Exploring Opportunities and Challenges of Solar PV Power under Carbon Peak Scenario in China: A PEST Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Research Methodology
3.1. A Brief Introduction to PEST
3.2. Application of PEST Analysis
3.3. Research Design
4. Opportunities Analysis Using PEST
4.1. Political Opportunities (PO) Analysis
4.1.1. Background of Developing Strategic Emerging Industries (SEIs) (PO1)
4.1.2. An Inevitable Measure to Achieve Carbon Peak (PO2)
4.1.3. Benefits Brought by Free Trade Policy (PO3)
4.2. Economic Opportunities (EO) Analysis
4.2.1. Development Cornerstone Guaranteed by the Vibrant Domestic Economy (EO1)
4.2.2. Grid-Parity Cost Level and Potential to Decline (EO2)
4.3. Social Opportunities (SO) Analysis
4.3.1. Public Awareness of Sustainable Development (SO1)
4.3.2. Disseminating Carbon Peak Mission by the Government (SO2)
4.3.3. Continuous Improving Higher Education and Talent Training System (SO3)
4.4. Technological Opportunities (TO) Analysis
4.4.1. Tremendous Technical Potential for All-Round Deployment (TO1)
4.4.2. State Investment in R&D under Innovation-Driven Development Scenario (TO2)
4.4.3. Accumulated and Continuously Improving Technical Ability (TO3)
5. Challenges Analysis Using PEST
5.1. Political Challenges (PC) Analysis
5.1.1. Uncertainties of Policy (PC1)
5.1.2. Fragmented and Backward Policies (PC2)
5.1.3. Invisible and Unforeseen Policies of Local Government (PC3)
5.2. Economic Challenges (EC) Analysis
5.2.1. Additional Grid Access Cost and Rising Land Costs (EC1)
5.2.2. Unexpected Cost Inflation of the Solar PV Supply Chain (EC2)
5.2.3. Potential Emerging Unexpected Taxes and Fees (EC3)
5.3. Social Challenges (SC) Analysis
5.3.1. Prejudices and Misunderstanding of Partial Public (SC1)
5.3.2. Barriers Impeding Promotion in Urban Areas (SC2)
5.3.3. Underlying Impact of the COVID-19 (SC3)
5.4. Technological Challenges (TC) Analysis
5.4.1. Endogenous Technical Challenges Caused by Solar PV’s Characteristics (TC1)
5.4.2. Possibility of Being Supplanted by Disruptive Technologies (TC2)
5.4.3. Unavailability of Technical Standard for Emerging Modes and Recycling
6. Suggestions to Accelerate the Development of Solar PV Power
6.1. Suggestions for Government Policymakers
6.2. Suggestions for the Solar PV Industry
7. Conclusions and Discussion
7.1. Conclusions
7.2. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N | Source of Experts | No. of People | Professional Background |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Government officials | 5 | Three municipal directors, two county directors |
2 | Solar PV companies | 14 | Nine sales managers, five technical managers |
3 | EPC companies | 7 | Four commercial managers, three project managers |
4 | SOE investors | 9 | Five development managers, three project managers, one chief engineer |
5 | Private investors | 4 | Three development managers, one financial manager |
6 | State grid | 2 | One municipal director, one headquarter planning officer |
7 | Solar PV association | 3 | Solar PV industry analysts |
Code | Question | Detailed Explanation |
---|---|---|
PO | What are the opportunities for solar PV power under the current political environment in China? | Are the policies favorable for the development of solar PV power from both macro and industry perspectives? |
EO | What are the opportunities for solar PV power under the current economic environment in China? | Is the economic environment favorable for the development of solar PV power? Detailed reasons? |
SO | What are the opportunities for solar PV power under the current social environment in China? | Is the social environment positive for the development of solar PV power? In which aspects? |
TO | What are the opportunities for solar PV power under the current technological environment in China? | Is the technological status positive for the development of solar PV power? Please state the detailed aspects? |
PC | What are the challenges for solar PV power under the current political environment in China? | What are the challenges existing in current policies that unfavorable for the development of solar PV power? |
EC | What are the challenges for solar PV power under the current economic environment in China? | What are the challenges in current economic aspects that unfavorable for the development of solar PV power? |
SC | What are the challenges for solar PV power under the current social environment in China? | What are the challenges from the social environment that prevent the development of solar PV power? |
TC | What are the challenges for solar PV power under the current technological environment in China? | Are there any technical challenges that may restrict the development of solar PV power? |
F1 | What do you think the average annual installation volume in the coming ten years (2021–2030)? | A: 40–50 GW B: 50–60 GW C: 70–80 GW D: >80 GW |
F2 | What suggestions do you have to achieve higher installation volume? | Please write three pieces of suggestion for government policymakers and the solar PV industry. |
Factors | Opportunities Analysis |
---|---|
Political | PO1: Background of developing strategic emerging industries (SEIs) PO2: An inevitable measure to achieve carbon peak PO3: Benefits brought by free trade policy |
Economic | EO1: Development cornerstone from the vibrant domestic economy EO2: Grid-parity cost level and potential to decline |
Social | SO1: Public awareness of sustainable development SO2: Disseminating carbon peak mission by the government SO3: Continuous improving higher education and talent training system |
Technological | TO1: Tremendous technical potential for all-round deployment TO2: State investment in R&D under innovation-driven scenario TO3: Accumulated and continuous improving technical ability |
Expected Volume | A: 40–50 GW (13%) B: 50–60 GW (21%) C: 70–80 GW (39%) D: >80 GW (27%) |
Factors | Challenges Analysis |
---|---|
Political | PC1: Uncertainties of policy PC2: Fragmented and backward policies PC3: Invisible and unforeseen policies of local government |
Economic | EC1: Additional grid access cost and rising land costs EC2: Unexpected cost inflation of solar PV supply chain EC3: Potential emerging unexpected taxes and fees |
Social | SC1: Prejudices and misunderstanding of partial Public SC2: Barriers impeding promotion in urban areas SC3: Underlying impact of the COVID-19 |
Technological | TC1: Challenges caused by solar PV power’s characteristics TC2: Possibility of being supplanted by disruptive technologies TC3: Lack of technical standard for emerging modes and recycling |
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Wang, H.; Yang, X.; Xu, X.; Fei, L. Exploring Opportunities and Challenges of Solar PV Power under Carbon Peak Scenario in China: A PEST Analysis. Energies 2021, 14, 3061. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113061
Wang H, Yang X, Xu X, Fei L. Exploring Opportunities and Challenges of Solar PV Power under Carbon Peak Scenario in China: A PEST Analysis. Energies. 2021; 14(11):3061. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113061
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Hengtian, Xiaolong Yang, Xinxin Xu, and Liu Fei. 2021. "Exploring Opportunities and Challenges of Solar PV Power under Carbon Peak Scenario in China: A PEST Analysis" Energies 14, no. 11: 3061. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113061