The Translated and Adapted Brazilian Version of the Behavioral Enabling Scale for Family Members of Psychoactive Substance Users: An Analysis of the Factorial Structure and Internal Consistency
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Instruments
2.3.1. Sociodemographic Questionnaire
2.3.2. Family Care Protocol
2.3.3. Behavioral Enabling Scale—BES (Brazilian Version)
3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics of Samples | EFA (n = 200) n | % | CFA (n = 200) n | % | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Degree of relatedness | 0.016 ξ | ||||
Mother | 104 | 52.0 | 130 | 65.0 | |
Father | 16 | 8.0 | 6 | 3.0 | |
Spouse | 41 | 20.5 | 44 | 22.0 | |
Sibling | 21 | 10.5 | 12 | 6.0 | |
Son/daughter | 8 | 4.0 | 3 | 1.5 | |
Other | 10 | 5.0 | 5 | 2.5 | |
Sex of family member | <0.001 § | ||||
Female | 174 | 87.0 | 192 | 96.0 | |
Male | 26 | 13.0 | 8 | 4.0 | |
Family member age ¶ | 0.731 § | ||||
≥45 years old | 115 | 59.6 | 114 | 57.9 | |
<45 years old | 78 | 40.4 | 83 | 42.1 | |
Marital status | 0.328 ξ | ||||
Married | 118 | 60.2 | 112 | 56.3 | |
Separated/divorced | 19 | 9.7 | 31 | 15.6 | |
Single | 45 | 23.0 | 40 | 20.1 | |
Widowed | 14 | 7.1 | 16 | 8.0 | |
Family income | 0.741 ξ | ||||
From 1 to 4 minimum wages | 110 | 58.5 | 119 | 60.4 | |
From 5 to 10 minimum wages | 56 | 29.8 | 57 | 28.9 | |
More than 10 minimum wages | 22 | 11.7 | 21 | 10.7 | |
User age | 0.266 § | ||||
≥25 years old | 107 | 55.7 | 117 | 59.7 | |
<25 years old | 85 | 44.3 | 79 | 40.3 | |
Sex of Substance User | 0.758 § | ||||
Male | 175 | 87.5 | 177 | 88.5 | |
Female | 25 | 12.5 | 23 | 11.5 |
Commonalities | Factor Loadings | |
---|---|---|
Factor 1 (Passive Behavior), eigenvalue = 2.91%, variance = 15.73%, accumulated variance = 15.73%, ω = 0.70, mean (SD) = 2.2 (1.0). | ||
6—You have postponed or canceled family meetings or social activities because your (family member) was using (drugs) or had a “hangover”. | 0.620 | 0.666 |
9—You have helped to take care of your (family member) during a “hangover”. | 0.607 | 0.690 |
10—You have cleaned up (vomit, urine, etc.) after your (family member) felt sick. | 0.622 | 0.696 |
13—You have apologized to others for the inappropriate behavior of your (family member) when he/she was under the influence of (drugs). | 0.485 | 0.567 |
Factor 2 (Personal Relationships), eigenvalue = 1.76%, variance = 11.88%, accumulated variance = 27.61%, ω = 0.65, mean (SD) = 1.7 (0.9). | ||
3—You have lied or made excuses to family or friends to hide your (family member’s) drug use. | 0.572 | 0.648 |
11—You have asked or encouraged your family members to ignore or not comment on your (family member’s) use of (drugs). | 0.525 | 0.592 |
12—You have helped to hide the use of (drugs) by your (family member) from your managers and coworkers. | 0.604 | 0.679 |
Factor 3 (Criminal Consequences of Use), eigenvalue = 1.61%, variance = 9.84%, accumulated variance = 37.45%, ω = 0.71, mean (SD) = 1.4 (0.7). | ||
7—You have turned to the police, judge, attorney, or any other professionals, to take your (family member) out of any problem caused by using (drugs). | 0.732 | 0.769 |
8—You have paid an attorney or bailed your (family member) out due to (drug) problems. | 0.721 | 0.775 |
Factor 4 (Minimization of Use), eigenvalue = 1.48%, variance = 8.62%, accumulated variance = 46.07%, ω = 0.70, mean (SD) = 1.1 (0.4). | ||
14—You have reaffirmed to your (family member) that his/her use of (drugs) was not that bad. | 0.719 | 0.749 |
15—You have lied or told half-truths to a doctor, judge, attorney, counselor, or police officer about your family member’s use of (drugs) or his/her participation in rehab programs. | 0.134 | 0.713 |
Factor 5 (Active Behavior), eigenvalue = 1.31%, variance = 7.46%, accumulated variance = 53.54%, ω = 0.698, mean (SD) = 1.3 (0.6). | ||
4—You have used (drugs) together with your (family member) or in his/her presence. | 0.542 | 0.565 |
5—You have told your (family member) that it is okay to use (drugs) on a few days, on special family occasions, or at social events. | 0.720 | 0.729 |
Factor 6 (Responsibility for Use), eigenvalue = 1.10%, variance = 6.77%, accumulated variance = 60.31%, ω = 0.627, mean (SD) = 2.0 (1.1). | ||
1—You have given money to your (family member) to buy (drugs). | 0.564 | 0.551 |
2—You have taken over tasks from your (family member) because he/she was using (drugs). | 0.658 | 0.711 |
Suitability Parameters | Confirmatory Factorial Model—6 Factors |
---|---|
Global adjustment | |
χ2/g.l. (<5.0) | 2.655 |
Absolute fit index | |
RMR (SRMR) | 0.63 (0.038) |
RMSEA | 0.063 (IC95%: 0.046–0.083) |
GFI | 0.917 |
Incremental fit index | |
TLI | 0.987 |
NFI | 0.916 |
AGFI | 0.961 |
CFI | 0.975 |
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Baptista, H.P.; Constant, H.M.R.M.; Bortolon, C.B.; Barros, H.M.T. The Translated and Adapted Brazilian Version of the Behavioral Enabling Scale for Family Members of Psychoactive Substance Users: An Analysis of the Factorial Structure and Internal Consistency. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091230
Baptista HP, Constant HMRM, Bortolon CB, Barros HMT. The Translated and Adapted Brazilian Version of the Behavioral Enabling Scale for Family Members of Psychoactive Substance Users: An Analysis of the Factorial Structure and Internal Consistency. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(9):1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091230
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaptista, Heloisa Praça, Hilda Maria Rodrigues Moleda Constant, Cassandra Borges Bortolon, and Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros. 2024. "The Translated and Adapted Brazilian Version of the Behavioral Enabling Scale for Family Members of Psychoactive Substance Users: An Analysis of the Factorial Structure and Internal Consistency" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 9: 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091230