International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

17 pages, 316 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Sedentary and Nutritional Behaviour Patterns in Relation to Overweight and Obesity Among Youth from Different Demographic Backgrounds in Saudi Arabia

by Anwar Al-Nuaim and Ayazullah Safi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050813 - 21 May 2025

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased over the last three decades, becoming a major public health concern. This issue is particularly pressing in terms of the impact it has on the population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Thus, [...] Read more.

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased over the last three decades, becoming a major public health concern. This issue is particularly pressing in terms of the impact it has on the population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Thus, the aim of this research was to explore the nutritional and lifestyle habits of youth in the Al-Ahsa region of the KSA. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 1270 secondary-school boys and girls (15–19 years) from all five of the Al-Ahsa Governorate districts. BMI and waist circumference measurements were recorded using anthropometric measurements, and the lifestyle–Arab Teens Lifestyle Survey (ATLS) was used to measure sedentary and eating habits. Results: Chi-square analysis revealed that a higher proportion of females (90.68%) than males (79.18%) exceeded two hours of daily sedentary time. Frequent sugary drink consumption (>3 times per week) was similar in males (67.40%) and females (66.11%). Students from different geographical locations showed significant differences in exceeding cut-off scores for fast food (χ² = 24.503, p < 0.001), cakes/doughnuts (χ² = 8.414, p = 0.015), sweets/candy (χ² = 19.613, p < 0.001), and energy drinks (χ² = 21.650, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Al-Ahsa is the largest governorate in the KSA. It has some of the largest health risks regarding obesity and poor lifestyle habits. This study highlights the major need for future research and policy interventions. Full article

26 pages, 3068 KiB

Open AccessReview

Impact of Climate Change on Schistosomiasis Transmission and Distribution—Scoping Review

by Kwame Kumi Asare, Muhi-Deen Wonwana Mohammed, Yussif Owusu Aboagye, Kathrin Arndts and Manuel Ritter

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 812; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050812 - 21 May 2025

Abstract

Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma and transmitted through freshwater snails, affects over 200 million people worldwide. Climate change, through rising temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events, is influencing the distribution and transmission dynamics [...] Read more.

Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma and transmitted through freshwater snails, affects over 200 million people worldwide. Climate change, through rising temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events, is influencing the distribution and transmission dynamics of schistosomiasis. This scoping review examines the impact of climate change on schistosomiasis transmission and its implications for disease control. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the influence of climate variables (temperature, rainfall, water bodies) on snail populations, transmission dynamics, and the shifting geographic range of schistosomiasis. It also explores the potential effects of climate adaptation policies on disease control. The review follows the Arksey and O’Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, including studies published from 2000 to 2024. Eligible studies were selected based on empirical data on climate change, schistosomiasis transmission, and snail dynamics. A two-stage study selection process was followed: title/abstract screening and full-text review. Data were extracted on environmental factors, snail population dynamics, transmission patterns, and climate adaptation strategies. Climate change is expected to increase schistosomiasis transmission in endemic regions like Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and South America, while some areas, such as parts of West Africa, may see reduced risk. Emerging hotspots were identified in regions not currently endemic. Climate adaptation policies, such as improved water management and early warning systems, were found effective in reducing transmission. Integrating climate adaptation strategies into schistosomiasis control programs is critical to mitigating the disease’s spread, particularly in emerging hotspots and shifting endemic areas. Full article

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26 pages, 1764 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Horizon Scan of Neurotechnology Innovations

by Shona Haston, Sean Gill, Katie Twentyman, Elizabeth Green, Opeyemi Agbeleye, Claire Eastaugh, Dawn Craig, Sonia Garcia Gonzalez-Moral and Andrew Mkwashi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 811; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050811 - 21 May 2025

Abstract

Neurotechnology is a rapidly emerging field with vast potential within healthcare, but also has inherent concerns. There is, therefore, a need to ensure the responsible and ethical development and regulation of these technologies. This horizon scan aimed to provide an overview of neurotechnologies [...] Read more.

Neurotechnology is a rapidly emerging field with vast potential within healthcare, but also has inherent concerns. There is, therefore, a need to ensure the responsible and ethical development and regulation of these technologies. This horizon scan aimed to provide an overview of neurotechnologies in development and those approved by the FDA as of June 2024 for a range of conditions relating to mental health, healthy ageing, and physical disability. Searches of clinical trials, conferences, journals, and news were performed in March 2024. Relevant technologies were identified through a process of screening, data extraction and synthesis. A total of 81 unique neurotechnologies were identified, with 23 relating to mental health, 31 to healthy ageing, and 42 to physical disability. A total of 79% percent did not yet have FDA approval and 77.4% were at earlier stages of development (pilot/feasibility studies), with 22.6% at pivotal or post-market stages. Digital elements were common features of the technologies, including software, apps, and connectivity to other devices; however, there were only three technologies with an identifiable AI component. A complex regulatory landscape and unique ethical and safety concerns associated with neurotechnology could pose challenges to innovators, though the emerging nature of the field also provides an opportunity to pre-emptively address potential issues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Innovations for Health Promotion)

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16 pages, 2076 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hearing Impairment Among Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Rural Eastern Cape: A Retrospective Analysis of Audiometric Findings

by Lindiwe Modest Faye, Mojisola Clara Hosu, Ntandazo Dlatu, Vatiswa Henge-Daweti and Teke Apalata

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 810; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050810 - 21 May 2025

Abstract

Hearing loss (HL) is a major global health concern, with drug-induced ototoxicity contributing significantly, particularly in patients undergoing treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). In South Africa, where both TB and HIV are prevalent, the risk of treatment-related auditory damage is especially high. This [...] Read more.

Hearing loss (HL) is a major global health concern, with drug-induced ototoxicity contributing significantly, particularly in patients undergoing treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). In South Africa, where both TB and HIV are prevalent, the risk of treatment-related auditory damage is especially high. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of hearing impairment among DR-TB patients in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 438 DR-TB patients treated between 2018 and 2020, using pure tone audiometry (PTA) to assess hearing status post-treatment. Demographic, clinical, and lifestyle data were extracted from patient records and analyzed using logistic regression. The overall prevalence of hearing loss was 37.2%. Risk was significantly associated with an older age, a male gender, DR-TB classification (MDR, pre-XDR, and XDR), unsuccessful treatment outcomes, and substance use. Prevalence of HL increased notably in patients aged 70 and older. Lifestyle factors, particularly combined use of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs, were linked to higher odds of HL. These findings underscore the need for routine audiometric screening and personalized treatment monitoring in DR-TB care, especially for high-risk populations. Early identification of ototoxicity risk factors can inform safer treatment regimens and improve patient outcomes in resource-limited settings. Full article

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18 pages, 846 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Economic Evaluation of Proactive PTSI Mitigation Programs for Public Safety Personnel and Frontline Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Hadiseh Azadehyaei, Yue Zhang, Yan Song, Tania Gottschalk and Gregory S. Anderson

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 809; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050809 - 21 May 2025

Abstract

Public safety personnel and frontline healthcare professionals are at increased risk of exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs) and developing post-traumatic stress injuries (PTSIs, e.g., depression, anxiety) by the nature of their work. PTSI is also connected to increased absenteeism, suicidality, and [...] Read more.

Public safety personnel and frontline healthcare professionals are at increased risk of exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs) and developing post-traumatic stress injuries (PTSIs, e.g., depression, anxiety) by the nature of their work. PTSI is also connected to increased absenteeism, suicidality, and performance decrements, which compromise occupational and public health and safety in trauma-exposed workers. There is limited evidence on the cost effectiveness of proactive “prevention” programs aimed at reducing the risk of PTSIs. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to measure the economic effectiveness of proactive PTSI mitigation programs among occupational groups exposed to frequent occupational PPTEs, focusing on the outcomes related to PTSI symptoms, absenteeism, and psychological wellness. Findings from 15 included studies demonstrate that proactive interventions can yield substantial economic and health benefits, with Return On Investment (ROI) values ranging widely from −20% to 3560%. Shorter interventions (≤6 months) often produced higher returns, while longer interventions (>12 months) showed more moderate or negative returns. Notably, the level at which an intervention is targeted significantly affects outcomes—programs aimed at managers, such as the 4 h RESPECT training course, demonstrated a high ROI and broad organizational impact by enhancing leadership support for employee mental health. Sensitivity analyses highlighted significant variability based on the organizational context, program design, and participant characteristics. The majority of proactive interventions successfully reduced psychological distress and enhanced workplace outcomes, although thoughtful consideration of program design and implementation context is essential. Full article

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19 pages, 342 KiB

Open AccessArticle

EAT-Lancet Diet Components Acquisition According to Food Insecurity and Poverty Status in Brazil: An Analysis of National Household Budget Survey 2017–2018

by Eduardo De Carli, Mariana Alves Ferreira, Lucas de Almeida Moura, Valéria Troncoso Baltar and Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050808 - 21 May 2025

Abstract

The EAT-Lancet diet outlines target consumption for specific food components but overlooks accessibility and cost issues, which may hinder adherence among vulnerable populations. This study examines the acquisition profile of EAT-Lancet diet components by food security and poverty status, using data from 57,920 [...] Read more.

The EAT-Lancet diet outlines target consumption for specific food components but overlooks accessibility and cost issues, which may hinder adherence among vulnerable populations. This study examines the acquisition profile of EAT-Lancet diet components by food security and poverty status, using data from 57,920 households in the 2017–2018 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. Poverty and food insecurity were defined according to the World Bank per capita income cutoffs and the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, respectively. Food acquisition was classified into 15 EAT-Lancet diet components and expressed as per capita daily averages (g, % of total available energy, and % of food expenditure), by food security and poverty strata. Brazilian households were 37.9% food-insecure and 12% poor. Compared to more privileged counterparts, these households prioritized the acquisition of staples like refined cereals and legumes over most EAT-Lancet diet adequacy components, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and peanuts. While lower energy shares from moderation components were only slightly evident for red meat and dairy among food-insecure households, pronounced reductions in added sugars and vegetable oils were seen among the poor. These findings suggest that public policies should synergically address particularities of different deprivation contexts to promote sustainable diets in Brazil. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Global Health)

15 pages, 692 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Moving Towards a South African NHI System of Excellence: Recommendations Based on the Insider Perspectives of CHWs as Key Role-Players

by Corlia Janse van Vuuren, Zanette Lowe and Karen Bodenstein

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 807; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050807 - 21 May 2025

Abstract

Aligned with the worldwide shift towards promotional and preventative health care, the South African government has introduced a re-engineered primary health care plan, facilitated through a National Health Insurance (NHI) platform. Community health workers (CHWs) are key role-players in most universal health care [...] Read more.

Aligned with the worldwide shift towards promotional and preventative health care, the South African government has introduced a re-engineered primary health care plan, facilitated through a National Health Insurance (NHI) platform. Community health workers (CHWs) are key role-players in most universal health care systems. This article shares insider perspectives from 31 CHWs in one of the South African NHI pilot districts. Based on their perspectives, the authors share recommendations to strengthen the NHI plan. Recommendations comprise of the inclusion of a dedicated CHW team leader and reporting nurse, ongoing CHW education and training with an accompanying portfolio of evidence, and awareness campaigns on the role of CHWs within the South African re-engineered primary health care plan and NHI platform. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Universal Health Coverage—for a Globally Accessible and Affordable Health Care Service)

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14 pages, 1453 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Neurodegenerative Disease and Association Football (NDAF): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Nathan E. Howarth, Chen Ji, John Batten, Alan J. Pearce, Helen Dawes, Adam J. White, Gabriele DeLuca, Samantha Bureau, Christopher J. Nowinski and Michelle A. Miller

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050806 - 21 May 2025

Abstract

There is increasing concern that head injuries in Association Football (or soccer) may lead to adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether head impacts or injuries are associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease. We performed a [...] Read more.

There is increasing concern that head injuries in Association Football (or soccer) may lead to adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether head impacts or injuries are associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease. We performed a systematic search using PubMed, Embase, and Ovid (up to April 2025). Studies included investigated neurodegenerative diseases in football in comparison to control athletic and general populations. Data were extracted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies with an odds ratio (OR) were included in the meta-analysis. A total of ten studies were included in this review, of which nine were suitable for meta-analysis from eight cohorts. The risk for developing any neurodegeneration was 1.69 OR (95%CI 1.11 to 2.59; p = 0.01); for Dementia, it was 2.16 OR (95%CI 1.60 to 2.93; p < 0.01; for Motor Neurone Disease (MND), it was 1.39 OR (95%CI 0.67 to 2.53; p = 0.21); for Parkinson’s Disease (PD), it was 1.14 OR (95%CI 0.55 to 2.89; p = 0.79). Heterogeneity was reduced following the removal of two studies and the revised risk scores for any neurodegenerative disease; Dementia increased, with that for MND reaching significance, 1.81 OR (95%CI 1.22 to 2.30; p = 0.01), but there remained no association with PD. Evidence suggests that professional football significantly increases the odds of neurodegenerative disease. Full article

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18 pages, 3694 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship Between Brazilian Dietary Patterns and the Global Syndemic: Data from the CUME Study

by Jéssica Bevenuto Mattar, Marcos Heil Costa, Ana Luiza Gomes Domingos, Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff, Adriano Marçal Pimenta and Josefina Bressan

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050805 - 21 May 2025

Abstract

Global food systems are contributing to a shift toward unhealthy diets, which is linked to the three components of the global syndemic. This cross-sectional study evaluates how dietary patterns in Brazil are associated with the components of the global syndemic. Anthropometric and food [...] Read more.

Global food systems are contributing to a shift toward unhealthy diets, which is linked to the three components of the global syndemic. This cross-sectional study evaluates how dietary patterns in Brazil are associated with the components of the global syndemic. Anthropometric and food intake data were obtained from the CUME Study—a prospective cohort conducted with a sample of Brazilian university graduates. BMI was used to assess obesity. Insufficient intake of micronutrients was considered undernutrition. Carbon, water, and ecological footprints were used to assess the environmental impact of dietary patterns. Dietary patterns were identified through principal components analysis. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between dietary patterns and the components of the global syndemic. The Unhealthy Dietary Pattern was positively associated with BMI and had the highest environmental impact. The Brazilian Dietary Pattern was also positively associated with BMI but had the lowest environmental impact. The Healthy Dietary Pattern was the most protective against micronutrient inadequacy. Diet affected the environment and people’s health in this sample. The dietary patterns identified here as contributing to poor health and environmental damage can help the government develop policies that incorporate the costs of these effects into the prices of food. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Food Consumption in the Global Syndemic)

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15 pages, 457 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Level of Patient Satisfaction with Quality of Primary Healthcare in Almaty During COVID-19 Pandemic

by Dinara Shaki, Gulshara Aimbetova, Venera Baysugurova, Marina Kanushina, Aigerim Chegebayeva, Muratkhan Arailym, Erkebulan Merkibekov and Indira Karibayeva

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050804 - 21 May 2025

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction with the quality of healthcare services at selected public primary healthcare facilities in Almaty during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify associated demographic and facility-related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted over a [...] Read more.

Background: This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction with the quality of healthcare services at selected public primary healthcare facilities in Almaty during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify associated demographic and facility-related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted over a period of 6 months, from 30 June to 31 December 2021, through a web-based survey. An adapted questionnaire was employed to survey the respondents. In total, 1035 respondents participated in the study. To examine the relationship between demographic and facility characteristics and patient satisfaction, we utilized the proportional odds model for ordinal logistic regression. Results: A total of eight primary healthcare organizations from the public sector in Almaty participated in the survey. The analysis identified significant demographic predictors of patient satisfaction, such as marital status, social status, self-perceived health, and the use of online consultations. Among the facility-related factors, only the availability of a cross-ventilation system emerged as a significant predictor. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the factors influencing patient satisfaction with primary healthcare services in Almaty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both demographic characteristics and facility-level attributes were found to significantly affect satisfaction levels. These findings underscore the need for targeted structural and organizational improvements in primary healthcare settings, especially during public health emergencies. Addressing these gaps through infrastructural upgrades, enhanced preparedness, and the integration of patient-centered care models can help to bolster trust and resilience within Kazakhstan’s healthcare system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment for COVID-19)

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15 pages, 581 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Cost-Effectiveness of Strategies Addressing Environmental Noise: A Systematic Literature Review

by Nick Verhaeghe, Bo Vandenbulcke, Max Lelie, Lieven Annemans, Steven Simoens and Koen Putman

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 803; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050803 - 21 May 2025

Abstract

Environmental noise, a significant public health concern, is associated with adverse health effects, including cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairments, and psychological distress. Noise reduction strategies are essential for mitigating these effects. Despite evidence of their health benefits, limited information exists on the cost-effectiveness of [...] Read more.

Environmental noise, a significant public health concern, is associated with adverse health effects, including cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairments, and psychological distress. Noise reduction strategies are essential for mitigating these effects. Despite evidence of their health benefits, limited information exists on the cost-effectiveness of such strategies to guide resource allocation. This study systematically reviewed economic evaluation studies of interventions aimed at reducing environmental noise to assess their cost-effectiveness and inform policymaking. A systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted across MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Eligible studies were full economic evaluations addressing environmental noise reduction strategies, assessing both costs and health effects. Screening and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Quality appraisal employed the CHEERS 2022 checklist. Narrative synthesis was used to analyze findings due to heterogeneity in study designs, methodologies, and outcomes. Costs were standardized to 2024 euros. From 2906 identified records, five studies met the inclusion criteria, primarily focused on traffic-related noise. Three studies conducted cost-utility analyses, and two employed cost–benefit analyses. Reported interventions included sound insulation, take-off trajectory adjustments, and noise barriers. Economic evaluations varied significantly in methodologies, cost categories, and health outcomes. The health economic studies yielded mixed results, ranging from findings that demonstrated cost-effectiveness to those where the costs exceeded the benefits. There are currently too few health economic evaluations to draw robust conclusions about the cost-effectiveness of environmental noise mitigation strategies. Future research should adopt standardized approaches and robust sensitivity analyses to enhance evidence quality, enabling informed policy and resource allocation decisions. Full article

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17 pages, 684 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Mental Health in Construction Industry: A Global Review

by Apurva Pamidimukkala, Sharareh Kermanshachi and Deema Nabeel Almaskati

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050802 - 20 May 2025

Abstract

Work-related stress is a major contributing factor to the relatively high number of deaths from suicide and other mental disorders among those who work in the construction industry. Despite the knowledge that unmanaged stress can manifest as depression and ultimately trigger thoughts of [...] Read more.

Work-related stress is a major contributing factor to the relatively high number of deaths from suicide and other mental disorders among those who work in the construction industry. Despite the knowledge that unmanaged stress can manifest as depression and ultimately trigger thoughts of suicide or even the act itself, workers’ mental health is often neglected. This study aims to identify the risk factors that are at the root of the workers’ mental health challenges, as well as the strategies that can be initiated to overcome or at least mitigate them. To accomplish this, a systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA method, and 132 relevant publications that met the pre-defined inclusion criteria were selected for further analysis. From the data analysis, 45 risk factors were identified and classified into five categories based on the literature and the definition of stressors. The most frequently cited mental health risk factors were revealed to be gender inequality (diversity and equity category), poor working conditions (health-related category), work overload (job demand category), poor work–life balance (organizational category), and lack of social support (personal category). Thirty-two (32) intervention strategies were identified and divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary types. It was evident from the findings that combining all three types of interventions is the most effective way to improve the mental health of the construction workforce. The findings from this study provide valuable insights for policymakers and regulatory agencies who develop and implement policies aimed at improving mental health and occupational safety in the construction industry. Full article

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17 pages, 1368 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exploring Hygiene Behaviours Among Child Caregivers in Rural Malawi Using Multilevel Logistic Models

by Collins Anusa, Salule Joseph Masangwi, Kondwani Chidziwisano and Tracy Morse

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050801 - 20 May 2025

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the factors influencing food hygiene behaviours among child caregivers in Chikwawa district, Malawi. This research focused on three specific hygiene behaviours: keeping utensils on an elevated surface, using soap to clean kitchen utensils, and washing hands with soap [...] Read more.

This study aimed to explore the factors influencing food hygiene behaviours among child caregivers in Chikwawa district, Malawi. This research focused on three specific hygiene behaviours: keeping utensils on an elevated surface, using soap to clean kitchen utensils, and washing hands with soap at critical times. These practises are known to contribute to the reduction in diarrhoeal disease. To understand these behaviours, this study utilised multilevel binary logistic models to examine variations at both the household and village levels. The findings reveal that educational background, age group, occupation, self-confidence, intervention, self-will, and perception were the most significant factors influencing food hygiene behaviours. Notably, there were significant variations at the village level (p < 0.00001), while no significant variations were observed at the household level (p > 0.1). Additionally, caregivers from areas where interventions were implemented showed a positive response to these interventions. Full article

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11 pages, 1617 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perceptions of Health Risks and Accessibility: A Social Media-Based Pilot Study of Factors Influencing Use of Vaping and Combustible Tobacco Products

by Enitan Banjo, Zoya Ahadian, Nikita Kasaraneni, Howard Chang, Sarala Perera, Kristen Emory and Laura E. Crotty Alexander

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050800 - 20 May 2025

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Abstract

The prevalence of e-cigarette use (vaping) in young adults is concerning, particularly because the initiation of combustible tobacco use is higher in e-cigarette vapers. It is unclear why young, never-smoker vapers decide to start smoking cigarettes, but they may be influenced by perceptions [...] Read more.

The prevalence of e-cigarette use (vaping) in young adults is concerning, particularly because the initiation of combustible tobacco use is higher in e-cigarette vapers. It is unclear why young, never-smoker vapers decide to start smoking cigarettes, but they may be influenced by perceptions of health risks and accessibility. We designed a social media questionnaire to assess factors driving the initiation of combustible tobacco use by e-cigarette vapers (multi-inhalant use) and switches between inhalant types. Respondents reported an earlier initiation of combustible tobacco versus vaping (18 vs. 19, respectively, p < 0.0001), greater ease of obtaining combustibles versus vaping products (p < 0.01), and pleasure of vaping being equivalent to that of smoking. The majority of subjects (57%) reported smoking first prior to adding vaping devices, 32% reported initiating both smoking and vaping within 12 months of one another, and 11% reported initiating vaping first. Among respondents (n = 864) who switched from vaping to smoking (n = 104), the primary reasons included 1. the perception that smoking was healthier (44%) and 2. greater accessibility of cigarettes (40%). For those who switched from smoking to vaping (n = 178), the predominant motivations included 1. having friends or family who vape (40%) and 2. the perception that vaping was healthier (36%). Among multi-inhalant users (n = 223), key factors driving this behavior included 1. increased enjoyment (47%) and 2. greater variety (42%). Our findings imply that there is no single, dominant reason driving the initiation of combustible use or switching from one inhalant to another. Further, tobacco users are receiving mixed messaging, leading many to believe that combustible tobacco is the healthier option. Public health interventions are needed to prevent the initiation of e-cigarette vaping by youth and to educate the public about the health effects of tobacco products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulating the Use of Electronic Devices for Vaping and Vaping to Promote Youth and Young Adult Health)

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35 pages, 1464 KiB

Open AccessReview

Pharmaceuticals and Microplastics in Aquatic Environments: A Comprehensive Review of Pathways and Distribution, Toxicological and Ecological Effects

by Haithem Aib, Md. Sohel Parvez and Herta Mária Czédli

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 799; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050799 - 20 May 2025

Viewed by 287

Abstract

Pharmaceuticals and microplastics are persistent emerging contaminants that pose significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and ecological health. Although extensively reviewed individually, a comprehensive, integrated assessment of their environmental pathways, bioaccumulation dynamics, and toxicological impacts remains limited. This review synthesizes current research on the [...] Read more.

Pharmaceuticals and microplastics are persistent emerging contaminants that pose significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and ecological health. Although extensively reviewed individually, a comprehensive, integrated assessment of their environmental pathways, bioaccumulation dynamics, and toxicological impacts remains limited. This review synthesizes current research on the environmental fate and impact of pharmaceuticals and microplastics, emphasizing their combined influence on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. This review provides a thorough and comprehensive examination of their predominant pathways, sources, and distribution, highlighting wastewater disposal, agricultural runoff, and atmospheric deposition. Studies indicate that pharmaceuticals, such as antibiotics and painkillers, are detected in concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L in surface waters, while MPs are found in densities up to 106 particles/m³ in some marine and freshwater systems. The toxicological effects of these pollutants on aquatic organisms, particularly fish, are discussed, with emphasis on bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain, physiological effects including effects on growth, reproduction, immune system performance, and behavioral changes. The ecological consequences, including disruptions to trophic dynamics and ecosystem stability, are also addressed. Although valuable efforts, mitigation and remediation strategies remain inadequate, and further research is needed because they do not capture the scale and complexity of these hazards. This review highlights the urgent need to advance treatment technologies, establish comprehensive regulatory frameworks, and organize intensive research on long-term ecological impacts to address the environmental threats posed by pharmaceuticals and microplastics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sciences)

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1 pages, 172 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Ebrahim et al. The Prevalence of Falls Among Older Adults Living in Long-Term Care Facilities in the City of Cape Town. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 432

by Nabilah Ebrahim, Jaron Ras, Rucia November and Lloyd Leach

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 798; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050798 - 20 May 2025

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Abstract

Jaron Ras and Rucia November were not included as authors in the original publication [...] Full article

17 pages, 371 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Community Engagement Within the Evaluation of Public Policies for Zoonotic Spillover Prevention: A Secondary Matrix Analysis

by Nicole Redvers, Yasaman Mohammadi Kamalabadi, Danya Carroll, Mohammad Yasir Essar and Omnia El Omrani

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050797 - 18 May 2025

Viewed by 270

Abstract

Despite the overall health, economic, and social costs of zoonotic spillover, its impacts are not felt equally around the globe. Engaging local communities in primary spillover prevention may help to better ensure equity is considered in research and policy-making activities. Our study aimed [...] Read more.

Despite the overall health, economic, and social costs of zoonotic spillover, its impacts are not felt equally around the globe. Engaging local communities in primary spillover prevention may help to better ensure equity is considered in research and policy-making activities. Our study aimed to gain an understanding of how and at what level community engagement (CE) has been incorporated into the evaluation of public policies for zoonotic spillover prevention. We conducted a secondary analysis on an existing dataset from a systematic review, beginning with a structured deductive content analysis. A secondary matrix of analysis was engaged using an adapted CE tool for screening the included articles based on their level of CE. We then characterized relevant themes based on the CE elements within the included articles. Of the 95 articles included, 55 had no level of CE reported. Among the included articles that had some level of CE, elements included the platforming of community consultation, community training for involvement in spillover prevention research, cultural and language considerations being engaged, community protection and awareness programmes for public health and biosecurity, and community-centered data collection processes being engaged. Our findings highlight the persistent equity gaps in appropriately engaging affected communities within the evaluation of public policies for spillover prevention. Full article

46 pages, 698 KiB

Open AccessReview

Social Eating Among Child and Adult Hospital Patients: A Scoping Review

by Emily Barnes, Rebecca O’Connell, Claire Thompson, Jessica Brock, Caroline Heyes and Nancy Bostock

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 796; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050796 - 18 May 2025

Viewed by 95

Abstract

Current policy attention to the ‘public plate’ includes a focus on food in hospitals. Recommendations for much-needed improvements include the provision of opportunities for patients to engage in ‘social dining’, which has been shown to have a range of benefits for health and [...] Read more.

Current policy attention to the ‘public plate’ includes a focus on food in hospitals. Recommendations for much-needed improvements include the provision of opportunities for patients to engage in ‘social dining’, which has been shown to have a range of benefits for health and well-being. However, there has been no synthesis of the literature on the topic to date. This scoping review sets out to identify and examine different types of evidence on social dining in the hospital context, factors shaping its implementation and impact, and knowledge gaps. Following comprehensive searches of two databases and a thorough screening process, 38 papers were included in the review. The outcomes and impacts of social dining were measured in a variety of ways across the studies. Social dining in hospitals can impact dietary intake and nutritional outcomes and have implications for patient well-being. These effects are moderated by a range of factors, including the age and needs of the patient group, eating environment, and presence of staff and visitors. Future research needs to focus on children and their families, an under-researched patient group that may be especially likely to benefit from the opportunity to eat with others in the hospital. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Child Welfare and Health Care)

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16 pages, 615 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Need for Recovery and Work–Family Conflict in the Armed Forces: A Latent Profile Analysis of Job Demands and Resources

by Francesco Pace, Cristina Moavero, Giuditta Cusimano and Giulia Sciotto

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 795; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050795 - 18 May 2025

Viewed by 215

Abstract

Building on the Job Demands–Resources model, this study aims to investigate the interaction between job characteristics and work-related stress indicators in a sample of 211 Italian Armed Forces personnel. Using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), three distinct profiles emerged based on job demands (workload [...] Read more.

Building on the Job Demands–Resources model, this study aims to investigate the interaction between job characteristics and work-related stress indicators in a sample of 211 Italian Armed Forces personnel. Using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), three distinct profiles emerged based on job demands (workload and perception of performing high-risk work) and resources (relationships with colleagues and supervisors, perceived meaningfulness of work, and feedback received on quality of work). The first profile, characterized by high demands and low resources, was associated with higher levels of work–family conflict and need for recovery (an indicator of perceived fatigue at the end of the workday). The second profile, characterized by high resources and low demands, showed the lowest levels of both need for recovery and work–family conflict, while the third profile showed average scores on demands, resources, and outcome variables. These findings are in line with the chosen theoretical framework and prompt several reflections on work-related well-being in the armed forces and what can promote it. Stemming from the results is the importance of organizational interventions designed to protect employees’ well-being and support their effective functioning. Such interventions are particularly critical within the armed forces context, where operational performance has a direct impact on the safety and well-being of citizens. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health and Safety in the Workplace)

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14 pages, 309 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Attachment Type, Relationship Characteristics, and Sexual Function of Women: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Analysis

by Ioulia Kokka, Paraskevi Sotiropoulou and Iraklis Mourikis

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050794 - 18 May 2025

Viewed by 229

Abstract

Background: Research has underscored that the attachment type could explain the association between sexual behavior and relational satisfaction. This study aimed to explore the relationship between attachment type, sexual function, and relationship characteristics of adult women. Methods: This cross-sectional study included an a [...] Read more.

Background: Research has underscored that the attachment type could explain the association between sexual behavior and relational satisfaction. This study aimed to explore the relationship between attachment type, sexual function, and relationship characteristics of adult women. Methods: This cross-sectional study included an a priori calculated sample of 304 women, who completed the Female Sexual Function Index, the Relationship Assessment Scale, and the Experiences in Close Relationships—Revised Scale. Results: Women with anxious attachment types reported higher levels of sexual arousal, orgasm, and satisfaction compared to other types, suggesting that emotional insecurity may intensify sexual intimacy within relationships. Overall, relational satisfaction was positively associated with various aspects of sexual function, particularly arousal and orgasmic function. Specifically, anxious attachment was associated with higher levels of sexual arousal, orgasm, and overall satisfaction, emphasizing the impact of relational dynamics on sexual well-being. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the significant role of attachment patterns and relational satisfaction in shaping women’s sexual function and experiences. The results suggest that therapeutic interventions aiming at the improvement of women’s sexual health should consider both attachment type and relational satisfaction as these factors are integral to the quality of sexual experience. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral and Mental Health)

16 pages, 600 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sexual and Reproductive Health Behaviors Among Young Black Women in the U.S. Before the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights for Addressing Future Challenges in STI and Pregnancy Prevention Within Key Female Populations

by Laurenia C. Mangum and Jaih Craddock

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050793 - 17 May 2025

Viewed by 327

Abstract

New STI/HIV diagnoses disproportionately impact U.S. Black cisgender women at higher rates compared to other racial/ethnic U.S. cisgender women. Biomedical HIV prevention interventions, such as HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, have demonstrated lower uptake among Black women. Given the need to further develop prevention interventions [...] Read more.

New STI/HIV diagnoses disproportionately impact U.S. Black cisgender women at higher rates compared to other racial/ethnic U.S. cisgender women. Biomedical HIV prevention interventions, such as HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, have demonstrated lower uptake among Black women. Given the need to further develop prevention interventions that meet the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of U.S. Black women, this study aimed to identify and characterize condom use behaviors, sexual communication efficacy, and SRH healthcare utilization among sexually experienced young Black women (YBW) aged 18–25 (N = 206). Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing sexual and conception vulnerability, sexual/reproductive healthcare utilization, and sexual communication efficacy. Descriptive statistics and univariate analyses were conducted to identify correlations in sexual and reproductive behaviors. The results showed that 32% of YBW used a condom during their last sexual encounter. Five distinct trends in condom use were identified, three of which included condomless vaginal/oral sex. YBW reported high levels of sexual communication with sexual partners and consistent engagement in sexual/reproductive health care, including abortion care. Young Black women have diverse sexual/reproductive health needs and require culturally responsive patient-centered clinical practices aimed at reducing STI/HIV rates and unintended pregnancies. Future research could examine healthcare providers’ understanding of Black women’s SRH priorities and assess how this knowledge aligns with or diverges from established clinical guidelines and best practices. Such inquiries could illuminate potential gaps in provider education and clinical practice, ultimately informing the development of care models that are both evidence-based and responsive to the lived experiences of young Black women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health)

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20 pages, 2189 KiB

Open AccessReview

E-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury: A Comprehensive Review

by Mohammad Asim Amjad, Daniel Ocazionez Trujillo, Rosa M. Estrada-Y-Martin and Sujith V. Cherian

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050792 - 17 May 2025

Viewed by 133

Abstract

E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) is a critical and potentially fatal form of lung injury that gained considerable public health concern in 2019. The use of e-cigarettes and vaping products is causally associated with EVALI, a condition characterized by a [...] Read more.

E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) is a critical and potentially fatal form of lung injury that gained considerable public health concern in 2019. The use of e-cigarettes and vaping products is causally associated with EVALI, a condition characterized by a constellation of respiratory symptoms, such as coughing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. This comprehensive narrative literature review explores the complexities of EVALI, including its association with the structure and composition of e-cigarettes and its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical and radiological manifestations, management strategies, and public health implications. Moreover, it uncovers the long-term repercussions of EVALI and underscores the ongoing research endeavors designed to mitigate and comprehend the risks associated with using e-cigarettes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue E-cigarettes and Vaping Products: Health Effects and Toxicological Impacts)

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15 pages, 363 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impaired Responses to In Vitro Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Stimulation After Long-Term, Rotating Shift Work

by Denise M. Jackson and Oscar Castanon-Cervantes

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050791 - 17 May 2025

Viewed by 87

Abstract

Shift work is a common labor practice affecting nearly 30% of the U.S. workforce. Long-term, rotating-shift work is particularly harmful to health. Persistent sleep deprivation in shift workers, among other factors, facilitates the development of a state of subclinical but chronic systemic inflammation [...] Read more.

Shift work is a common labor practice affecting nearly 30% of the U.S. workforce. Long-term, rotating-shift work is particularly harmful to health. Persistent sleep deprivation in shift workers, among other factors, facilitates the development of a state of subclinical but chronic systemic inflammation with a high incidence and prevalence of infections and inflammation-related pathologies, suggesting an underlying disruption of immune responses. However, despite this state of chronic immune activation, cell-mediated inflammatory responses in rotating-shift workers are poorly understood. Here, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from rotating-shift workers and healthy day-shift workers and investigate their immune responses. The results showed that PBMCs from rotating-shift workers had a dampened inflammatory response. Specifically, the secretion of LPS-induced TNF-α in culture supernatants was significantly reduced compared to the response found in PBMCs from day-shift workers. However, anti-inflammatory responses, reflected by the secretion of LPS-induced IL-10, were indistinguishable between PBMCs from day-shift and rotating-shift workers. In addition, the correlation between the plasma concentration of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP, a marker of systemic inflammation) and LPS-induced responses was disrupted only in rotating-shift workers, suggesting that in this group, an impaired mechanism that weakens the relationship between pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling may underlie the hypo-responsiveness of PBMCs. Our results suggest that persistent subclinical systemic inflammation in rotating-shift workers disrupts cell-mediated immunity, increasing the risk of infection and other inflammation-related pathologies in this population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring the Link—Better Sleep Equals Better Health)

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12 pages, 256 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Profile of Executive Functioning and Lifetime History of Acquired Brain Injury in Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness: A Pilot Study

by Nicole Viola, Julianna M. Nemeth, Alice Hinton and Jennifer P. Lundine

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050790 - 17 May 2025

Viewed by 157

Abstract

(1) Background: Housing instability is a public health issue in both developed and developing countries. This exploratory pilot study examines executive functioning (EF) and the history of acquired brain injury (ABI) in youth and young adults experiencing homelessness (YYEH). (2) Methods: Twenty-three YYEH [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Housing instability is a public health issue in both developed and developing countries. This exploratory pilot study examines executive functioning (EF) and the history of acquired brain injury (ABI) in youth and young adults experiencing homelessness (YYEH). (2) Methods: Twenty-three YYEH (ages 18–25; 48% male) were recruited from a drop-in center in Central Ohio. The Ohio State University TBI Identification Method (OSU TBI-ID+ABI) was used to screen for exposure to ABI. Outcomes were measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function for Adults (BRIEF-A) and the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery. (3) Results: Eighty-seven percent of participants reported a lifetime history of ABI, including traumatic brain injury or hypoxic-anoxic brain injury. Overall, participants did not present with elevated EF scores on outcome measures. Those with multiple lifetime ABIs (n = 16) had significantly higher scores than those with a single ABI (n = 4), representing poorer EF, on shift, self-monitor, task monitor, and the Global Executive Composite of the BRIEF-A. There was no evidence of significant differences between participants on outcome measures based on injury mechanism. (4) Conclusions: In this pilot sample, those with multiple reported ABIs demonstrated decreased EF performance, and these differences were noted in specific areas of EF. To ensure YYEH have access to services, resource support and intervention providers should consider the cognitive profiles of the youth they serve. Full article

17 pages, 1070 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Barriers and Facilitators to Engagement in Collective Gardening Among Black African Immigrants in Alberta, Canada

by Destiny Otoadese, Issa Kamara and Elizabeth Onyango

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 789; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050789 - 16 May 2025

Viewed by 69

Abstract

Background: Community gardens are increasingly popular in Canadian cities, serving as transformative spaces where immigrants can develop self-reliant strategies for accessing culturally familiar and healthy nutritious foods. However, numerous facilitators and barriers exist that limit the engagement of racialized groups such as Black-identifying [...] Read more.

Background: Community gardens are increasingly popular in Canadian cities, serving as transformative spaces where immigrants can develop self-reliant strategies for accessing culturally familiar and healthy nutritious foods. However, numerous facilitators and barriers exist that limit the engagement of racialized groups such as Black-identifying immigrants. Using a socio-ecological framework, this research explores barriers and facilitators of engagement of Black African immigrants in collective community gardening in Alberta, Canada. Methods: The study adopted a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach using mixed methods. Data collection included structured surveys (n = 119) to assess general engagement, facilitators, and barriers; in-depth interviews (n = 10) to explore lived experiences; and Afrocentric sharing circles (n = 2) to probe collective perspectives in relation to engagement in collective gardening. Participants were purposefully recruited through community networks within African immigrant-serving community organizations. Results: Our findings revealed how barriers at various levels of the socio-ecological model (SEM) interact to shape the interest and engagement of African immigrants in collective community gardening. Access to collective gardens was associated with significant benefits, including maintaining healthy foodways, knowledge exchange, growing social capital, and community connections that support overall wellbeing. Conclusions: This study contributes an accessible framework for understanding and addressing the complex barriers that limit engagement in community gardens for vulnerable communities, while highlighting opportunities for creating more inclusive and culturally responsive urban agriculture initiatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Migrant Health and Newly Emerging Public Health Issues)

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16 pages, 288 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Perceived Acoustic Environment Exposure and Nonrestorative Sleep with Cognitive Functioning Among Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey

by Krista Ching Wai Chung, Sujin Nam, Jojo Yan Yan Kwok, Naomi Takemura, Hugh Davies, Lixi Huang and Daniel Yee Tak Fong

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050788 - 16 May 2025

Viewed by 88

Abstract

Despite the growing emphasis on cognitive health, evidence regarding individual and environmental factors influencing cognitive functioning remains limited. We aimed to examine the association of personal and environmental factors, specifically perceived acoustic environment exposure and nonrestorative sleep, with cognitive functioning among Chinese adults. [...] Read more.

Despite the growing emphasis on cognitive health, evidence regarding individual and environmental factors influencing cognitive functioning remains limited. We aimed to examine the association of personal and environmental factors, specifically perceived acoustic environment exposure and nonrestorative sleep, with cognitive functioning among Chinese adults. Between July and August 2022, we recruited 970 Chinese adults from all districts in Hong Kong for our cross-sectional study. Univariable and structured multiphase linear regression analyses were conducted to identify the contributory factors. Among 970 Chinese adults, the structured multiphase linear regression model revealed that being in their 30s (β = 0.160; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.315) and 40s (β = 0.186; 95% CI: 0.029, 0.343), being female (β = 0.095; 95% CI: 0.018, 0.173), being former smokers, and having medical consultations, medical histories (eczema, hearing problems, and insomnia), perceived acoustic environment exposure (traffic and mechanical sounds (β = 0.011; 95% CI: 0.008, 0.013), nature and music sounds (β = 0.004; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.007), and human sounds (β = 0.002; 95% CI: 0.0004, 0.005)), and psychological symptoms (perceived stress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms) were associated with worse cognitive functioning. Moreover, more nonrestorative sleep (β = −0.015; 95% CI: −0.022, −0.007) was also associated with worse cognitive functioning. This study revealed that increased perceived acoustic environment exposure and a higher degree of nonrestorative sleep were associated with poorer cognitive functioning among Chinese adults. This underscores the need for public health strategies and policies aimed at fostering a healthy acoustic environment and promoting sleep hygiene education in the community. Full article

20 pages, 3790 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Epidemiological Trends in Mesothelioma Mortality in Colombia (1997–2022): A Retrospective National Study

by Luisa F. Moyano-Ariza, Guillermo Villamizar, Giana Henríquez-Mendoza, Arthur Frank and Gabriel Camero

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 787; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050787 - 16 May 2025

Viewed by 273

Abstract

Background: Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer primarily caused by asbestos exposure. In Colombia, asbestos use began in 1942, but mortality surveillance remains limited. Long latency periods and poor documentation hinder public health action. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was [...] Read more.

Background: Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer primarily caused by asbestos exposure. In Colombia, asbestos use began in 1942, but mortality surveillance remains limited. Long latency periods and poor documentation hinder public health action. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using mortality data from 1997 to 2022 obtained from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE), including all mesothelioma cases recorded under the five ICD-10 diagnostic categories (C45.0 to C45.9), covering all anatomical sites of first occurrence. Variables analyzed included sex, age, occupation, and place of residence. Mortality rates and trends were estimated using R, Excel, JoinPoint, and Minitab. Results: A total of 1539 mesothelioma deaths were recorded. Most occurred in men (65.1%) and in individuals over 60 years old (62.6%). Urban areas accounted for 92% of deaths. The most frequent diagnosis was unspecified mesothelioma (61.3%). Cities with the highest adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants were Sibaté (38.36), Soacha (8.41), and Bogotá (1.89), aligning with historical exposure zones. Conclusions: Mesothelioma is still a preventable public health issue in Colombia, with sustained mortality affecting even working-age populations. The high rate of unspecified diagnoses and weak linkage between morbidity and mortality data underscore the need to strengthen diagnostic capacity, improve surveillance, and implement a national asbestos-related disease elimination strategy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Epidemiology and Global Health)

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12 pages, 236 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inxeba Elinga Phakathi: The Danger of Mental Health Invisibility and the Role of Social Community Caregiving

by Nobuntu Penxa-Matholeni

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050786 - 16 May 2025

Viewed by 54

Abstract

The stigma and invisibility surrounding mental health often lead to alienation and reinforce societal misconceptions. This paper examines how the concept of inxeba elingaphakathi (the invisible wound) in isiXhosa encapsulates the emotional and psychological pain frequently overlooked in mental health discussions, particularly among [...] Read more.

The stigma and invisibility surrounding mental health often lead to alienation and reinforce societal misconceptions. This paper examines how the concept of inxeba elingaphakathi (the invisible wound) in isiXhosa encapsulates the emotional and psychological pain frequently overlooked in mental health discussions, particularly among Black South African women. Employing an Indigenous storytelling methodology, the study explores how social community caregiving can illuminate these hidden wounds and challenge prevailing stigma. By analyzing the societal factors shaping mental health perceptions, this research advocates for a culturally grounded approach to healing and belonging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue SDG 3 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Emerging Public Health Issues)

15 pages, 634 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Temporomandibular Disorder Signs and Symptoms in CrossFit^® Athletes and Sedentary Individuals

by Ana Paula Varela Brown Martins, Ranele Luiza Ferreira Cardoso, Caio César Ferreira Versiani de Andrade, Júlia Meller Dias de Oliveira, Maria Beatriz Freitas D’Arce, Adriana Barbosa Ribeiro, Carolina Noronha Ferraz de Arruda, Juliana Silva Ribeiro de Andrade, Bianca Miarka and Maurício Malheiros Badaró

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 785; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050785 - 16 May 2025

Viewed by 63

Abstract

(1) Background: A sedentary lifestyle may aggravate temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms, increasing pain sensitivity and functional limitations. Physical exercise is recommended for pain management and improving quality of life. Comparing CrossFit^® athletes to sedentary individuals allows for examining whether regular high-intensity exercise [...] Read more.

(1) Background: A sedentary lifestyle may aggravate temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms, increasing pain sensitivity and functional limitations. Physical exercise is recommended for pain management and improving quality of life. Comparing CrossFit^® athletes to sedentary individuals allows for examining whether regular high-intensity exercise impacts pain sensitivity and functional limitations associated with TMD. This cross-sectional study assessed the signs and symptoms of TMD in CrossFit^® athletes compared to sedentary individuals. (2) Methods: Participants (n = 121) were divided into four groups: sedentary with TMD (n = 39), sedentary without TMD (n = 37), CrossFit^® athletes with TMD (n = 23), and CrossFit^® athletes without TMD (n = 22). TMD signs and symptoms were evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) axis I, including mandibular movement patterns, range of motion, joint sounds, muscle pain, and jaw dysfunctions. Statistical analyses included chi-square and Dunn’s post hoc tests, ANOVA, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to examine associations between CrossFit^® practice and TMD (p ≤ 0.05). (3) Results: Myofascial pain was the most common diagnosis. All athlete groups exhibited greater mandibular movement amplitudes (unassisted opening without pain, p < 0.001, and protrusion, p = 0.039) and less pain (p < 0.001) than sedentary individuals. Pain reports and palpation-induced pain in muscles and joints were significantly associated with a sedentary lifestyle and TMD (p < 0.001). Joint and muscle pain were more prevalent (frequent) among sedentary participants, regardless of TMD diagnosis. Linear regression analysis showed that sedentary individuals without TMD had significantly reduced unassisted mouth opening amplitudes compared to athletes without TMD (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Pain in the masseter, temporalis, posterior digastric, and medial pterygoid muscles was the most common symptom in sedentary individuals with TMD. They experience higher frequency and intensity of pain, as well as greater limitations in mouth movement. Athletes showed higher frequency of joint noises. Full article

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23 pages, 345 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Beyond Individual Coping: The Role of Social Capital in Community-Based Mental Health Support for Displaced Somali Youth

by Hyojin Im, Shinhye Lee, Abdulkadir Warsame and Maimuna Isse

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050784 - 15 May 2025

Viewed by 163

Abstract

Somali refugee youth face intersecting stressors related to displacement, economic hardship, and systemic exclusion, yet their coping strategies remain understudied. This study examines the psychosocial distress, coping mechanisms, and help-seeking behaviors of Somali refugee youth in Nairobi’s urban displacement context using a mixed-methods [...] Read more.

Somali refugee youth face intersecting stressors related to displacement, economic hardship, and systemic exclusion, yet their coping strategies remain understudied. This study examines the psychosocial distress, coping mechanisms, and help-seeking behaviors of Somali refugee youth in Nairobi’s urban displacement context using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative analyses assess the prevalence of stressors, coping strategies, and perceived support, while qualitative responses provide insight into lived experiences. Findings reveal that 72% of participants reported distress linked to economic insecurity (15.9%), family separation (16.9%), or refugee-related adversities (13.2%). Religious coping (59.5%) and self-care practices (60.5%) were the most frequently used strategies, while 15.8% relied on avoidance-based methods. Help-seeking patterns showed that 76.7% of participants were willing to seek help in general, but only 40.7% did so for emotional issues, with mothers and same-sex friends being primary sources. Regression analysis (R² = 0.507, p < 0.001) showed that scope of community (β = 0.417, p = 0.001), trust in bonding social capital (β = 0.343, p = 0.012), and perceived community violence (β = 0.346, p = 0.003) were positively associated with perceived support. In contrast, help-seeking intention (β = −0.206, p = 0.049) was negatively associated with perceived support. Other variables—including religious coping, emotional coping, age, gender, and bridging trust—were not significant predictors. These findings underscore the need for community-driven mental health interventions that strengthen existing social structures while integrating culturally adapted service models. Leveraging social capital is essential for fostering sustainable, accessible, and community-based mental health support for displaced Somali youth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Community-Based Mental Health Promotion and Psychosocial Support)

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, Volume 22, Issue 5 (May 2025) – 159 articles

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