Selective Removal of Water Generated during Hydrogenotrophic Methanation from Culture Medium Using Membrane Distillation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Materials
2.1. Methanogen
2.2. Methanation Reactors
2.2.1. Stirred-Tank Reactor (ST)
2.2.2. Bubble Column (BC)
2.3. Membrane Distillation
2.4. Monitoring and Experimental Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Methane Production in the ST and BC
3.2. Water Generation and Removal from Reactors
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
MD | Membrane distillation |
ST | Stirred-tank reactor |
BC | Bubble column |
PVDF | Polyvinylidene fluoride |
VSS | Volatile suspended solid |
MLVSS | Mixed liquor volatile suspended solid |
VVD | Methane volume per working volume per day, L/L/d |
GHSV | Gas hourly space velocity |
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Operation Factors | ST | BC |
---|---|---|
Working vol.(L) | 1.5 | 5 |
Height a/diameter | 0.5 | 3.9 |
GHSV b in h−1 | 24 | 8.4 |
Mixer | Agitator | Ceramic membrane diffuser |
Mixing method | 200~600 rpm | Bubble size, 100~200 μm (manufacturer’s ad.) |
pH | 7.3 ± 0.24 | 7.2 ± 0.26 |
NH4+ (mg/L) | 915.2 ± 323.8 | 461.5 ± 83.8 |
Maximum O.D.600 nm | 16.2 | 12.5 |
PCH4, max in outflow c | 29.4 % | 16.2% |
Maximum VVD d | 77.8 (VVD/O.D. = 4.8) | 19.8 (VVD/O.D. = 1.6) |
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Choi, O.; Kim, M.; Go, Y.; Hong, M.-G.; Kim, B.; Shin, Y.; Lee, S.; Kim, Y.G.; Joo, J.S.; Jeon, B.S.; et al. Selective Removal of Water Generated during Hydrogenotrophic Methanation from Culture Medium Using Membrane Distillation. Energies 2019, 12, 4130. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12214130
Choi O, Kim M, Go Y, Hong M-G, Kim B, Shin Y, Lee S, Kim YG, Joo JS, Jeon BS, et al. Selective Removal of Water Generated during Hydrogenotrophic Methanation from Culture Medium Using Membrane Distillation. Energies. 2019; 12(21):4130. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12214130
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Okkyoung, MinJeong Kim, Youngwook Go, Moon-Gi Hong, Bomin Kim, Yonghyun Shin, Sangho Lee, Young Gook Kim, Ji Sun Joo, Byoung Seung Jeon, and et al. 2019. "Selective Removal of Water Generated during Hydrogenotrophic Methanation from Culture Medium Using Membrane Distillation" Energies 12, no. 21: 4130. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12214130