A Novel Single-Inductor Bipolar-Output DC/DC Boost Converter for OLED Microdisplays
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Topology Derivation
3. CCM Operation of the Proposed Topology
4. Evaluation of the Converter
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
SIBO | Single-Inductor Bipolar-Output |
DC | Direct Current |
SISO | Single-Inductor Single-Output |
SIMO | Single-Inductor Multiple-Output |
CCM | Continuous Conduction Mode |
DCM | Discontinuous Conduction Mode |
MAPE | Mean Absolute Percentage Error |
SD | Standard Deviation |
References
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Variable | Case Study | Vin [V] | C [μF] | L [mH] | Ix [A] | D [%] | Ts [μs] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ripple | 1 | 5.0 | 100 | 37 | 1.0 | 50 | 50 |
2 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 50 | 50 | |
Duty cycle | 3 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 0.2 | 10 | 50 |
4 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 0.2 | 30 | 50 | |
5 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 0.2 | 50 | 50 | |
6 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 0.2 | 70 | 50 | |
7 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 0.2 | 90 | 50 | |
Input voltage | 8 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 50 | 50 |
9 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 50 | 50 | |
10 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 50 | 50 | |
11 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 50 | 50 | |
12 | 10 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 50 | 50 |
Case Study | Ripple | Simulation Time [min] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OrCAD | LTspice | PSIM | ||
1 | Low | 542.9 | 399.6 | 4.500 |
2 | High | 8.500 | 6.900 | 4.700 |
Case Study | Ripple | Simulator | [V] | [V] | [V] | [A] | [V] | [V] | [V] | [A] | Max. Error Parameter |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Low | T | 10.02 | 9.828 | 9.938 | 2.000 | 0.188 | 0.188 | 0.250 | 0.003 | |
S1 | 9.903 | 9.690 | 9.831 | 1.998 | 0.164 | 0.174 | 0.250 | 0.003 | |||
S2 | 9.992 | 9.779 | 9.920 | 2.006 | 0.165 | 0.175 | 0.252 | 0.003 | |||
S3 | 10.00 | 9.789 | 9.929 | 2.000 | 0.164 | 0.174 | 0.250 | 0.003 | |||
Error [mA] o [mV] | 113.1 | 137.9 | 106.7 | 6.400 | 23.40 | 13.30 | 1.600 | 0.000 | |||
Error [%] | 1.129 | 1.403 | 1.074 | 0.320 | 12.48 | 7.093 | 0.640 | 0.000 | |||
2 | High | T | 10.16 | 8.281 | 9.375 | 2.000 | 1.875 | 1.875 | 2.500 | 0.034 | |
S1 | 10.18 | 8.280 | 9.404 | 1.996 | 1.836 | 1.859 | 2.500 | 0.034 | |||
S2 | 10.06 | 8.154 | 9.283 | 2.003 | 1.841 | 1.861 | 2.509 | 0.034 | |||
S3 | 10.08 | 8.179 | 9.305 | 1.999 | 1.834 | 1.856 | 2.500 | 0.034 | |||
Error [mA] o [mV] | 97.30 | 127.1 | 92.30 | 4.500 | 40.90 | 18.80 | 8.500 | 0.600 | |||
Error [%] | 0.958 | 1.535 | 0.985 | 0.225 | 2.181 | 1.003 | 0.340 | 1.775 |
Ripple | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | |
Low | 0.504 | 0.544 | 0.769 | 0.551 | 0.445 | 0.547 | 0.142 | 0.160 | 12.25 | 0.355 | 6.880 | 0.282 | 0.213 | 0.370 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
High | 0.640 | 0.384 | 0.931 | 0.804 | 0.681 | 0.340 | 0.133 | 0.098 | 2.020 | 0.199 | 0.862 | 0.132 | 0.120 | 0.191 | 0.690 | 0.951 |
Case Study | D [%] | Simulator | [V] | [V] | [V] | [A] | [V] | [V] | [V] | [A] | Max. Error Parameter |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 10 | T | 3.345 | 2.770 | 3.298 | 0.222 | 0.275 | 0.475 | 0.500 | 0.004 | |
S3 | 3.342 | 2.763 | 3.297 | 0.222 | 0.271 | 0.471 | 0.500 | 0.004 | |||
Error [mA] o [mV] | 2.605 | 6.916 | 1.556 | 0.027 | 4.274 | 3.913 | 0.003 | 0.017 | |||
Error [%] | 0.078 | 0.250 | 0.047 | 0.012 | 1.554 | 0.824 | 0.001 | 0.409 | |||
4 | 30 | T | 4.312 | 3.837 | 4.196 | 0.286 | 0.325 | 0.425 | 0.500 | 0.012 | |
S3 | 4.307 | 3.827 | 4.192 | 0.286 | 0.319 | 0.421 | 0.500 | 0.012 | |||
Error [mA] o [mV] | 4.772 | 10.11 | 3.634 | 0.077 | 5.949 | 3.819 | 0.001 | 0.025 | |||
Error [%] | 0.111 | 0.263 | 0.087 | 0.027 | 1.830 | 0.899 | 0.000 | 0.208 | |||
5 | 50 | T | 6.031 | 5.656 | 5.875 | 0.400 | 0.375 | 0.375 | 0.500 | 0.020 | |
S3 | 6.021 | 5.640 | 5.866 | 0.400 | 0.367 | 0.371 | 0.500 | 0.020 | |||
Error [mA] o [mV] | 10.24 | 16.35 | 9.013 | 0.115 | 8.361 | 3.703 | 0.010 | 0.037 | |||
Error [%] | 0.170 | 0.289 | 0.153 | 0.029 | 2.230 | 0.987 | 0.002 | 0.184 | |||
6 | 70 | T | 10.03 | 9.751 | 9.860 | 0.667 | 0.425 | 0.325 | 0.500 | 0.028 | |
S3 | 10.00 | 9.719 | 9.837 | 0.667 | 0.413 | 0.321 | 0.500 | 0.028 | |||
Error [mA] o [mV] | 23.83 | 31.91 | 22.53 | 0.096 | 12.36 | 3.606 | 0.016 | 0.078 | |||
Error [%] | 0.238 | 0.327 | 0.229 | 0.014 | 2.908 | 1.110 | 0.003 | 0.275 | |||
7 | 90 | T | 30.01 | 29.84 | 29.87 | 2.000 | 0.475 | 0.275 | 0.500 | 0.036 | |
S3 | 29.81 | 29.61 | 29.66 | 2.000 | 0.456 | 0.272 | 0.500 | 0.036 | |||
Error [mA] o [mV] | 202.5 | 223.2 | 201.1 | 0.147 | 18.79 | 3.455 | 0.102 | 0.259 | |||
Error [%] | 0.675 | 0.748 | 0.673 | 0.007 | 3.955 | 1.256 | 0.020 | 0.709 |
Case Study | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | |
3 to 7 | 0.254 | 0.243 | 0.376 | 0.210 | 0.238 | 0.253 | 0.018 | 0.009 | 2.496 | 0.962 | 1.015 | 0.172 | 0.005 | 0.009 | 0.357 | 0.215 |
Case Study | [V] | Simulator | [V] | [V] | [V] | [A] | [V] | [V] | [V] | [A] | Max. Error Parameter |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8 | 6 | T | 12.16 | 10.28 | 11.38 | 2.000 | 1.875 | 1.875 | 2.500 | 0.041 | |
S3 | 12.11 | 10.21 | 11.34 | 1.999 | 1.834 | 1.856 | 2.500 | 0.040 | |||
Error [mA] o [mV] | 45.98 | 73.03 | 39.74 | 0.679 | 41.19 | 18.74 | 0.132 | 0.190 | |||
Error [%] | 0.378 | 0.710 | 0.349 | 0.034 | 2.197 | 1.000 | 0.005 | 0.469 | |||
9 | 7 | T | 14.16 | 12.28 | 13.38 | 2.000 | 1.875 | 1.875 | 2.500 | 0.047 | |
S3 | 14.11 | 12.21 | 13.34 | 1.999 | 1.834 | 1.856 | 2.500 | 0.047 | |||
Error [mA] o [mV] | 43.89 | 71.45 | 37.72 | 0.555 | 41.21 | 18.82 | 0.026 | 0.203 | |||
Error [%] | 0.310 | 0.582 | 0.282 | 0.028 | 2.198 | 1.004 | 0.001 | 0.430 | |||
10 | 8 | T | 16.16 | 14.28 | 15.38 | 2.000 | 1.875 | 1.875 | 2.500 | 0.054 | |
S3 | 16.11 | 14.21 | 15.34 | 1.999 | 1.834 | 1.856 | 2.500 | 0.054 | |||
Error [mA] o [mV] | 44.26 | 72.20 | 38.10 | 0.554 | 41.28 | 18.79 | 0.026 | 0.204 | |||
Error [%] | 0.274 | 0.506 | 0.248 | 0.028 | 2.202 | 1.002 | 0.001 | 0.377 | |||
11 | 9 | T | 18.16 | 16.28 | 17.38 | 2.000 | 1.875 | 1.875 | 2.500 | 0.061 | |
S3 | 18.11 | 16.21 | 17.34 | 1.999 | 1.834 | 1.856 | 2.500 | 0.061 | |||
Error [mA] o [mV] | 44.64 | 72.95 | 38.48 | 0.554 | 41.36 | 18.76 | 0.025 | 0.204 | |||
Error [%] | 0.246 | 0.448 | 0.221 | 0.028 | 2.206 | 1.000 | 0.001 | 0.335 | |||
12 | 10 | T | 20.16 | 18.28 | 19.38 | 2.000 | 1.875 | 1.875 | 2.500 | 0.068 | |
S3 | 20.11 | 18.21 | 19.34 | 1.999 | 1.834 | 1.856 | 2.500 | 0.067 | |||
Error [mA] o [mV] | 45.01 | 73.70 | 38.86 | 0.553 | 41.43 | 18.72 | 0.024 | 0.204 | |||
Error [%] | 0.223 | 0.403 | 0.201 | 0.028 | 2.210 | 0.999 | 0.001 | 0.301 |
Case Study | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | |
8 to 12 | 0.291 | 0.055 | 0.540 | 0.109 | 0.265 | 0.053 | 0.029 | 0.003 | 2.212 | 0.027 | 1.003 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.389 | 0.059 |
Case Study | All Variables | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | MAPE [%] | SD [%] | |
1 to 2 | 0.425 | 0.447 | 2.929 | 4.529 | 1.677 | 3.367 |
3 to 7 | 0.221 | 0.230 | 0.968 | 1.081 | 0.595 | 0.859 |
8 to 12 | 0.281 | 0.195 | 0.902 | 0.859 | 0.591 | 0.690 |
All cases | 0.280 | 0.267 | 1.267 | 1.267 | 0.774 | 1.566 |
Case Study | Simulation Type | [V] | [V] | [V] | [A] | [V] | [V] | [V] | [A] | Max. Error Parameter |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | 16.16 | 14.28 | 15.38 | 2.000 | 1.875 | 1.875 | 2.500 | 0.054 | ||
10 | SR1 | 15.72 | 13.66 | 14.97 | 1.978 | 1.689 | 1.795 | 2.500 | 0.052 | |
Error [mA] o [mV] | 439.4 | 618.3 | 409.7 | 22.19 | 186.1 | 80.32 | 0.050 | 1.817 | ||
Error [%] | 2.720 | 4.330 | 2.665 | 1.109 | 9.928 | 4.284 | 0.002 | 3.362 | ||
SR2 | 13.92 | 12.02 | 13.14 | 2.000 | 1.851 | 1.898 | 2.503 | 0.047 | ||
Error [mA] o [mV] | 2237 | 2266 | 2230 | 0.497 | 24.48 | 23.27 | 2.563 | 7.416 | ||
Error [%] | 13.85 | 15.87 | 14.51 | 0.025 | 1.305 | 1.241 | 0.103 | 13.72 | ||
SR3 | 13.57 | 11.52 | 12.82 | 1.978 | 1.680 | 1.780 | 2.490 | 0.044 | ||
Error [mA] o [mV] | 2584 | 2763 | 2554 | 22.16 | 195.0 | 95.00 | 10.00 | 10.05 | ||
Error [%] | 15.99 | 19.35 | 16.61 | 1.108 | 10.40 | 5.067 | 0.400 | 18.60 |
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Casallas, I.; Urbina, R.; Paez-Rueda, C.-I.; Correa-Flórez, C.A.; Vuelvas, J.; Parraga, M.; Hay, A.-K.; Fajardo, A.; Perilla, G. A Novel Single-Inductor Bipolar-Output DC/DC Boost Converter for OLED Microdisplays. Energies 2021, 14, 6220. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196220
Casallas I, Urbina R, Paez-Rueda C-I, Correa-Flórez CA, Vuelvas J, Parraga M, Hay A-K, Fajardo A, Perilla G. A Novel Single-Inductor Bipolar-Output DC/DC Boost Converter for OLED Microdisplays. Energies. 2021; 14(19):6220. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196220
Chicago/Turabian StyleCasallas, Ingrid, Robert Urbina, Carlos-Ivan Paez-Rueda, Carlos Adrián Correa-Flórez, José Vuelvas, Manuel Parraga, Abdel-Karim Hay, Arturo Fajardo, and Gabriel Perilla. 2021. "A Novel Single-Inductor Bipolar-Output DC/DC Boost Converter for OLED Microdisplays" Energies 14, no. 19: 6220. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196220