The Role of Advocacy Coalitions in Shaping the Technological Innovation Systems: The Case of the Russian Renewable Energy Policy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
2.1. Technological Innovation System Framework
2.2. Advocacy Coalition Framework
2.3. Integration of Frameworks
3. Analytical Framework and Methods
4. Russia’s Transition toward Renewable Energy
4.1. External Events—Prerequisite for Reforms
4.2. The Establishment of Support Mechanisms in the Wholesale Market and the Emergence of Solar Industry in Russia
4.3. The Rise of the Wind Industry in Russia
4.4. The Establishment of the Support Mechanism in the Retail Market and Federal Neglect of Bioenergy
5. Strategic Relevance of Created Advocacy Coalitions
5.1. Overview of Advocacy Coalitions
5.2. Influence of Created Advocacy Coalitions on Future Policy Development
5.3. Capacity Market vs. Retail Market
6. Conclusions
6.1. Contributions to the Technological Innovation Systems Framework
6.2. Implications for Policymaking
6.3. Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Technological Innovation System | Advocacy Coalition Framework | |
---|---|---|
Starting point | “Network of agents interacting in a specific economic/industrial area under a particular institutional infrastructure or set of infrastructures and involved in the generation, diffusion, and utilization of technology” [36] (p. 111). | Cognitive approach to understand policy processes, change, and stability over periods of a decade or longer [46]. |
Focus | Technology | Policy change |
Level | Meso | Micro |
Key elements | Actors, networks, institutions, technology | Policy subsystem, actors, advocacy coalitions (public and private actors) |
Key analytical concepts | Seven key processes (system functions) are central in build-up process | Three levels in the belief system: deep core beliefs, policy core beliefs and secondary beliefs |
Key assumptions | System failures: deeper causes (systemic problems) are found in TIS structure or external structures. | Recognizes the meaning of resources (e.g., legal authority, public opinion, finance, and information) that affect the ability of a coalition to influence on policy change. Policy changes can also be triggered by factors external to the policy subsystem. |
Policy implications | Aims to accelerate the development and diffusion of a specific technology/industry. Design instruments to overcome systemic problems. Call for technology-specific policies. | Aims to understand changes in policy subsystem. The key explanatory factors of policy results and changes are not (only) the institutional inducements but rather (individual and collective) actors’ belief systems that comprise the principle of advocacy coalitions’ aggregation, and guide actors’ behaviors and issues within the policy subsystem. |
How to analyze? | (1) Snap shot analysis (2) Dynamic analysis/event analysis | (1) Dynamic analysis/event analysis (≈10 years) |
Date | Description |
---|---|
2007 | Introduction of the Federal Law No.250-FZ for the development of renewable energy sources into the main Federal Electricity Law, No. 35-FZ “On the Electric Power Industry” (2003). The Law set the framework for the use of renewable energy, and the directions for the legislation development |
2009 | Establishment of the Energy Strategy up to 2030 with the official targets intended to increase renewable energy share |
2013 | Establishment of the Decree of the Russian Government No. 449 of 28 May 2013 for the wholesale electricity and capacity market |
2015 | Establishment of the Decree of the Russian Government No. 47 of 23 January 2015 for the retail electricity market |
2016 | Russia signed the Paris agreement |
2019 | Russia approved the Paris agreement |
2020 | Establishment of the “Energy Strategy of Russia up to 2035”, which does not set any future numerical indicators for the development of renewable energy in Russia |
Solar Energy | Wind Energy | Bioenergy | |
---|---|---|---|
Russian companies | RUSNANO Management Company Vershina Development LLC VYGON Consulting Technology company Altren, LLC Allianz JSC (insurance company) Oil company Lukoil | GC Corporation GazEnergoStroy JSC center Ekoros Biopotok Mortadel-Stroy LLC EnergoRezhim LLC Kompleksnye sistemy utilizacii (Integrated recycling systems) AltEnergo LLC Promagrostroy LLC Regional centre of biotechnologies BioenergyResource-3 LLC SelhozBioGas LLC EVOBIOS LLC Agrobiotech Ltd. Eastern Logistics Company LLC JSC “Sawmill 25” JSC DOK “Enisei” JSC “NOVOENISEYSKY LHK” | |
Hevel Energy Group Helios-Resource LLC Solar Silicon technologies LLC | State Corporation Rosatom (NovaWind) ROTEC JSC LLC FVT-Service Severstal | ||
Foreign companies | Fortum PJSC (Finland) | Concern EVN (Austria) AEV Energie (Germany, Regensburg) Big Dutchman Agro (Germany) Coca-Cola HBC Russia TAHAL Consulting Engineers Ltd. (Israel) SWECO (Sweden) LANDCO SA (Luxemburg), | |
Solar Systems controlled by Amur Sirius Power Equipment (China) | Vestas (Denmark) Enel (Italy) Elawan Power LLC (Spain) Windar Renovables (Spain) Lagerwey (Barneveld, The Netherlands) | ||
Russian interest organizations | Russia Renewable Energy Association (RREDA) | Russian Biofuel Association (RBA) Technological Platform Bioenergy | |
Russian Solar Energy Association (RESA) | Russian Association of Wind Power Industry (RAWI) | ||
Research institutes/ organizations | Skolkovo Lomonosov Moscow State University National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University” Belgorod Institute of Alternative Energy Kazan State Energy University | ||
Fraunhofer ICE (Germany) CSEM (Switzerland) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) | Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University FSBEI of HE “Ulyanovsk State Technical University” | National Research Center Kurchatov Institute D.Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia Center for transfer of innovative technologies Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM Research Institute Biotin |
Authority | Number 1 of Documents | Solar Energy | Wind Energy | Bioenergy |
---|---|---|---|---|
President of Russia (http://kremlin.ru) | 28 | 13 | 10 | 5 |
Russian Government (http://government.ru) | 27 | 10 | 10 | 7 |
Ministry of Energy (https://minenergo.gov.ru) | 45 | 24 | 20 | 1 |
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (https://www.mnr.gov.ru) | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
Total: | 108 | 45% | 39% | 16% |
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Nevzorova, T.; Kutcherov, V. The Role of Advocacy Coalitions in Shaping the Technological Innovation Systems: The Case of the Russian Renewable Energy Policy. Energies 2021, 14, 6941. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14216941
Nevzorova T, Kutcherov V. The Role of Advocacy Coalitions in Shaping the Technological Innovation Systems: The Case of the Russian Renewable Energy Policy. Energies. 2021; 14(21):6941. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14216941
Chicago/Turabian StyleNevzorova, Tatiana, and Vladimir Kutcherov. 2021. "The Role of Advocacy Coalitions in Shaping the Technological Innovation Systems: The Case of the Russian Renewable Energy Policy" Energies 14, no. 21: 6941. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14216941