Study of Hybrid Transmission HVAC/HVDC by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The authors constructed models and simulations that changed several types of bus lines (HVAC) to buses (HVDC) in the SUMBAGUT 150 kV so that the transmission system became a hybrid. Some transmissions used the HVDC system, and some used the HVAC system using particle swarm optimization algorithms to get optimal locations. A comparative analysis between the simulation results of HVDC Transmission and Hybrid transmission (HVAC/HVDC) with PSO algorithms is a novel aspect of the current research.
- The authors use a monopolar metallic current return HVDC configuration in the transmission system.
- This study aims to determine which transmission methods can feasibly be replaced with HVDC transmission systems to produce a transmission system with the least possible losses.
- The power flow analysis method is analyzed in multiple bus systems using the Newton–Raphson method because it produces better calculations for large power systems.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
- Determine the size of the swarm and determine the initial value of the position and velocity of the particle randomly.
- Evaluate the value of the objective function for each particle.
- Determine the first Gbest and Pbest.
- Calculate the speed in the next iteration with Equation (6).
- In these equations, the following variables are used: Iteration; 1,2,3,…n; random number; and acceleration coefficient.
- Determine the position of the particle in the next iteration using the following Equation (7).
- Evaluate the value of the objective function in the next iteration.
- Update the Pbest and Gbest
3. Results
3.1. Transmission System Power Flow SUMBAGUT 150 kV (HVAC)
3.2. Determination and Placement of HVDC Transmission Locations
3.3. Transmission HVDC of the Power Flow SUMBAGUT 150 kV
3.3.1. Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Paya Geli (Bus 7)
3.3.2. Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Sei Rotan (Bus 11)
3.3.3. Renun (Bus 66)–Sidikalang (Bus 63)
3.3.4. Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Paya Geli (Bus 7) and Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Sei Rotan (Bus 11)
3.3.5. Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Paya Geli (Bus 7) and Renun (Bus 66)–Sidikalang (Bus 63)
3.3.6. Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Sei Rotan (Bus 11) and Renun (Bus 66)–Sidikalang (Bus 63)
3.3.7. Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Paya Geli (Bus 7), Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Sei Rotan (Bus 11), and Renun (Bus 66)–Sidikalang (Bus 63)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The best line locations for conversion to hybrid HVAC/HVDC are the 150 kV Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Paya Geli (Bus 7) transmission line (21 km), the 150 kV Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Sei Rotan (Bus 11) transmission line (24 km), and the Renun (Bus 66)–Sidikalang (bus 63) transmission line (25 km), which were shown to have transmission losses of 5731 kW, 5179 kW, and 6080 kW, respectively. The network loss before HVAC was 68.41 MW. This shows that the transmission loss decreased after HVDC installation.
- The best combination of channels was the combination of these three transmission lines into a hybrid HVAC/HVDC. The 150 kV transmission conversion of Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Paya Geli (Bus 7), Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Sei Rotan (Bus 11), and Renun (Bus 66)–Sidikalang (Bus 63) gave the best channel conversion results with a total power loss of 38.71 MW for the entire SUMBAGUT transmission system, which represents a decrease of 43.41%. It was also shown that HVDC network losses experienced a very large decrease with the conversion of three transmission lines to HVDC compared with two transmission lines. Not only were network losses improved in the HVDC transmission system, but the voltage profile also improved.
- The HVDC transmission system is the most efficient transmission system for delivering power, not only in terms of its ability to overcome power losses based on the line length but also due to its ability to efficiently conduct power when the transmission end has a very large load.
- Particle swarm optimization was used to optimize the HVDC system, and the objective functions for the rectifier and inverter were evaluated individually. It was noted that the step change optimization solution had met the requirements for the stability and dynamic performance of the HVDC system.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Bus Type | Bus Name | Number of Buses |
---|---|---|
Slack Bus | BLWCC | 1 |
Bus Generator | BLWTU, PPASR, ARUMG, SIGLI, BACEH, NAGAN, KTJNG, HASANG, LBAGN, SPAN1, SPAN2, RENUN, WAMPU, TPSIL dan TPNIL. | 15 |
Bus Beban | LBHAN, LHTMA, MABAR, PGELI, GLUGR, BNJAI, PBDN, SROTN, GIKIM, TTKNG, GISLS, NRMBE, GLANG, N.DOLOK, DENAI, TMORA, KLNMU, PBUNG, LNGSA, TLCUT, IDIE, PLTBU, LSMWE, BIRUN, TKGON, SMNGA, JNTHO, BLGPD, MLBOH, TBING, GPARA, PSTAR, SMKEI, KSRAN, AKNPN, RTPAT, KTPNG, GNTUA, PSDEM, NPSDM, PYBGN, SORIK MERAPI, MRTBE, SBOGA, TRTUG, PORSA, SMKUK, GDOSA, TELE, PGRUN, SDKAL, SRUBE, SBLSM, BTAGI, SRULA dan KTCNE. | 56 |
Amount | 72 |
Transmission | Power Loss (MW) | Efficiency (%) |
---|---|---|
Initial Conditions | 68.41 | - |
Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Paya Geli (Bus 7) | 57.31 | 16.22 |
Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Sei Rotan (Bus 11) | 51.79 | 24.29 |
Renun (Bus 66)–Sidikalang (Bus 63) | 60.8 | 11.12 |
Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Paya Geli (Bus 7) and Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Sei Rotan (Bus 11) | 45.7 | 33.19 |
Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Paya Geli (Bus 7) and Renun (Bus 66)–Sidikalang (Bus 63) | 49.95 | 26.98 |
Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Sei Rotan (Bus 11) and Renun (Bus 66)–Sidikalang (Bus 63) | 44.69 | 34.67 |
Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Paya Geli (Bus 7), Paya Pasir (Bus 5)–Sei Rotan (Bus 11), and Renun (Bus 66)–Sidikalang (Bus 63) | 38.71 | 43.41 |
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Siregar, Y.; Pardede, C. Study of Hybrid Transmission HVAC/HVDC by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Energies 2022, 15, 7638. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207638
Siregar Y, Pardede C. Study of Hybrid Transmission HVAC/HVDC by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Energies. 2022; 15(20):7638. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207638
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiregar, Yulianta, and Credo Pardede. 2022. "Study of Hybrid Transmission HVAC/HVDC by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)" Energies 15, no. 20: 7638. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207638