Experimental Study of the Corona Performance of Aged Sand-Cast Substation Connectors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Analyzed Substation Connectors and the Artificial Ageing Tests
3. The Surface Roughness Measurements
4. The Corona Tests in the High-Voltage Laboratory
5. Experimental Results
5.1. Surface Roughness Results
5.2. Visual CEV Tests
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ageing Level | Number of Specimens | Ageing Time | Sample Number |
---|---|---|---|
A0 (new) | 3 | 0 hours | 1, 2, 3 |
A500 | 3 | 500 hours | 4, 5, 6 |
A750 | 3 | 750 hours | 7, 8, 9 |
A1000 | 3 | 1000 hours | 10, 11, 12 |
Ra [μm] | Rq [μm] | Rz [μm] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ageing Level | Sample Number | Max. Value | Min. Value | Mean Value | Max. Value | Min. Value | Mean Value | Max. Value | Min. Value | Mean Value |
A0 (new) | 1 | 8.868 | 6.880 | 7.926 | 10.495 | 8.152 | 9.468 | 38.557 | 30.761 | 35.284 |
2 | 8.498 | 7.168 | 7.965 | 10.264 | 8.380 | 9.481 | 40.517 | 31.354 | 35.939 | |
3 | 8.487 | 6.697 | 8.008 | 10.468 | 7.877 | 9.653 | 54.661 | 29.449 | 40.900 | |
A500 | 4 | 8.302 | 5.812 | 7.091 | 10.247 | 7.693 | 8.894 | 44.538 | 31.664 | 38.078 |
5 | 11.595 | 8.401 | 9.763 | 13.734 | 9.858 | 11.445 | 49.805 | 36.400 | 41.441 | |
6 | 10.430 | 6.829 | 8.337 | 12.800 | 8.220 | 10.125 | 48.658 | 34.314 | 40.643 | |
A750 | 7 | 10.019 | 5.579 | 7.077 | 11.859 | 7.089 | 8.764 | 44.918 | 28.706 | 36.332 |
8 | 7.626 | 6.791 | 7.365 | 9.971 | 8.542 | 9.278 | 44.868 | 35.578 | 39.926 | |
9 | 10.075 | 7.100 | 8.516 | 12.256 | 8.834 | 10.424 | 51.651 | 38.713 | 43.217 | |
10 | 8.522 | 5.505 | 7.277 | 10.398 | 6.955 | 8.755 | 42.073 | 26.788 | 33.930 | |
A1000 | 11 | 12.387 | 7.926 | 9.781 | 14.636 | 9.700 | 11.884 | 55.567 | 38.279 | 47.490 |
12 | 9.700 | 7.630 | 8.721 | 11.799 | 9.232 | 10.588 | 45.845 | 38.673 | 42.308 |
Ra [μm] | Rq [μm] | Rz [μm] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ageing Level | Sample Number | Max. Value | Min. Value | Mean Value | Max. Value | Min. Value | Mean Value | Max. Value | Min. Value | Mean Value |
A0 (new) | 1 | 9.187 | 6.651 | 8.163 | 11.033 | 7.989 | 9.765 | 43.456 | 29.694 | 37.150 |
2 | 8.118 | 6.356 | 7.141 | 9.670 | 8.099 | 8.617 | 35.274 | 27.928 | 32.303 | |
3 | 9.302 | 8.471 | 8.824 | 11.220 | 10.307 | 10.750 | 44.177 | 40.779 | 42.207 | |
A500 | 4 | 10.065 | 7.096 | 8.668 | 12.210 | 8.608 | 10.483 | 45.418 | 32.706 | 40.318 |
5 | 12.952 | 7.896 | 9.522 | 15.423 | 9.599 | 11.363 | 57.593 | 34.919 | 43.052 | |
6 | 11.230 | 8.297 | 9.114 | 13.165 | 9.939 | 10.838 | 46.574 | 37.213 | 40.961 | |
A750 | 7 | 11.405 | 7.089 | 9.011 | 14.172 | 8.460 | 11.062 | 61.343 | 33.879 | 44.940 |
8 | 12.089 | 7.980 | 9.297 | 14.182 | 9.815 | 11.443 | 52.305 | 38.799 | 46.622 | |
9 | 13.869 | 7.879 | 11.423 | 16.637 | 9.975 | 14.094 | 71.402 | 42.879 | 58.276 | |
10 | 12.253 | 6.510 | 9.557 | 14.701 | 8.415 | 11.572 | 56.542 | 36.574 | 45.675 | |
A1000 | 11 | 10.355 | 8.116 | 9.417 | 12.222 | 9.983 | 11.251 | 48.909 | 35.821 | 42.006 |
12 | 11.447 | 8.484 | 9.923 | 14.417 | 10.586 | 12.250 | 58.475 | 41.324 | 48.694 |
Corrected CEV (kVpeak) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ageing Level | Sample Number | Positive DC | Negative DC | AC (50 Hz) | |||
A0 (new) | 1 | 102.8 | 63.7 | 78.2 | |||
2 | 91.6 | 7.7% | 75.8 | 11.9% | 82.0 | 3.0% | |
3 | 92.0 | 77.3 | 78.6 | ||||
A500 | 4 | 87.5 | 76.7 | 82.0 | |||
5 | 84.9 | 10.8% | 75.2 | 4.8% | 78.9 | 3.9% | |
6 | 101.0 | 81.6 | 85.2 | ||||
A750 | 7 | 95.3 | 73.8 | 84.6 | |||
8 | 93.2 | 6.1% | 72.0 | 2.0% | 74.7 | 6.3% | |
9 | 103.1 | 71.2 | 79.5 | ||||
10 | 103.87 | 84.5 | 78.7 | ||||
A1000 | 11 | 100.76 | 8.2% | 87.1 | 5.5% | 77.6 | 5.7% |
12 | 90.2 | 78.9 | 71.6 | ||||
Percentages: maximum CEV deviation among the 3 sample replicas with respect their average value |
Corrected CEV (kVpeak) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ageing Level | Sample Number | Positive DC | Negative DC | AC (50 Hz) | |||
A0 (new) | 1 | 124.1 | 108.1 | 100.2 | |||
2 | 125.6 | 10.8% | 112.0 | 6.6% | 100.8 | 7.8% | |
3 | 105.7 | 99.5 | 89.2 | ||||
A500 | 4 | 114.5 | 92.4 | 87.3 | |||
5 | 126.0 | 5.4% | 109.8 | 11.1% | 98.7 | 7.5% | |
6 | 122.5 | 109.5 | 97.1 | ||||
A750 | 7 | 120.2 | 100.0 | 88.9 | |||
8 | 118.3 | 2.9% | 110.0 | 14.6% | 94.4 | 7.2% | |
9 | 114.1 | 78.0 | 82.1 | ||||
10 | 116.5 | 104.3 | 101.6 | ||||
A1000 | 11 | 116.2 | 4.7% | 92.8 | 7.9% | 96.1 | 3.2% |
12 | 124.79 | 105.2 | 100.1 | ||||
Percentages: maximum CEV deviation among the 3 sample replicas with respect their average value |
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Riba, J.-R.; Bogarra, S.; Gómez-Pau, Á.; Moreno-Eguilaz, M. Experimental Study of the Corona Performance of Aged Sand-Cast Substation Connectors. Energies 2020, 13, 2785. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112785
Riba J-R, Bogarra S, Gómez-Pau Á, Moreno-Eguilaz M. Experimental Study of the Corona Performance of Aged Sand-Cast Substation Connectors. Energies. 2020; 13(11):2785. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112785
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiba, Jordi-Roger, Santiago Bogarra, Álvaro Gómez-Pau, and Manuel Moreno-Eguilaz. 2020. "Experimental Study of the Corona Performance of Aged Sand-Cast Substation Connectors" Energies 13, no. 11: 2785. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112785