Numerical Investigation on Influence of Gas and Turbulence Model for Type III Hydrogen Tank under Discharge Condition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background and Theory
2.1. Background
2.2. Theory
2.2.1. Real Gas Model
2.2.2. Turbulence Models
3. Numerical Implementation
3.1. Governing Equations
3.2. Calculation Assumptions and Conditions
- (1)
- Natural convection coefficient for the heat exchange of the laminate is constant, and the laminate has isotropic heat transfer characteristics.
- (2)
- The outlet flowing temperature of hydrogen gas is a constant.
- (3)
- The thicknesses of the liner and laminate are constants.
- (4)
- The temperature of the entire tank is considered as ambient temperature because the tank is exposed to the ambient temperature for sufficient time.
4. Results
4.1. Gas Model Effect
4.2. Turbulence Model Effect
5. Concluding Remarks
- Regarding the gas model adoptability, four gas models were considered, and the numerical and experimental results were compared for the discharge of CHG. Among the gas models, Redlich–Kwong equation was regarded as one of the realistic models for gas flow.
- The realizable , RNG , SST, and RSM turbulence models were assessed for the CHG average temperature. The SST model results showed the closest agreement with the experimental results among the results of all the turbulence models, whereas the realizable model yielded poor predictions.
- The turbulence intensity obtained by the different turbulence models increased near the discharging area, where there was a large pressure decrease and velocity increase.
- The turbulence intensity yielded by the RNG model was slightly lower than that by the realizable model, indicating that the RNG model provides more accurate predictions than the realizable model.
- For the SST model and the RSM, these models predicted a lower turbulence intensity than the realizable and RNG models.
- The present findings regarding suitable gas and turbulence models for predicting CHG flow behavior can be effectively applied in research area of hydrogen applications. The results will help in identifying a suitable numerical model for formulating an optimum tank filling strategy that is both efficient and safe.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | Materials | Hydrogen Storage Pressure |
---|---|---|
Type I | All metal | 17.5~20 MPa |
Type II | Metal liner with hoop wrapping | 26.3~30 MPa |
Type III | Metal liner with full composite wrapping [16] | 35 MPa~70 MPa |
Type IV | Plastic liner with full composite wrapping [16] | 70 MPa |
Item | Length (mm) | |
---|---|---|
Cylinder type | Total length (mm) | 1030 |
Inner diameter (mm) | 354 | |
Outer diameter (mm) | 427 | |
Thickness (mm) | 27–30 |
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Kim, M.-S.; Ryu, J.-H.; Oh, S.-J.; Yang, J.-H.; Choi, S.-W. Numerical Investigation on Influence of Gas and Turbulence Model for Type III Hydrogen Tank under Discharge Condition. Energies 2020, 13, 6432. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236432
Kim M-S, Ryu J-H, Oh S-J, Yang J-H, Choi S-W. Numerical Investigation on Influence of Gas and Turbulence Model for Type III Hydrogen Tank under Discharge Condition. Energies. 2020; 13(23):6432. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236432
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Moo-Sun, Joon-Hyoung Ryu, Seung-Jun Oh, Jeong-Hyeon Yang, and Sung-Woong Choi. 2020. "Numerical Investigation on Influence of Gas and Turbulence Model for Type III Hydrogen Tank under Discharge Condition" Energies 13, no. 23: 6432. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236432