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Review

The Low-Dimensional Three-Dimensional Tin Halide Perovskite: Film Characterization and Device Performance

by
Cuili Gai
1,†,
Jigang Wang
2,†,
Yongsheng Wang
1,* and
Junming Li
3,*
1
Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiao Tong University, Beijing 100044, China
2
Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
3
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
C.G. and J.W. contributed equally to this work.
Energies 2020, 13(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13010002
Submission received: 11 November 2019 / Revised: 7 December 2019 / Accepted: 16 December 2019 / Published: 18 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Perovskite Solar Cells)
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Abstract

Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation solar cells as their power conversion efficiency (PCE) has rapidly increased up to 25.2%. However, the most efficient halide perovskite materials all contain toxic lead. Replacing the lead cation with environmentally friendly tin (Sn) is proposed as an important alternative. Today, the inferior performance of Sn-based PSCs mainly due to two challenging issues, namely the facile oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ and the low formation energies of Sn vacancies. Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskite, in which the large sized organic cations confine the corner sharing BX6 octahedra, exhibits higher formation energy than that of three-dimensional (3D) structure halide perovskite. The approach of mixing a small amount of 2D into 3D Sn-based perovskites was demonstrated as an efficient method to produce high performance perovskite films. In this review, we first provide an overview of key points for making high performance PSCs. Then we give an introduction to the physical parameters of 3D ASnX3 (MA+, FA+, and Cs+) perovskite and a photovoltaic device based on them, followed by an overview of 2D/3D halide perovskites based on ASnX3 (MA+ and FA+) and their optoelectronic applications. The current challenges and a future outlook of Sn-based PSCs are discussed in the end. This review will give readers a better understanding of the 2D/3D Sn-based PSCs.
Keywords: perovskite solar cells; photovoltaics; low-dimensional; tin-based perovskite solar cells; photovoltaics; low-dimensional; tin-based

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gai, C.; Wang, J.; Wang, Y.; Li, J. The Low-Dimensional Three-Dimensional Tin Halide Perovskite: Film Characterization and Device Performance. Energies 2020, 13, 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13010002

AMA Style

Gai C, Wang J, Wang Y, Li J. The Low-Dimensional Three-Dimensional Tin Halide Perovskite: Film Characterization and Device Performance. Energies. 2020; 13(1):2. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13010002

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gai, Cuili, Jigang Wang, Yongsheng Wang, and Junming Li. 2020. "The Low-Dimensional Three-Dimensional Tin Halide Perovskite: Film Characterization and Device Performance" Energies 13, no. 1: 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13010002

APA Style

Gai, C., Wang, J., Wang, Y., & Li, J. (2020). The Low-Dimensional Three-Dimensional Tin Halide Perovskite: Film Characterization and Device Performance. Energies, 13(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13010002

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