Reducing CO2 Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants by Utilising Renewable Energy Sources—Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Case Study
Stages of Incorporating Renewable Energy Sources into a Sewage Treatment Facility
3. Methodology
- CO2emission—carbon dioxide emission volume, kgCO2/1 MWh;
- ENTotDem—the total electricity demand of the wastewater treatment plant, MWh;
- ENTotOwn—the total amount of self-generated electricity from photovoltaics and cogeneration consumed at the wastewater treatment plant, MWh;
- EF—the load factor for 1 MWh of electricity generated and consumed by the end user, kgCO2/1 MWh.
4. Results
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
AD | anaerobic digestion |
BHKW | heating and power unit |
BOD5 | biochemical oxygen demand |
COD | chemical oxygen demand |
CO2 | carbon dioxide |
d.m. | dry matter |
d.o.m. | dry organic matter |
GHG | greenhouse gases |
Ntot | total nitrogen |
PE | population equivalent |
Ptot | total phosphorus |
PV | photovoltaic |
RES | renewable energy sources |
TSS | total suspended solids |
WWTP | wastewater treatment plant |
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Number of Active Treatment Plants | Total Quantity Wastewater Generated in Metropolitan Areas | Total Volume of Municipal Wastewater Treated Throughout the Year | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PE Range | Total | Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant with Enhanced Elimination of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds | Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant | Includes the Number of Treatment Plants that Satisfy the Regulatory Standards | ||
(thous m3/year) | ||||||
≥150,000 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 52 | 870,536 | 865,735 |
≥100,000 <150,000 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 115,011 | 120,971 |
≥15,000 <100,000 | 379 | 361 | 18 | 360 | 600,224 | 700,675 |
≥10,000 <15,000 | 134 | 98 | 36 | 106 | 60,736 | 66,308 |
≥2000 <10,000 | 1044 | 132 | 912 | 1006 | 882,396 | 717,959 |
<2000 | 26 | 0 | 26 | 23 | 1564 | 1189 |
TOTAL | 1664 | 672 | 992 | 1572 | 2,530,467 | 2,472,837 |
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Płuciennik-Koropczuk, E.; Myszograj, S.; Mąkowski, M. Reducing CO2 Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants by Utilising Renewable Energy Sources—Case Study. Energies 2022, 15, 8446. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228446
Płuciennik-Koropczuk E, Myszograj S, Mąkowski M. Reducing CO2 Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants by Utilising Renewable Energy Sources—Case Study. Energies. 2022; 15(22):8446. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228446
Chicago/Turabian StylePłuciennik-Koropczuk, Ewelina, Sylwia Myszograj, and Mirosław Mąkowski. 2022. "Reducing CO2 Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants by Utilising Renewable Energy Sources—Case Study" Energies 15, no. 22: 8446. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228446