Measurement of the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Thermal Degradation for a Flame Retardant Polyurethane-Based Aerogel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Experimental Methods
2.1. Materials and the Sample Preparation
2.2. Simultaneous Thermal Analysis Experiments (STA)
2.3. Microscale Combustion Calorimeter Experiments (MCC)
3. Modeling
3.1. Numerical Framework
3.2. Modeling Setup
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Inverse Modeling of the TGA Data for the FR_PU_aerogel
4.2. Inverse Modeling of the DSC Data for the FR_PU_aerogel
4.3. Inverse Modeling of the MCC Data for the FR_PU_aerogel
4.4. Model Performance at the Different Heating Rates
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Symbols | |
Time [s] | |
Heat capacity [J kg−1 K−1] | |
heat of combustion | |
Thermal conductivity [W m−1 K−1] | |
Mass [kg] (m0 is the initial sample mass) | |
Arbitrary property (see Equation (8)) | |
Heat flux due to radiation, thermal conduction or convection [W m−2] | |
Reaction rate [kg m−3 s−1] | |
Axial direction [m] | |
Radial direction [m] | |
Arrhenius pre-exponential factor [s−1] | |
Activation energy [J mol−1] | |
Radiant flux [W m−2] | |
Mass flux [kg m−2 s−1] | |
Number of components | |
Number of reactions | |
Universal gas constant [J mol−1 K−1] | |
Temperature [K] | |
Stoichiometric mass coefficient | |
Mass concentration [kg m−3] | |
Mass transport coefficient [m2 s−1] | |
Absorption coefficient [m2 kg−1] | |
Emissivity | |
Density [kg m−3] | |
Stefan-Boltzmann constant [W m−2 K−4] | |
Subscripts | |
Radiation from external sources | |
Maximum mass loss rate or temperature at which the maximum occurs | |
Re-radiation from sample material | |
Radial direction | |
Superscripts | |
Net radiation | |
Exponent for last term in Equation (8) |
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Reaction | A (s−1) | E (J mol−1) | h (J kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 108 | 105 | 104 |
2 | 1013 | 105 | 103 |
3 | 107 | 105 | 105 |
4 | 109 | 105 | 105 |
5 | 109 | 105 | 104 |
6 | 101 | 104 | 105 |
Heating Rate (K min−1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 0.08347 | 0.002248 | 0.003352 | −0.5804 |
10 | 0.16680 | 0.002443 | 0.003720 | −0.5891 |
20 | 0.33350 | 0.002763 | 0.004508 | −0.5933 |
60 | 0.99330 | 0.019260 | −0.01770 | −1.1890 |
Component | |
---|---|
FR_PU_aerogel | −529 + 4.6T |
FR_PU_aerogel_int1 | −529 + 4.6T |
FR_PU_aerogel_int2 | −529 + 4.6T |
FR_PU_aerogel_int3 | 555 + 2.35T |
FR_PU_aerogel_int4 | 555 + 2.35T |
FR_PU_aerogel_int5 | 555 + 2.35T |
FR_PU_aerogel_res | 1700 |
Component | Component | ||
---|---|---|---|
FR_PU_aerogel gas1 | 107 | FR_PU_aerogel gas4 | 107 |
FR_PU_aerogel gas2 | 107 | FR_PU_aerogel gas5 | 107 |
FR_PU_aerogel gas3 | 107 | FR_PU_aerogel gas6 | 107 |
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Wang, X.; Ding, Y.; Chen, Z.; Tang, C.; Ren, X.; Hu, H.; Fang, Q. Measurement of the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Thermal Degradation for a Flame Retardant Polyurethane-Based Aerogel. Energies 2022, 15, 6982. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15196982
Wang X, Ding Y, Chen Z, Tang C, Ren X, Hu H, Fang Q. Measurement of the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Thermal Degradation for a Flame Retardant Polyurethane-Based Aerogel. Energies. 2022; 15(19):6982. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15196982
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Xinyang, Yan Ding, Zhanwen Chen, Chuyan Tang, Xingyu Ren, Hongyun Hu, and Qingyan Fang. 2022. "Measurement of the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Thermal Degradation for a Flame Retardant Polyurethane-Based Aerogel" Energies 15, no. 19: 6982. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15196982