Terrestrial Water Storage Component Changes Derived from Multisource Data and Their Responses to ENSO in Nicaragua
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area and Data Acquisition
2.1. Study Area
2.2. GRACE/GRACE-FO Data
2.3. Hydrological Model and Satellite Altimetry
2.4. Climate Data and Climate Index
3. Methods
3.1. TWS Changes Estimation
3.2. Time Series Analysis
3.3. Workflow
4. Results
4.1. TWSC Changes in Nicaragua
4.2. TWSC Changes in Nicaragua Sub-Basins
4.3. Relationship between TWSC and ENSO
4.3.1. Cross-Correlation Analysis between Interannual TWSC and ENSO
4.3.2. Cross-Wavelet Analysis between TWSC and ENSO
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sources | Annual Amplitude (mm) | Annual Phase (°) | Linear Trend (mm/a) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002-04 2021-04 | 2002-04 2012-03 | 2012-04 2017-03 | 2017-04 2021-04 | |||
ITSG-SH | 130.48 | 280.94 | −3.67 | 8.76 | −44.56 | −32.32 |
CSR-M | 112.27 | 290.34 | 0.19 | 6.13 | −12.82 | −6.57 |
SMSW | 152.04 | 283.10 | −2.62 | 2.93 | −15.39 | −15.56 |
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Jian, G.; Xu, C.; Li, J.; Zhang, X.; Feng, L. Terrestrial Water Storage Component Changes Derived from Multisource Data and Their Responses to ENSO in Nicaragua. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 6012. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236012
Jian G, Xu C, Li J, Zhang X, Feng L. Terrestrial Water Storage Component Changes Derived from Multisource Data and Their Responses to ENSO in Nicaragua. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(23):6012. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236012
Chicago/Turabian StyleJian, Guangyu, Chuang Xu, Jinbo Li, Xingfu Zhang, and Li Feng. 2022. "Terrestrial Water Storage Component Changes Derived from Multisource Data and Their Responses to ENSO in Nicaragua" Remote Sensing 14, no. 23: 6012. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236012