A Novel Buck Converter with Constant Frequency Controlled Technique
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Conventional Control Schemes Descriptions
2.1. Conventional COT/AOT Control Scheme
2.2. Conventional AOT Scheme with PLL
3. Proposed Control Scheme and Frequency Detector
3.1. Proposed Control Scheme and Operating Principle
3.2. Proposed Frequency Detector
3.3. Proposed AOT
4. Design Procedure
4.1. Mathematical Modeling for Main Body Converter
4.2. Compensation Network Design for A(s)
4.3. Stability Analysis of Mathematical Model
- Step 1
- Step 2
- As expressed in (4), the zero . Using Equation (2), suppose can be obtained. In order to obtain a better output regulation, the A(s) gain is set to at least 60 dB. Thus, Ω, then gm = 100 μA/V, and 160 Hz. Finally, the values of gm, Ro, C1, and R1 are substituted into Equation (2).
- Step 3
- We substitute Equation (2) into Equation (3) and draw the Bode diagram of T(s) with MathCAD. Here, in Equation (3), the k is substituted by 0.5. The Bode diagrams of T(s), Gp(s), and A(s) are drawn in Figure 15. As can be seen from Figure 15, the T(s) phase margin is about 40 degrees, DC gain is about 71 dB, and the crossover frequency is about 400 kHz.
5. Simulation Results
5.1. SIMPLIS Schematic Building
5.2. Stability Analisis with SIMPLIS
5.3. Transient Performance
5.4. Load Regulation/Line Regulation
5.5. Switching Frquency Regulation
5.6. Performance List
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|
RLOAD | 3.6 | Ω |
Co | 10 | μF |
L | 4.7 | μH |
RESR | 5 | mΩ |
Parameter | Conditions | Min. | Typ. | Max. | Unit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Input voltage | 3.0 | 3.6 | V | ||
Output voltage | 1.0 | 2.5 | V | ||
Output ripple | Vin = 3.6 V, Vo = 2.5 V | 2.24 | mV | ||
Load current | 100 | 500 | mA | ||
Inductor | DCR *: 30 mΩ | 4.7 | μH | ||
Output capacitor | ESR: 5 mΩ | 10 | μF | ||
Switching frequency | Vin = 3.0~3.6 V Vo = 1.0~2.5 V | 1 | MHz | ||
Recovery time (step-up) | Vo = 1.8 V Load: 100 mA to 500 mA | 1.69 | μs | ||
Recovery time (step-down) | Vo = 1.8 V Load: 500 mA to 100 mA | 1.62 | μs | ||
Overshoot voltage | Vo = 1.8 V | 24 | mV | ||
Undershoot voltage | Vo = 1.8 V | 20 | mV |
References | 2015 [22] | 2020 [31] | 2021 [7] | This Work |
---|---|---|---|---|
Results | measurement | simulation | measurement | simulation |
Control scheme | Hysteretic Window (PLL based) | AOT | Hysteretic PLL | AOT |
Process (μm) | 0.35 | 0.18 | 0.35 | 0.18 ** |
Input voltage (V) | 2.7–4.2 | 3.3–5.0 | 3.3–3.6 | 3.0–3.6 |
Output voltage (V) | 1.2 | 1.8 | 0.9–2.5 | 1.0–2.5 |
Inductor (μH) | 2.2 | 1.5 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
Output Capacitor (μF) | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 |
Switching Frequency(MHz) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Max. Load current(mA) | 700 | 2000 | 600 | 500 |
Load current step(mA) | 300 | 800 | 400 | 400 |
Undershoot/Overshoot(mV) | 48/30 | 13/14 | 30/60 | 20/24 |
Recovery time(μs) (step up /step down) | 3/5 | 6/2 | 2.6/2.2 | 1.69/1.62 |
Switching Frequency Variation | <1% | NA | <1% | <1% |
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Chou, H.-H.; Chen, H.-L. A Novel Buck Converter with Constant Frequency Controlled Technique. Energies 2021, 14, 5911. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185911
Chou H-H, Chen H-L. A Novel Buck Converter with Constant Frequency Controlled Technique. Energies. 2021; 14(18):5911. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185911
Chicago/Turabian StyleChou, Hsiao-Hsing, and Hsin-Liang Chen. 2021. "A Novel Buck Converter with Constant Frequency Controlled Technique" Energies 14, no. 18: 5911. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185911