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Migrants and Refugees: Recent Trends, Health Inequities and Aging)
20 pages, 3190 KiB  
Article
Removal of Bisphenol S (BPS) by Adsorption on Activated Carbons Commercialized in Brazil
by Nayara dos Santos Oliveira, Yovanka Perez Ginoris and Harsha Ratnaweera
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060792 - 18 Jun 2024
Viewed by 507
Abstract
This study assessed three powdered activated carbons (BETM, COCO, and SIAL) commercialized in Brazil at the bench scale in agitated reactors, analyzing their kinetic behavior and adsorptive capacity for BPS and BPA in ultrapure water. BETM exhibited the highest adsorption capacities (Q0 [...] Read more.
This study assessed three powdered activated carbons (BETM, COCO, and SIAL) commercialized in Brazil at the bench scale in agitated reactors, analyzing their kinetic behavior and adsorptive capacity for BPS and BPA in ultrapure water. BETM exhibited the highest adsorption capacities (Q0max) for BPS and BPA at 260.62 and 264.64 mg/g, respectively, followed by SIAL, with a Q0max of 248.25 mg/g for BPS and for 231.20 mg/g BPA, and COCO, with a Q0max of 136.51 mg/g for BPS and 150.03 mg/g for BPA. The Langmuir isotherm model can describe the processes well. A pseudo-second-order model can describe the adsorption kinetics, and SIAL carbon had the highest rate constants (7.45 × 10−3 mg/g/min for BPS and 2.84 × 10−3 mg/g/min for BPA). The Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion model suggests intraparticle diffusion as the rate-limiting step of all adsorption processes. Boyd’s model confirmed more than the mechanism actuating in the bisphenol adsorption. The results suggest that adsorbents with basic surfaces, high specific surface areas, and high mesopore volumes tend to remove BPS and BPA efficiently. Therefore, activated carbons can effectively complement the existing treatment in Brazilian water treatment plants (WTPs). Full article
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16 pages, 736 KiB  
Article
An Evidence-Based Guide for Delivering Mental Healthcare Services in Farming Communities: A Qualitative Study of Providers’ Perspectives
by Rebecca Purc-Stephenson, Nicole Roy, Adachukwu Chimaobi and Deanna Hood
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060791 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 651
Abstract
Individuals living in rural areas often face challenges in accessing healthcare, increasing their risk of poor health outcomes. Farmers, a sub-population in rural areas, are particularly vulnerable to mental health issues and suicide, yet they exhibit low rates of help-seeking behavior. The aim [...] Read more.
Individuals living in rural areas often face challenges in accessing healthcare, increasing their risk of poor health outcomes. Farmers, a sub-population in rural areas, are particularly vulnerable to mental health issues and suicide, yet they exhibit low rates of help-seeking behavior. The aim of our study was to develop an in-depth understanding of the issues influencing mental help-seeking among farmers living in rural areas from the perspectives of healthcare providers, as well as to explore the strategies providers use to navigate through these issues to effectively engage with this vulnerable population. Methods: We used a descriptive phenomenological approach to understand healthcare providers’ perspectives, experiences, and approaches to providing mental healthcare to farmer clients in rural areas. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants practicing in Canada between March and May 2023. Results: Our analysis yielded five thematic areas: (1) ensuring accessibility, (2) establishing relatability, (3) addressing stoicism and stigma, (4) navigating dual roles, and (5) understanding community trauma. Conclusions: Healthcare service delivery for farmers is multifaceted. This study fills a gap in knowledge by translating these data to inform an evidence-based model and a list of recommendations for implementing agriculturally informed practices in rural areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Public Health: Rural Health Services Research)
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17 pages, 409 KiB  
Article
Rehabilitation Services for Young-Onset Dementia: Examples from High- and Low–Middle-Income Countries
by Aida Suárez-González, Sharon A Savage, Suvarna Alladi, Viviane Amaral-Carvalho, Faheem Arshad, Julieta Camino, Paulo Caramelli, Adelina Comas-Herrera, Julia Cook, Claudia Cooper, Laura García Díaz, Stephanie M. Grasso, Regina Jokel, Monica Lavoie, Tomás León, Thomas Priya, Teresita Ramos Franco, Cathleen Taylor-Rubin, Rosemary Townsend, Angelika Thöne-Otto, Andrea Slachevsky, Anna Volkmer, Wendy Weidner and Claire MC O’Connoradd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060790 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1243
Abstract
The WHO Dementia Global Action Plan states that rehabilitation services for dementia are required to promote health, reduce disability, and maintain quality of life for those living with dementia. Current services, however, are scarce, particularly for people with young-onset dementia (YOD). This article, [...] Read more.
The WHO Dementia Global Action Plan states that rehabilitation services for dementia are required to promote health, reduce disability, and maintain quality of life for those living with dementia. Current services, however, are scarce, particularly for people with young-onset dementia (YOD). This article, written by an international group of multidisciplinary dementia specialists, offers a three-part overview to promote the development of rehabilitation services for YOD. Firstly, we provide a synthesis of knowledge on current evidence-based rehabilitative therapies for early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD), behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). Secondly, we discuss the characteristics of rehabilitation services for YOD, providing examples across three continents for how these services can be embedded in existing settings and the different roles of the rehabilitation multidisciplinary team. Lastly, we conclude by highlighting the potential of telehealth in making rehabilitation services more accessible for people with YOD. Overall, with this paper, we aim to encourage clinical leads to begin introducing at least some rehabilitation into their services, leveraging existing resources and finding support in the collective expertise of the broader multidisciplinary dementia professional community. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Care and Support for People Living with Young Onset or Rarer Forms of Dementia)
15 pages, 1464 KiB  
Article
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Air Pollution among Medical Students
by Santiago Rendon-Marin, Luis Felipe Higuita-Gutiérrez and Diana Maryory Gomez-Gallego
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 789; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060789 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 720
Abstract
Background: Air pollution has emerged as a global public health concern. Specifically, in Medellín, Colombia, episodes of elevated air pollution have been documented. Medical students’ knowledge of air pollution is paramount for implementing future interventions directed toward patients. The aim of this research [...] Read more.
Background: Air pollution has emerged as a global public health concern. Specifically, in Medellín, Colombia, episodes of elevated air pollution have been documented. Medical students’ knowledge of air pollution is paramount for implementing future interventions directed toward patients. The aim of this research was to delineate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding air pollution among medical students at a private university in Medellín. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 352 medical students was conducted. A questionnaire was administered, generating scores ranging from 0 to 100, where a higher score signified better knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Data were analyzed using frequencies, summary measures, non-parametric tests, and linear regression. Results: In total, 31% rated the education received at the university on the relationship between health and air quality as fair to poor, and 81% perceived the air quality in the city as poor. The knowledge score was 77.8 (IQR 71.1–85.6), with 90% acknowledging that exposure to air pollution increases the risk of various diseases. The attitudes score was 82.1 (IQR 71.8–87.2), and 25.9% believed that air pollution is a multifactorial problem, rendering their actions ineffective. In terms of practices, the score was 50 (IQR 42.9–57.1), indicating that students either did not employ protective measures against pollution or used inappropriate practices such as masks or air purifiers. Regression analysis revealed no association between knowledge and practices. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore that medical students possess commendable knowledge regarding the health effects of air pollution. However, their adoption of inappropriate practices for self-protection is evident. The lack of correlation between knowledge and practices highlights the necessity of educational initiatives to be complemented by regulatory and cultural interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Health)
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12 pages, 317 KiB  
Article
Changes to Secondary School Physical Activity Programs and Policy after Emerging from COVID-19 Lockdowns
by Hussain Chattha, Markus J. Duncan, Negin A. Riazi, Scott T. Leatherdale and Karen A. Patte
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060788 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 579
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the adaptations that schools made to physical activity programs and facilities, and disparities by area urbanicity and income, during the first school year after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a convenience sample of [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to explore the adaptations that schools made to physical activity programs and facilities, and disparities by area urbanicity and income, during the first school year after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a convenience sample of 132 secondary schools in Canada, school contacts responded to an annual survey in the 2020–2021 school year on changes to physical activity programs and facilities, and related staff training. Content analysis categorized open-ended text responses, and schools were compared based on area urbanicity and median income. Most schools canceled all interschool sports (88.9%) and intramurals (65.9%). New programs were added by 12.6% of schools, and about half (49%) of schools reported some continuing programs, most of which were sports programs, followed by facility and equipment access. Physical activity facilities were closed in 18.1% of schools, while 15.7% had new facilities added, and 11% temporarily converted facilities into learning spaces. Large/medium urban schools were at greater odds of having made any change to their facilities compared to schools in rural/small urban areas (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.3 (1.1, 4.8)). The results demonstrate the considerable scale and nature of the restrictions in school provisions of physical activity opportunities during this period, as well as the resourcefulness of some schools in adding new programs and facilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Exercise and Health-Related Quality of Life)
10 pages, 642 KiB  
Commentary
COVID-19 Policy Response Analysis: A Canadian Perspective
by Andrew Klein and Mehmet A. Begen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 787; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060787 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 444
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the challenges that go into effective policymaking. Facing a public health crisis of epic proportion, government bodies across the world sought to manage the spread of infectious disease and healthcare-system overwhelm in the face of historic economic instability and [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the challenges that go into effective policymaking. Facing a public health crisis of epic proportion, government bodies across the world sought to manage the spread of infectious disease and healthcare-system overwhelm in the face of historic economic instability and social unrest. Recognizing that COVID-19 debates and research are still actively ongoing, this paper aims to objectively compare COVID-19 responses from countries across the world that exhibit similar economic and political models to Canada, identify notable failures, successes, and key takeaways to inform future-state pandemic preparedness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 20th Anniversary of IJERPH)
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13 pages, 580 KiB  
Article
The Role of Social Support and Sleep Quality in the Psychological Well-Being of Nurses and Doctors
by Marta Frazão Pinheiro, Inês Carvalho Relva, Mónica Costa and Catarina Pinheiro Mota
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060786 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 618
Abstract
Social support enhances the development of adaptive strategies to cope with difficulties, which may affect psychological well-being. Sleep quality has been highlighted as having a relevant role in psychological well-being. The present study aimed to analyse the role of social support and sleep [...] Read more.
Social support enhances the development of adaptive strategies to cope with difficulties, which may affect psychological well-being. Sleep quality has been highlighted as having a relevant role in psychological well-being. The present study aimed to analyse the role of social support and sleep quality in the psychological well-being of health professionals (nurses and doctors) compared to the general population. The sample comprised 466 adults aged between 18 and 75 (M = 43.4; SD = 10.8), of which 272 were the general population and 194 nurses and doctors. Data were collected through a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Psychological Well-Being Manifestation Measure Scale. Nurses presented less balance (also doctors), sociability and happiness than other professionals. Less significant sociability was observed in nurses compared with doctors. The results also allowed us to observe the positive role of social support from significant others on social involvement and sociability and the positive role of the family in self-esteem. Social support from friends played a positive role in all dimensions of psychological well-being. Males had a higher prevalence of psychological well-being. Other professionals and sleep quality show high levels of psychological well-being in all dimensions. Data discussion highlights the role of social support, sleep, and sex and the implications of health professions (nurses and doctors) on psychological well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral and Mental Health)
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8 pages, 307 KiB  
Editorial
Types of Racism and Health Disparities and Inequalities among Cancer Patients: An Editorial Reflection of Articles in This Special Issue of IJERPH
by Shaila M. Strayhorn-Carter, Ken Batai and Francine C. Gachupin
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 785; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060785 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 771
Abstract
Racism has been a long-standing influential factor that has negatively impacted both past and current health disparities within the United Sates population. Existing problems of racism and its impact on both health disparities and health inequalities were only amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic. [...] Read more.
Racism has been a long-standing influential factor that has negatively impacted both past and current health disparities within the United Sates population. Existing problems of racism and its impact on both health disparities and health inequalities were only amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic allowed both clinicians and researchers to recognize a growing list of health concerns at the macro-, meso-, and micro-level among underserved racially minoritized patients with specific chronic illnesses such as cancer. Based on these concerns, this Special Issue was designed to highlight the challenges of cancer screening, cancer treatment, and cancer-centered educational outreach among racially minoritized communities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Second Edition: Cancer Health Disparities and Public Health)
20 pages, 558 KiB  
Article
Facilitating Access to Mental Health Services: A Stakeholder-Driven Improvement of the Children and Young People (CYP) as One Referral Platform
by Kristof Santa, Chloe Dixon, Rafaela Neiva Ganga, Gemma Trainor, Grahame Smith, Victoria Furfie and Holly Brown
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060784 - 16 Jun 2024
Viewed by 787
Abstract
(1) Background: Pre-pandemic, child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) referrals were paper based in Liverpool and Sefton (England, United Kingdom), causing delays in waiting times. The “CYP as One” online mental health referral platform was co-created to overcome these challenges. (2) Methods: [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Pre-pandemic, child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) referrals were paper based in Liverpool and Sefton (England, United Kingdom), causing delays in waiting times. The “CYP as One” online mental health referral platform was co-created to overcome these challenges. (2) Methods: This study aims to improve “CYP as One” accessibility and usability and, subsequently, support CAMHS to improve waiting times. The current study utilised the Living Lab approach. We conducted content analysis on completed online referrals extracted from the “CYP as One” platform. These findings were supplemented by seven online focus groups, with 16–19-year-old young people, parents of children under 16, and health service providers. Thematic analysis was conducted on all data. (3) Results: The thematic analysis returned seven themes, namely (i) ”CYP as One” vs. Traditional Referrals, (ii) Gender and Language Dynamics, (iii) Digital Empathy in Action, (iv) the Influence of the Provider Perspective, (v) Age and Social Sensitivity, (vi) Enhancing Access to Information, and (vii) Boosting Admin and Clinical Efficiency. (4) Conclusions: Digital content that seeks to replace in-person referrals can provide adequate support to children and young people who have faced difficulties accessing mental health services. Full article
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18 pages, 3302 KiB  
Article
Sleep Disturbance Caused by Step Changes in Railway Noise Exposure and Earthquakes
by Takashi Morihara, Yasuhiro Murakami, Koji Shimoyama, Makoto Morinaga, Shigenori Yokoshima, Sohei Tsujimura, Yasuhiro Hiraguri and Takashi Yano
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(6), 783; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060783 - 16 Jun 2024
Viewed by 642
Abstract
Kyushu Shinkansen and conventional railway lines run parallel in the areas 5 km north of Kumamoto Station (northern area) and 12 km south of the station (southern area). Following the operation of the Kyushu Shinkansen Line in 2011, the adjacent conventional railway line [...] Read more.
Kyushu Shinkansen and conventional railway lines run parallel in the areas 5 km north of Kumamoto Station (northern area) and 12 km south of the station (southern area). Following the operation of the Kyushu Shinkansen Line in 2011, the adjacent conventional railway line in the north was elevated, a new station was operated in the south, and large earthquakes struck the Kumamoto area from March to April 2016. Sleep disturbances were compared before and after the interventions and earthquakes based on noise source (Shinkansen and conventional railways), area (northern and southern), and house type (detached and apartment) through socio-acoustic surveys from 2011 to 2017. The Shinkansen railway caused significantly less sleep disturbances in detached houses in the north after compared to before the earthquakes, presumably due to more frequent closures of bedroom windows in northern detached houses following the earthquakes. The Shinkansen railway caused significantly more sleep disturbances in apartments in the south after compared to before the earthquakes, presumably because the Shinkansen slowed down immediately after the earthquakes and returned to normal speed during the survey, suddenly increasing the noise exposure. There was no significant difference in the other six cases investigated. Overall, the interventions may not have caused significant differences in sleep disturbances. This article expands on the congress paper by Morihara et al. presented in the “Community Response to Noise” session at the 52nd International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering in Makuhari, Japan, organized by the International Institute of Noise Control Engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Community Response to Environmental Noise)
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