Timing of Surgery and Social Determinants of Health Related to Pathologic Complete Response after Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Adenocarcinoma: Retrospective Study of National Cancer Database
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Factors Associated with pCR
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Rest Period (Weeks) | OR | (95% CI) |
---|---|---|
0.1531428528 | 0.747 | (0.577, 0.968) |
4.0 (ref) | 1.000 | (1.000, 1.000) |
4.1348570251 | 1.010 | (1.001, 1.019) |
14.701713867 | 1.494 | (1.132, 1.972) |
14.85485672 | 1.494 | (1.131, 1.973) |
15.007999573 | 1.494 | (1.131, 1.974) |
15.161142426 | 1.494 | (1.131, 1.975) |
15.314285278 | 1.494 | (1.130, 1.976) |
15.467428131 | 1.494 | (1.129, 1.977) |
15.620570984 | 1.494 | (1.129, 1.978) |
15.773713837 | 1.494 | (1.128, 1.978) |
15.926856689 | 1.494 | (1.127, 1.979) |
26.95314209 | 1.357 | (1.001, 1.840) |
76.571426392 | 0.733 | (0.249, 2.159) |
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Overall (N = 5997) | No pCR (n = 4888) | pCR (n = 1109) | pCR Rate | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | |||||
Mean (SD 1) | 56.5 (11.4) | 56.6 (11.5) | 56.3 (11.2) | 0.483 | |
18–39 years old | 464 (7.7%) | 380 (7.8%) | 84 (7.6%) | 18.1% | 0.221 |
40–49 years old | 1089 (18.2%) | 879 (18.0%) | 210 (18.9%) | 19.3% | |
50–59 years old (Ref) | 1979 (33.0%) | 1622 (33.2%) | 357 (32.2%) | 18.0% | |
60–69 years old | 1705 (28.4%) | 1378 (28.2%) | 327 (29.5%) | 19.2% | |
70–79 years old | 669 (11.2%) | 546 (11.2%) | 123 (11.1%) | 18.4% | |
80+ years old | 91 (1.5%) | 83 (1.7%) | 8 (0.7%) | 0.7% | |
Sex | |||||
Male (Ref) | 3736 (62.3%) | 3220 (62.2%) | 516 (62.9%) | 13.8% | 0.689 |
Female | 2261 (37.7%) | 1957 (37.8%) | 304 (37.1%) | 13.5% | |
Race/Ethnicity | |||||
Non-Hispanic White (Ref) | 4529 (75.5%) | 3682 (75.3%) | 847 (76.4%) | 18.7% | 0.871 |
Hispanic/Latinx | 625 (10.4%) | 516 (10.6%) | 79 (9.8%) | 17.4% | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 454 (7.6%) | 375 (7.7%) | 109 (7.1%) | 17.4% | |
Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander | 286 (4.8%) | 230 (4.7%) | 56 (5.1%) | 19.6% | |
Other/unknown | 103 (1.7%) | 85 (1.7%) | 18 (1.6%) | 17.5% | |
Community education measure 2 | |||||
>15.3% | 993 (16.6%) | 836 (17.1%) | 157 (14.2%) | 15.8% | 0.011 |
9.1–15.2% | 1342 (22.4%) | 1109 (22.7%) | 233 (21.0%) | 17.4% | |
5.0–9.0% | 1534 (25.6%) | 1239 (25.4%) | 295 (26.6%) | 19.2% | |
<5.0% (ref) | 1210 (20.2%) | 952 (19.5%) | 258 (23.3%) | 21.3% | |
Unknown | 918 (15.3%) | 752 (15.4%) | 952 (15.0%) | 18.1% | |
Income | |||||
<USD 46,277 | 749 (12.5%) | 629 (12.9%) | 120 (10.8%) | 16.0% | 0.107 |
USD 46,277–USD 57,856 | 1015 (16.9%) | 824 (16.9%) | 191 (17.2%) | 18.8% | |
USD 57,856–USD 74,062 | 1282 (21.4%) | 1057 (21.6%) | 225 (20.3%) | 17.6% | |
USD 74,062 or more (Ref) | 2018 (33.7%) | 1612 (33.0%) | 406 (36.6%) | 20.1% | |
Unknown | 933 (15.6%) | 766 (15.7%) | 167 (15.1%) | 17.9% | |
Year of Diagnosis | |||||
2016 (Ref) | 396 (6.6%) | 338 (6.1%) | 58 (9.8%) | 14.7% | 0.018 |
2017 | 518 (8.6%) | 439 (8.5%) | 79 (9.6%) | 15.3% | |
2018 | 1339 (22.3%) | 1088 (21.9%) | 251 (25.1%) | 18.8% | |
2019 | 1897 (31.6%) | 1552 (32.8%) | 345 (24.3%) | 18.2% | |
2020 | 1847 (30.8%) | 1471 (30.7%) | 376 (31.2%) | 20.4% | |
Facility type | |||||
Academic/Research Program (Ref) | 2290 (38.2%) | 1874 (38.3%) | 416 (37.5%) | 18.2% | 0.842 |
Comprehensive Community Cancer Program | 1757 (29.3%) | 1438 (29.4%) | 319 (28.8%) | 18.2% | |
Integrated Network Cancer Program | 1256 (20.9%) | 1012 (20.7%) | 244 (22.0%) | 19.4% | |
Community Cancer Program | 230 (3.8%) | 184 (3.8%) | 46 (4.2%) | 20.0% | |
Unknown | 464 (7.7%) | 380 (7.8%) | 84 (7.6%) | 18.1% | |
Metro/urban/rural area | |||||
Metro/urban (Ref) | 5549 (92.5%) | 4512 (92.3%) | 1037 (93.5%) | 18.7% | 0.279 |
Rural | 253 (4.2%) | 209 (4.3%) | 44 (4.0%) | 17.4% | |
Unknown | 28 (3.3%) | 167 (3.4%) | 28 (2.5%) | 14.4% | |
Distance traveled | |||||
0–30 miles (Ref) | 3925 (65.5%) | 3173 (64.9%) | 752 (67.8%) | 19.2% | 0.094 |
More than 30 miles | 1197 (20.0%) | 1001 (20.5%) | 196 (17.7%) | 16.4% | |
Unknown | 875 (14.6%) | 714 (14.6% | 161 (14.5%) | 18.4% | |
Primary payer | |||||
Private insurance/managed care (Ref) | 3452 (57.6%) | 2783 (56.9%) | 669 (60.3%) | 19.4% | 0.019 |
Medicare | 1495 (24.9%) | 1218 (24.9%) | 277 (25.0%) | 18.5% | |
Medicaid | 653 (10.9%) | 563 (11.5%) | 90 (8.1%) | 13.8% | |
Uninsured | 241 (4.0%) | 199 (4.1%) | 42 (3.8%) | 17.4% | |
Other/Unknown | 156 (2.6%) | 125 (2.6%) | 31 (2.8%) | 19.9% |
Overall (N = 5997) | No pCR (n = 4888) | pCR (n = 1109) | pCR Rate | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical Stage | |||||
Stage I (T2N0M0) | 63 (1.1%) | 48 (1.0%) | 15 (1.4%) | 23.8% | 0.547 |
Stage II | 1027 (17.1%) | 839 (17.2%) | 188 (17.0%) | 18.3% | |
Stage III (Ref) | 4907 (81.8%) | 4001 (81.9%) | 906 (81.7%) | 18.5% | |
Initial tumor size (mm) | |||||
Median (IQR) | 50 (35–66) | 50 (35–66) | 50 (38–66) | 0.48 | |
Charlson–Deyo score | |||||
0 (Ref) | 4815 (80.3%) | 3916 (80.1%) | 899 (81.1%) | 18.7% | 0.473 |
1 or more | 1182 (19.7%) | 972 (19.9%) | 210 (19.0%) | 17.8% | |
Order of chemotherapy | |||||
Induction chemotherapy (Ref) | 5177 (86.3%) | 4221 (86.2%) | 966 (87.1%) | 18.7% | 0.403 |
Consolidative chemotherapy | 820 (13.7%) | 677 (13.9%) | 143 (12.9%) | 17.4% | |
Radiation dosing | |||||
25 Gy in 5 fx | 538 (9.0%) | 427 (8.7%) | 111 (10.0%) | 20.65 | 0.216 |
45–50 Gy in 25–28 fx | 4597 (76.7%) | 3740 (76.5%) | 857 (77.3%) | 18.6% | |
Nonstandard dose (Ref) | 605 (10.1%) | 504 (10.3%) | 101 (9.1%) | 16.7% | |
Unknown | 257 (4.3%) | 217 (4.4%) | 40 (3.6%) | 15.6% | |
TNT regimen | |||||
I-chemotherapy + L-XRT 1 (Ref) | 4184 (81.5%) | 3389 (81.0%) | 795 (19.0%) | 19.0% | 0.107 |
L-XRT + C-chemotherapy 2 | 413 (8.0%) | 351 (85.0%) | 62 (15.0%) | 15.0% | |
S-XRT + C-chemotherapy 3 | 289 (5.6%) | 225 (77.9%) | 64 (22.2%) | 22.2% | |
I-chemotherapy + S-XRT 4 | 249 (4.9%) | 202 (81.1%) | 47 (18.9%) | 18.9% | |
Tumor boost | |||||
None or incomplete boost (Ref) | 3261 (54.4%) | 2670 (54.6%) | 591 (53.3%) | 18.1% | 0.074 |
5.4 Gy in 3 fx | 2485 (41.4%) | 2002 (41.0%) | 483 (43.6%) | 19.4% | |
Unknown | 251 (4.2%) | 216 (4.4%) | 35 (3.2%) | 13.9% | |
Type of surgery | |||||
Total proctectomy (Ref) | 1432 (23.9%) | 1211 (24.8%) | 221 (19.9%) | 15.4% | <0.001 |
Partial proctectomy | 3893 (64.9%) | 3108 (63.6%) | 785 (70.8%) | 20.2% | |
Pull through with sphincter preservation | 381 (6.4%) | 304 (6.2%) | 77 (6.9%) | 20.2% | |
Other proctectomy, unspecified | 291 (4.9%) | 265 (5.4%) | 26 (2.3%) | 8.9% |
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Share and Cite
Mai, M.; Goldman, J.; Appiah, D.; Abdulrahman, R.; Kidwell, J.; Shi, Z. Timing of Surgery and Social Determinants of Health Related to Pathologic Complete Response after Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Adenocarcinoma: Retrospective Study of National Cancer Database. Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31, 1291-1301. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31030097
Mai M, Goldman J, Appiah D, Abdulrahman R, Kidwell J, Shi Z. Timing of Surgery and Social Determinants of Health Related to Pathologic Complete Response after Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Adenocarcinoma: Retrospective Study of National Cancer Database. Current Oncology. 2024; 31(3):1291-1301. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31030097
Chicago/Turabian StyleMai, Megan, Jodi Goldman, Duke Appiah, Ramzi Abdulrahman, John Kidwell, and Zheng Shi. 2024. "Timing of Surgery and Social Determinants of Health Related to Pathologic Complete Response after Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Adenocarcinoma: Retrospective Study of National Cancer Database" Current Oncology 31, no. 3: 1291-1301. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31030097