Overhead transmission lines (OTL) are the worldwide standard system used to transport energy over long distances. The simultaneous action of wind and rain on infrastructure facilities such as overhead transmission line is a phenomenon often encountered, both in the case of normal wind and heavy wind, with values exceeding the speeds indicated in the wind standards, e.g., Eurocodes, such as tornadoes or hurricanes, which accompanied by heavy rainfall. Another important aspect is the aerodynamic phenomena that accompany the wind flow around the OTL under the influence of wind and rain as single lines or in groups, particularly turbulence effects. Dynamic analysis of the OTL response allows for the comprehensive identification of phenomena that affect the durability of infrastructure. From the point of view of the conducted analyses, it is worth paying attention to in-situ research, laboratory tests, and numerical simulations. The literature review is presented in this wide context, confirming that the discussed topics are still relevant and that the presented issues require further analysis. The methodology proposed by the authors of this paper and the used tools, supported by the results of the analyzes, lead to the conclusion that the paper is the next step in the investigation of the response of OTL under wind and rain excitation, revealing another picture of OTL behavior, not yet presented in the literature. Confirming the above statement, in the paper [
1], an OTL with three spans was analyzed with rain and wind loads. The horizontal component of the load acting on the line was the sum of the horizontal drop-impinging force and the force of the wind. The authors pointed out the need for further research on the drag parameters of the conductor with the excitation of rain and wind, as there was insufficient information in the literature on that subject. The analysis showed a significant role in the rain load. Choi in [
2] focused on the rain and wind action with special attention to the effects of gusts. The flow pattern around the structure was analyzed based on the solution of the Navier-Stokes equation. In [
3] the formula of rain load based on the motion state of droplets and the law of conservation of momentum to study the rain load acting on a transmission tower was presented. The obtained results indicated that the impact of raindrop impinging force on the tower’s response could be neglected, therefore the most attention should be paid to the influence of the rainfall on the aerodynamic property due to the water film on the surface of the tower and line. Zhang et al. [
4] presented the effects of the tower-line system’s wind-induced vibrations. This study analyzed the dynamic tower-line response for various wind speeds and directions. In the [
5] the vibrations of coupled transmission tower-line system caused by the wind were presented. Based on the analyzed models, the wind-induced response of the transmission tower-line system in time history was performed. The wind-induced vibration coefficient was analyzed. The analysis was carried out for various points in the height of the tower and the different spans of the conductors. The wind-induced vibration coefficient of transmission towers changed below the cross arm of the transmission tower, and in the cross-arm position exists a surge. McClure and Lapointe [
6] presented the dynamic analysis of OTL responses due to unbalanced loads. The analysis could be useful in the calculation of other problems related to damage to the elements of the tower or suspension string. Dua et al. [
7] analyzed the OTL under turbulent wind load. The authors emphasized that the transmission line response had a non-Gaussian nature which should be investigated in future research. Barbieri et al. [
8,
9,
10] presented in their works the dynamical analysis of the transmission line cables. In [
8] authors calculated the eigenvalues and eigenvectors through analytical and experimental methods. They estimated the damping ratio for the first five eigendata through search and complex envelope techniques. The authors noticed that the damping ratio increased with the increase of the length of the sample and decreased with the increase of the mechanical load. In [
9] authors focused on damping estimation in the dynamics of transmission line cables. The main achievement was the estimation of the damping matrix of the system with three procedures that were used: interpolation of a fourth-order function, using an auxiliary modal damping matrix, and using the iterative procedure. In [
10] authors used nonlinear mathematical models for simulation of the dynamical behavior of the non-inclined and inclined sagged transmission lines cables. The numerical models were obtained through the finite element method. For validation of the mathematical nonlinear models, the simulated results were compared with experimental data obtained in an automated testing system for overhead line cables. The authors observed strong in-plane modal coupling phenomena for cables with Irvine parameters near avoided crossing points and concluded that fluctuations of the load cable or an increase of central sag could change the natural frequencies of the system. The purpose of the paper [
11] was to analyze the vibrations of the power transmission line in the natural environment and compare them with the results obtained in the numerical simulations. Analysis was performed for natural and wind-excited vibrations. The numerical model was made using SEM. In the spectral model, for various parameters of stiffness, damping, and tension force, the system response was checked and compared with the results of the accelerations obtained in the situ measurements. In the paper [
12], the response of overhead transmission lines in turbulent wind flow with the use of the spectral method was investigated. The numerical analysis investigated the vibrations of the conductor due to different parameters of turbulence. For comparison, the excitation of the sine function was investigated. Spectra of longitudinal wind velocity for the numerical case, as well as the spectra of Karman, FSU, and the proposal of the author’s models were analyzed. Couniham and ESDU integral length scales were performed. Castello and Matt [
13] presented the modeling of an electrical conductor subjected to small displacements and damping with additional parameter estimation via Bayesian Inference. In [
14] authors analyzed the numerical model of a conductor and the results compared to those one received in the laboratory tests. The authors presented the estimates for the bending stiffness and damping parameters of a conductor. In [
15] a numerical model, taking into consideration the ice shedding was analyzed. Fluid-structure interaction methodology was used by Keyhan et al. [
16]. The method yielded a more accurate representation of pressure loads acting on moving conductors than provided by the pseudo-static pressure calculation based on Bernoulli’s equation, which is the current approach used in the design. The results based on the proposed method were compared to those obtained using the Bernoulli load model using four natural wind records to perform a nonlinear dynamic analysis. Yin et al. [
17] presented the used vibration data, measured from sensors to detect structural damage in the transmission towers. The final load patterns for the tower structures using FEM were presented in the [
18]. In [
19] authors underlined that the forces from the cables to the tower cannot be neglected in the damage identification analysis. Tian et al. [
20] analyzed the broken lines, ice, and wind as an additional load. The analysis was based on an explicit algorithm. The advanced static and dynamic analysis was presented in [
21]. Authors in [
22] gave practical information on modeling techniques to be used for lattice structures. For the purpose of the experiments, an 8 m long section of a transmission line tower was built in the laboratory, pulled at different levels of solicitation, and left to vibrate freely after the load was suddenly released. Numerical modeling was also conducted and compared to the experimental results. In the paper [
23], the results of full-scale measurements and a time series analysis for the wind-induced vibration of a transmission line system in terms of the effects of the coupling motion between a steel tower and conductors were described. The authors emphasized that the coupling response characteristics were prominent in a longitudinal direction and were affected by the modeling manner of the supporting condition of the end of the conductors. The results of the paper [
24] presented the differences in the response characteristics, and the peak factors computed from a time-series response were greater than those computed from power spectrum density. In the paper [
25], the application of the pendulum damper was analyzed to reduce the vibration coming from the wind. In [
26] the influence of a single wire on vibration was investigated. The specific behavior of the OTL system could be observed under heavy wind loads. Hamada and El Damatty [
27,
28] presented influnece of tornado on OTL. Li [
29] carried out a wind tunnel experimental test in the OTL prototype and developed a probabilistic analysis monitoring possible failure in the structure submitted to different periods of wind return. Therefore, fast and accurate techniques have been explored for the dynamic and monitoring analysis of OTL. Computational fluid dynamics, especially in the field of drag and lift forces, is an important source of information supplementing wind tunnel research. Meynen et al. [
30], based on Navier–Stokes equations investigated the vibrations due to the flow around the cable. Gołebiowska and Dutkiewicz [
31] modeled the flow past the Stockbridge-type damper attached to the overhead transmission line determining aerodynamic drag and lift coefficients and the pressure around them and in their wakes. In [
32,
33], the element shape functions were obtained from the analytical solution of governing differential equations and the dynamic system solution was written in the frequency domain. In [
34] the spectral and finite element method was used for the analysis of cable’s damage in relation to frequency response functions. Dutkiewicz et al. [
35] investigated the SEM model due to a change in section area and axial force acting on the cable. In [
36] authors presented the comparison of the cable’s natural frequencies resulting from measurements and numerical simulations. The research included, among others, wave number sensitivity and damping. In [
37] the Wittrick–Williams algorithm for solving the transcendental eigenvalue problem of the line was presented. The application of SEM for rods and high-order spectral elements analysis were presented in works [
32,
38,
39,
40]. This work presents a transmission line dynamic analysis with the application of SEM and FEM verification. The purposes of the research are addressed to the major issues: (i) to describe the truss spectral elements using different rods order elements and compare the efficiency of each approach to model the tower; (ii) to use SEM to model the OTL combining truss and cable elements; (iii) to demonstrate the dynamic coupling behavior of the tower and connecting cable; (iv) to predict the response of the OTL with rain and wind loads.