Assessment of Multiple Anaerobic Co-Digestions and Related Microbial Community of Molasses with Rice-Alcohol Wastewater
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sludge and Wastewater
2.2. Digesters Setup
2.3. Operating Conditions for Co-Digestion and Mono-Digestion Experiment
2.4. Analytical Methods
2.5. High-Throughput Sequencing for Microbial Community
Extraction of DNA, PCR Amplification and Sequencing
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Impact of Operating Conditions on COD Removal Rate
Mono-Digestion and Co-Digestion Process
3.2. Methane Contents in Biogas under Different OLR Conditions
3.3. Impact of Increasing OLR on pH
3.4. Detection of VFAs Concentration
3.5. Microbial Community
3.5.1. Sequencing and Microbial Community in Response to Increasing OLRs
Composition of Bacterial Community
Composition of Archaeal Community
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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COD g/L | BOD g/L | TN | pH | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Molasses | 862.842–935.62 | 486.35–618.46 | 1.42–2.2 | 5.7–6.2 |
RAW | 35–40 | 18.4–21.67 | 0.08–0.16 | 4.6–5.2 |
S.No. | Run Time (Days) | Influent COD(g/L) | OLR (g COD/L.d) | HRT (Days) | Flow Rate (L/d) | M:RAW |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0–20 | 15 | 1.875 | 8 | 0.5 | 1:1 |
2 | 21–29 | 20 | 2.5 | 8 | 0.5 | 1:1 |
3 | 30–38 | 25 | 3.12 | 8 | 0.5 | 2:1 |
4 | 39–47 | 30 | 6 | 5 | 0.8 | 3:1 |
5 | 48–56 | 35 | 7 | 5 | 0.8 | 4:1 |
6 | 57–65 | 40 | 8 | 5 | 0.8 | 5:1 |
7 | 66–74 | 45 | 9 | 5 | 0.8 | 5:1 |
8 | 75–83 | 50 | 10 | 5 | 0.8 | 5:1 |
9 | 84–92 | 55 | 11 | 5 | 0.8 | 5:1 |
10 | 93–101 | 60 | 12 | 5 | 0.8 | 5:1 |
11 | 102–111 | 65 | 13 | 5 | 0.8 | 6:1 |
12 | 112–120 | 70 | 14 | 5 | 0.8 | 6:1 |
13 | 121–129 | 75 | 15 | 5 | 0.8 | 7:1 |
14 | 130–147 | 80 | 16 | 5 | 0.8 | 8:1 |
S.No | Run Time (Days) | Influent COD (g/L) | OLR (g COD/L.d) | HRT (Days) | Flow Rate (L/d) | M:RAW |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0–20 | 15 | 1.875 | 8 | 0.5 | 1:1 |
2 | 21–29 | 20 | 2.5 | 8 | 0.5 | 1:1 |
3 | 30–38 | 25 | 3.12 | 8 | 0.5 | 2:1 |
4 | 39–47 | 30 | 6 | 5 | 0.8 | 3:1 |
5 | 48–56 | 35 | 7 | 5 | 0.8 | 4:1 |
Remove RAW and feed only molasses | ||||||
6 | 57–65 | 35 | 7 | 5 | 0.8 | 1:00 |
7 | 66–74 | 40 | 8 | 5 | 0.8 | 1:00 |
8 | 75–83 | 45 | 9 | 5 | 0.8 | 1:00 |
Acclimatization of reactors with co-digestion of molasses and RAW | ||||||
9 | 84–88 | 20 | 4 | 5 | 0.8 | 3:1 |
10 | 89–98 | 25 | 5 | 5 | 0.8 | 4:1 |
11 | 99–103 | 30 | 6 | 5 | 0.8 | 4:1 |
12 | 104–108 | 35 | 7 | 5 | 0.8 | 4:1 |
Remove RAW and feed only molasses | ||||||
13 | 109–117 | 30 | 6 | 5 | 0.8 | 1:00 |
14 | 118–126 | 35 | 7 | 5 | 0.8 | 1:00 |
15 | 127–135 | 40 | 8 | 5 | 0.8 | 1:00 |
16 | 136–144 | 45 | 9 | 5 | 0.8 | 1:00 |
17 | 145–153 | 50 | 10 | 5 | 0.8 | 1:00 |
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Khan, S.; Lu, F.; Jiang, Q.; Jiang, C.; Kashif, M.; Shen, P. Assessment of Multiple Anaerobic Co-Digestions and Related Microbial Community of Molasses with Rice-Alcohol Wastewater. Energies 2020, 13, 4866. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184866
Khan S, Lu F, Jiang Q, Jiang C, Kashif M, Shen P. Assessment of Multiple Anaerobic Co-Digestions and Related Microbial Community of Molasses with Rice-Alcohol Wastewater. Energies. 2020; 13(18):4866. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184866
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhan, Sohail, Fuzhi Lu, Qiong Jiang, Chengjian Jiang, Muhammad Kashif, and Peihong Shen. 2020. "Assessment of Multiple Anaerobic Co-Digestions and Related Microbial Community of Molasses with Rice-Alcohol Wastewater" Energies 13, no. 18: 4866. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184866