The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Health-Related Fitness in College Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Experimental Design and Task
2.3. Measurements
2.3.1. Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) Assessment
2.3.2. Pulmonary Function Assessment
2.3.3. Exercise Tolerance and Cardiac Function Assessment
2.3.4. Athletic Performance Assessment
2.3.5. Inspiratory Muscle Training
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Comparative Analysis of Participants’ Pre-Experimental Test Metrics
3.2. Comparative Analysis of Test Metrics before and after the Participants’ Experiment
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Maximal Inspiratory Pressure and Pulmonary Function Assessment
4.2. Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Exercise Tolerance and Cardiac Function Assessment
4.3. Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Athletic Performance Assessments
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Anthropological Information | IMT Group (n = 20) Mean ± SD | Control Group (n = 18) Mean ± SD | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 18.55 ± 0.89 | 18.67 ± 1.08 | 0.74 |
Height, cm | 176.9 ± 6.48 | 176.06 ± 5.6 | 0.67 |
Mass, kg | 68.65 ± 10.63 | 68.39 ± 12.5 | 0.95 |
BMI | 21.98 ± 3.59 | 22.00 ± 4.40 | 0.93 |
Variables | IMT Group (n = 20) | Control Group (n = 18) | t/Z | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre- | Pre- | |||
MIP | ||||
MIP (cmH2O) | 100.50 ± 27.30 | 96.72 ± 24.33 | 0.448 | 0.66 |
pulmonary function | ||||
PEF (L/min) | 451.10 ± 124.13 | 460.39 ± 96.04 | −0.256 | 0.80 |
PEF (%) | 70.65 ± 19.50 | 72.11 ± 14.97 | −0.073 | 0.942 |
FVC (L) | 3.30 ± 0.906 | 2.90 ± 0.94 | 1.307 | 0.199 |
FEV1 (L) | 3.28 ± 0.90 | 2.82 ± 0.85 | 1.597 | 0.119 |
FEV1 (%) | 63.65 ± 15.75 | 58.17 ± 17.53 | 1.016 | 0.316 |
FEV1/FVC (%) | 95.30 ± 8.85 | 97.94 ± 3.49 | −0.550 | 0.583 |
Exercise tolerance | ||||
VO2max (mL/min/kg) | 42.72 ± 9.03 | 47.08 ± 6.54 | −1.685 | 0.10 |
METS | 12.22 ± 2.59 | 13.44 ± 1.85 | −1.667 | 0.104 |
RQ | 1.12 ± 0.10 | 1.05 ± 0.1 | −1.934 | 0.053 |
VE (L/min) | 77.62 ± 26.74 | 73.27 ± 18.44 | 0.576 | 0.57 |
BR (%) | 53.41 ± 15.74 | 55.65 ± 11.03 | −0.501 | 0.62 |
HRmax (bpm) | 190.25 ± 16.29 | 189.89 ± 8.67 | −0.834 | 0.404 |
VO2/HR (mL/beat) | 15.10 ± 2.22 | 16.92 ± 3.45 | −1.579 | 0.114 |
t-test (s) | 417.00 ± 70.19 | 433.67 ± 58.52 | −1.023 | 0.306 |
Athletic Performance | ||||
1000 m test (s) | 265.15 ± 19.60 | 259.28 ± 38.60 | −0.951 | 0.342 |
IMT Group | t/Z | ES | p | Control Group | t/Z | ES | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre- | Post- | Pre- | Post- | |||||||
MIP (cmH2O) | 100.50 ± 27.30 | 150.65 ± 28.51 | −3.921 | 1.797 | <0.001 | 96.72 ± 24.33 | 99.06 ± 24.74 | −0.953 | 0.095 | 0.354 |
PEF (L/min) | 451.10 ± 124.13 | 567.25 ± 70.54 | −3.734 | 1.151 | <0.001 | 460.39 ± 96.04 | 477.17 ± 88.97 | −0.501 | 0.181 | 0.616 |
PEF (%) | 70.65 ± 19.50 | 90.60 ± 11.78 | −3.772 | 1.238 | <0.001 | 72.11 ± 14.97 | 76.11 ± 13.99 | −0.640 | 0.276 | 0.522 |
FVC (L) | 3.30 ± 0.906 | 2.75 ± 0.91 | 2.582 | 0.606 | 0.018 | 2.90 ± 0.94 | 2.80 ± 0.98 | 0.536 | 0.104 | 0.599 |
FEV1 (L) | 3.28 ± 0.90 | 2.75 ± 0.91 | 2.506 | 0.586 | 0.021 | 2.82 ± 0.85 | 2.80 ± 0.98 | 0.136 | 0.22 | 0.893 |
FEV1 (%) | 63.65 ± 15.75 | 58.25 ± 19.64 | 1.264 | 0.303 | 0.222 | 58.17 ± 17.53 | 57.50 ± 18.43 | 0.188 | 0.037 | 0.853 |
FEV1/FVC (%) | 95.30 ± 8.85 | 100 ± 0.00 | −2.371 | 0.751 | 0.018 | 97.94 ± 3.49 | 98.22 ± 5.86 | −0.405 | 0.058 | 0.686 |
VO2max (mL/min/kg) | 42.73 ± 9.03 | 47.58 ± 8.08 | −2.041 | 0.566 | 0.055 | 47.08 ± 6.54 | 51.58 ± 8.76 | −2.291 | 0.582 | 0.022 |
METS | 12.22 ± 2.59 | 13.60 ± 2.31 | −2.030 | 0.562 | 0.057 | 13.44 ± 1.85 | 14.74 ± 2.66 | −2.546 | 0.567 | 0.021 |
RQ | 1.12 ± 0.10 | 1.01 ± 0.07 | 4.786 | 1.274 | <0.001 | 1.05 ± 0.1 | 0.94 ± 0.08 | −3.468 | 1.215 | <0.001 |
VE (L/min) | 77.62 ± 26.74 | 85.17 ± 20.84 | −1.016 | 0.315 | 0.323 | 73.27 ± 18.44 | 71.63 ± 19.89 | 0.534 | 0.086 | 0.60 |
BR (%) | 53.41 ± 15.74 | 49.09 ± 12.44 | 0.993 | 0.305 | 0.333 | 55.65 ± 11.03 | 59.19 ± 13.32 | −1.034 | 0.289 | 0.301 |
HRmax (bpm) | 190.25 ± 16.29 | 198.00 ± 10.04 | −2.266 | 0.573 | 0.023 | 189.89 ± 8.67 | 191.44 ± 7.30 | −1.514 | 0.193 | 0.13 |
VO2/HR (mL/beat) | 15.10 ± 2.22 | 16.47 ± 3.49 | −1.868 | 0.468 | 0.062 | 16.92 ± 3.45 | 18.28 ± 3.97 | −2.587 | 0.366 | 0.019 |
t-test (s) | 417.00 ± 70.19 | 478.05 ± 65.11 | −3.920 | 0.902 | <0.001 | 433.67 ± 58.52 | 431.89 ± 59.98 | −0.545 | 0.03 | 0.586 |
1000 m test (s) | 265.15 ± 19.60 | 252.55 ± 20.21 | 5.042 | 0.633 | <0.001 | 259.28 ± 38.60 | 263.22 ± 32.35 | −1.527 | 0.111 | 0.127 |
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Qin, L.; Liu, S.; Hu, S.; Feng, L.; Wang, H.; Gong, X.; Xuan, W.; Lu, T. The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Health-Related Fitness in College Students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21081088
Qin L, Liu S, Hu S, Feng L, Wang H, Gong X, Xuan W, Lu T. The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Health-Related Fitness in College Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(8):1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21081088
Chicago/Turabian StyleQin, Lili, Siyu Liu, Shuang Hu, Linlin Feng, Huan Wang, Xingzhou Gong, Wei Xuan, and Tianfeng Lu. 2024. "The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Health-Related Fitness in College Students" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 8: 1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21081088