Nipah and Hendra Viruses: Deadly Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses with the Potential to Cause the Next Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Henipaviruses: A Cause of Grave Concern
3. Transmission Cycle from Bats to Humans
4. The Virus: Unique Features of Henipa Virions
4.1. Structure and Genome Organization
4.2. Digging Deep into Henipavirus Replication Cycle
5. Traditional and Novel Diagnostic Tests
6. Recent Strategies for the Control of the Nipah and Hendra Viruses
6.1. Passive Immunization Using Monoclonal Antibodies
6.2. Recent Developments in Vaccine Production
6.2.1. Subunit Vaccines
6.2.2. Vectored Vaccines
6.3. Virus-like Particles
6.4. Single-Dose Lipid Nanoparticle mRNA Vaccine
7. Other Recently Discovered Henipaviruses
8. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gazal, S.; Sharma, N.; Gazal, S.; Tikoo, M.; Shikha, D.; Badroo, G.A.; Rashid, M.; Lee, S.-J. Nipah and Hendra Viruses: Deadly Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses with the Potential to Cause the Next Pandemic. Pathogens 2022, 11, 1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121419
Gazal S, Sharma N, Gazal S, Tikoo M, Shikha D, Badroo GA, Rashid M, Lee S-J. Nipah and Hendra Viruses: Deadly Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses with the Potential to Cause the Next Pandemic. Pathogens. 2022; 11(12):1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121419
Chicago/Turabian StyleGazal, Sabahat, Neelesh Sharma, Sundus Gazal, Mehak Tikoo, Deep Shikha, Gulzar Ahmed Badroo, Mohd Rashid, and Sung-Jin Lee. 2022. "Nipah and Hendra Viruses: Deadly Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses with the Potential to Cause the Next Pandemic" Pathogens 11, no. 12: 1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121419