Exergy and Exergoeconomic Analysis of a Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System Based on Solar Thermal Biomass Gasification
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. System Description and Modelling
2.1. System Description
2.2. Thermodynamic Models
- (1)
- It is assumed that the system is based on the steady state.
- (2)
- The pressure descends of the whole heat exchangers and pipeline can be neglected.
- (3)
- In the heat transfer models, all heat exchangers are considered to be countercurrent heat transfer.
- (4)
- In the AC/H model, it is assumed that the steam, water, and solution at the outlet of evaporator, condenser, absorber, and high and low pressure generator are all saturated.
- (5)
- In the heat transfer model of the solar dish collector, the heat exchange in the inner wall of the component is heat conduction, and the heat exchange between the component and the surrounding environment includes convection heat transfer and radiation heat transfer.
3. Methodology
3.1. Exergy Analysis
3.2. Exergoeconomic Analysis
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Initialization
4.2. Results
4.2.1. Exergy Performances
4.2.2. Exergoeconomic Performances
4.3. Sensitivity Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
surface area of the parabolic dish mirror (m2) | |
A | ash |
C | exergy cost ($/h) |
c | unit exergy cost ($/kWh) |
average specific heat (kJ/(kg·K)) | |
DNI | solar radiation illuminance (W/m2) |
Ex | exergy (kW) |
specific exergy (kJ/kg) | |
exergoeconomic factor | |
FC | fixed carbon |
H | enthalpy (kJ) |
h | specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) |
LHV | low heat value (MJ/Nm3) |
m | mass flow (kg/s) |
M | moisture |
maximum power generation capacity (kW) | |
n | service life (year) |
p | product |
Q | heat transfer (kW) |
R | universal gas constant (kJ/((kmol·K)) |
S | entropy (kJ/K) |
s | specific entropy (kJ/(kg·K)) |
i | interest rate |
T | temperature (°C or K) |
x | molar ratio |
V | volatile |
Z | investment cost ($) |
Greek symbols | |
reflectivity of the parabolic dish mirror | |
operating hours (h) | |
interception factor | |
shading factor | |
efficiency (%) | |
exergy efficiency | |
capital recovery coefficient | |
fixed cost as a percentage of initial investment cost | |
ratio of exergy to energy | |
Subscripts and superscripts | |
a | ambient |
Abs | absorber |
b | biomass |
C | carbon |
ch | chemical |
cond | conduction |
conv | convection |
cw | cooling water |
des | destruction |
dw | domestic hot water |
exh | exhaust gas |
Eva | evaporator |
f | fuel |
H | hydrogen |
HG | high pressure generator |
HX | heat exchanger |
in | inlet |
jw | jacket water |
k | species |
l | loss |
LG | low pressure generator |
N | nitrogen |
0 | standard reference state |
O | oxygen |
out | outlet |
p | product |
ph | physical |
rad | radiation |
rw | chilled water |
sol | solar |
sw | space heating water |
W | mechanical power |
w | tap water |
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Components | Parameters | Value |
---|---|---|
Biomass steam subsystem | Heat collecting area (m2) | 115.6 |
Radiation intensity(W/m2) | Winter 600/Summer 800 | |
Steam temperature (°C) | 450 (state 2) | |
Tap water temperature (°C) | 25 (state 18, 17, and 15) | |
HX-01 inlet temperature (°C) | 800 (state 4) | |
HX-01 outlet temperature (°C) | 43 (state 5) | |
ICE | ICE inlet (°C) | 25 (state 7) |
Exhaust gas heat (kW) | 47.16 | |
Jacket water heat (kW) | 50.31 | |
Exhaust gas thermal efficiency (%) | 15.94 | |
power generation (kW) | 100 | |
AC/H | Exhaust gas temperature (°C) | 478/170 (state 11/12) |
Jacket water temperature (°C) | 85/70 (state 9/10) | |
Chilled water temperature (°C) | 14/7 (state 20/19) | |
Space heating water temperature (°C) | 50/60 (state 20/19) | |
Cooling water temperature (°C) | 32/36 (state 21/22) | |
HX-02 | Exhaust gas temperature (°C) | 120 (state 13) |
Domestic hot water temperature (°C) | 60 (state 16) |
Components | Energy Balance Equations | Auxiliary Equations |
---|---|---|
Solar dish collector | , , , Further detailed data for heat transfer can be found in Ref. [30]. | |
Biomass gasification | Further detailed data for heat transfer can be found in Ref. [30]. | |
ICE | , , Further detailed data for heat transfer can be found in Ref. [32,33,34] | |
AC/H | (summer) (winter) Further detailed data for heat transfer can be found in Ref. [5] | |
HX |
Item | Parameters | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wheat straw | Proximate Analysis (wt. %) | V | FC | A | M | - |
70.11 | 17.47 | 9.14 | 3.28 | - | ||
Elemental analysis (wt. %) | C | H | O | N | S | |
45.17 | 5.75 | 35.66 | 0.86 | 0.14 | ||
LHV (MJ/Nm3) | 17.4 |
Items | Component | Unit Cost | Capacity | Investment (103 $) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Investment | G | 362 ($/kW) | 309.2 (kW) | 111.93 |
SHC | 340.28 ($/m2) | 115.6 (m2) | 39.39 | |
ICE | 695.04 ($/kW) | 100 (kW) | 69.50 | |
AC/H | 173.76 ($/kW) | 109.1 (kW) | 18.97 | |
HX 01 | 30.408 ($/kW) | 54.3 (kW) | 1.59 | |
HX 02 | 30.408 ($/kW) | 7.6 (kW) | 0.29 | |
Cost parameter | Annual operating hours, h | 1500 | Service life, year | 20 |
Maintenance cost coefficient | 2.5% | Interest rate | 6.15% | |
Fuel price | Biomass ($/ton) | 50.68 | Tap water ($/ton) | 1.035 |
Operation Mode | Project | Electricity | Chilled Water/Heating Water | Domestic Hot Water |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cooling mode | Energy cost ($/kWh) | 0.164 | 0.044 | 0.052 |
Exergy cost ($/kWh) | 0.164 | 0.852 | 0.961 | |
Heating mode | Energy cost ($/kWh) | 0.164 | 0.054 | 0.052 |
Exergy cost ($/kWh) | 0.164 | 0.588 | 0.961 |
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Wu, J.; Wang, J.; Wu, J.; Ma, C. Exergy and Exergoeconomic Analysis of a Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System Based on Solar Thermal Biomass Gasification. Energies 2019, 12, 2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122418
Wu J, Wang J, Wu J, Ma C. Exergy and Exergoeconomic Analysis of a Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System Based on Solar Thermal Biomass Gasification. Energies. 2019; 12(12):2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122418
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Jin, Jiangjiang Wang, Jing Wu, and Chaofan Ma. 2019. "Exergy and Exergoeconomic Analysis of a Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System Based on Solar Thermal Biomass Gasification" Energies 12, no. 12: 2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122418