A Parameter Design Method for a Wireless Power Transmission System with a Uniform Magnetic Field
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Magnetic Field Calculation Method
2.1. Calculation of Magnetic Induction Intensity
2.2. Calculation of Electrical Parameters
3. Outer-Layer Parameter Design Based on a Regular DD Coil
3.1. Influence of the Outer Coil Diameter on the Magnetic Field
3.2. Influence of the Inner Coil Diameter on the Magnetic Field
4. Inner-Layer Parameter Design Based on a Regular DD Coil
4.1. Double-Spacing DD Coil
4.2. Combined DD Coil
4.3. Comparison of the Magnetic Field Distributions
5. Experimental Verification
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Budhia, M.; Boys, J.T.; Covic, G.A. Development of a Single-Sided Flux Magnetic Coupler for Electric Vehicle IPT Charging Systems. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2013, 60, 318–328. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hui, S.Y.R.; Zhong, W.; Lee, C.K. A Critical Review of Recent Progress in Mid-Range Wireless Power Transfer. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2014, 29, 4500–4511. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Krishnan, S.; Bhuyan, S.; Kumar, V.P. Frequency agile resonance-based wireless charging system for Electric Vehicles. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference, Greenville, SC, USA, 4–8 March 2012; pp. 1–4. [Google Scholar]
- Masato, C.; Yuichi, N. Novel Core Structure and Iron-loss Modeling for Contactless Power Transfer System of Electric Vehicle. IEEJ Trans. Ind. Appl. 2012, 132, 9–16. [Google Scholar]
- Takanashi, H.; Sato, Y.; Kaneko, Y. A large air gap 3 kW wireless power transfer system for electric vehicles. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Raleigh, NC, USA, 15–20 September 2012. [Google Scholar]
- Lin, F.Y.; Carretero, C.; Covic, G. Reduced order modelling of the coupling factor for varying sized pads used in wireless power transfer. IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrif. 2017, 3, 321–331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mohamed, A.; An, S.; Mohammed, O. Coil design optimization of power pad in IPT system for electric vehicle applications. IEEE Trans. Magn. 2018, 54, 1–5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Esteban, B.; Sid-Ahmed, M.; Kar, N.C. A Comparative Study of Power Supply Architectures in Wireless EV Charging Systems. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2015, 11, 6408–6422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yao, Y.; Wang, Y. A Novel Unsymmetrical Coupling Structure Based on Concentrated Magnetic Flux for High-Misalignment IPT Applications. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2018, 34, 3110–3123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Budhia, M.; Covic, G.A.; Boys, J.T. Design and Optimization of Circular Magnetic Structures for Lumped Inductive Power Transfer Systems. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2011, 26, 3096–3108. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zaheer, A.; Hao, H.; Covic, G.A. Investigation of Multiple Decoupled Coil Primary Pad Topologies in Lumped IPT Systems for Interoperable Electric Vehicle Charging. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2015, 30, 1937–1955. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Song, K.; Yang, G.; Guo, Y. Design of DD Coil with High Misalignment Tolerance and Low EMF Emissions for Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Systems. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2020, 35, 9034–9045. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, L.; Li, J.; Chen, H.; Pan, Z. Radial-Flux Rotational Wireless Power Transfer System With Rotor State Identification. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2022, 37, 6206–6216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Feng, H.; Cai, T.; Duan, S.; Zhang, X.; Hu, H.; Niu, J. A Dual-Side-Detuned Series–Series Compensated Resonant Converter for Wide Charging Region in a Wireless Power Transfer System. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2018, 65, 2177–2188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Michael, L.; Oliver, K.; Johann, W. Inductive Power Transfer Efficiency Limit of a Flat Half-Filled Disc Coil Pair. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2018, 33, 9154–9162. [Google Scholar]
- Alvarez, A.; Franco-Mejia, E.; Pinedo-Jaramillo, C.R. Study and Analysis of Magnetic Field Homogeneity of Square and Circular Helmholtz Coil Pairs: A Taylor Series Approximation In Proceedings of the 2012 VI Andean Region International Conference, Cuenca, Ecuador, 7–9 November 2012.
- Fotopoulou, K.; Flynn, B.W. Wireless Power Transfer in Loosely Coupled Links: Coil Misalignment Model. IEEE Trans. Magn. 2011, 47, 416–430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Y.; Wang, L.; Guo, Y. Optimization of Planar Rectangular Coil Achieving Uniform Magnetic Field Distribution for EV Wireless Charging Based on Genetic Algorithm. IET Power Electron. 2019, 12, 2706–2712. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Diao, Y.; Shen, Y.; Gao, Y. Design of coil structure achieving uniform magnetic field distribution for wireless charging platform In Proceedings of the 2011 4th International Conference on Power Electronics Systems and Applications, Hong Kong, China, 8–10 June 2011.
- Casanova, J.; Zhen, N.; Lin, J. Transmitting coil achieving uniform magnetic field distribution for planar wireless power transfer system, 2009. In Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA, USA, 18–22 January 2009; pp. 530–533. [Google Scholar]
- Huang, J.; Hong, T.; Bojarski, M. Design algorithm of a uniform magnetic field transmitter intended for the wireless charging of electric vehicles. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC), Florence, Italy, 17–19 December 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Jin, W.K.; Son, H.C.; Kim, D.H. Wireless power transfer for free positioning using compact planar multiple self-resonators. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Innovative Wireless Power Transmission: Technologies, Systems, and Applications, Kyoto, Japan, 10–11 May 2012. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, X.; Hui, S. Optimal Design of a Hybrid Winding Structure for Planar Contactless Battery Charging Platform. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2008, 23, 455–463. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, X.; Han, W.; Liu, C. Marker-Free Coil-Misalignment Detection Approach Using TMR Sensor Array for Dynamic Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles. IEEE Trans. Magn. 2018, 54, 1–5. [Google Scholar]
- Kallel, B.; Kanoun, O.; Trabelsi, H. Large air gap misalignment tolerable multi-coil inductive power transfer for wireless sensors. IET Power Electron. 2016, 9, 1768–1774. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bs, A.; Fy, A.; Chao, H.B. Modelling and improvement of oscillation problem in a double-sided LCC compensation network for electric vehicle wireless power transfer. Transportation 2021, 8, 100108. [Google Scholar]
- Deng, J.; Pang, B.; Shi, W.; Wang, Z. Magnetic Integration of LCC Compensation Topology with Minimized Extra Coupling Effects for Wireless EV Charger. Energy Procedia 2017, 105, 2281–2286. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, J.; Liu, Z.; Su, H. Passivity-Based PI Control for AGVs Wireless Power Transfer System. IFAC-PapersOnLine 2020, 53, 5801–5806. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Villa, J.L.; Sallan, J.; Osorio, J. High-Misalignment Tolerant Compensation Topology For ICPT Systems. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2011, 59, 945–951. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yan, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, K. Fault-Tolerant Wireless Power Transfer System with a Dual-Coupled LCC-S Topology. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2019, 68, 11838–11846. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Symbol | Description | Range of Value |
---|---|---|
A | Outer diameter in X | [200, 600] mm |
B | Outer diameter in Y | [200, 600] mm |
a | Inner diameter in X | [96, 160] mm |
b | Inner diameter in Y | [296, 360] mm |
N | Number of turns | [6, 14] |
p | Spacing of turns | [2, 10] mm |
pi | Spacing of the inner group | [2, 6] mm |
po | Spacing of the outer group | [2, 6] mm |
pg | Spacing between the two groups | [25, 45] mm |
β | Ratio of the inner and outer spacings | [1, 3] |
H | Transmission distance | [100, 200] mm |
S | Side length of the charging area | [100, 600] mm |
I | Current amplitude | 10 A |
(x, y, z) | Coordinates of the source point | arbitrary |
(m, n, o) | Coordinates of a field point | arbitrary |
R | Distance between test points | R ≥ H |
α | Index of uniformity | [0, 1] |
Design Type | Maximum Point | Calculated Data (μT) | Simulated Data (μT) | Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regular | (−0.046,0) | 3.65 × 10-4 | 3.81 × 10-4 | −4.1% |
Double | (3.846,−0.051) | 3.28 × 10-4 | 3.36 × 10-4 | −2.4% |
Combined | (0.046,0.032) | 3.03 × 10-4 | 3.22 × 10-4 | −5.9% |
Design type | Minimum point | Calculated data (μT) | Simulated data (μT) | Deviation |
Regular | (−0.068,−0.1) | 2.6 × 10-4 | 2.76 × 10-4 | −5.8% |
Double | (−0.068,−0.02) | 2.3 × 10-4 | 2.39 × 10-4 | −3.8% |
Combined | (−0.046,0.006) | 2.34 × 10-4 | 2.48 × 10-4 | −5.6% |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Outer diameter of the transmitting coil | 400 mm |
Wire diameter of the transceiver coils | 2 mm |
Number of turns of the transmitting coil | 12 |
Outer diameter of the receiving coil | 250 mm |
Number of turns of the receiving coil | 13 |
Inductance of the regular transmitting coil | 91.804 μH |
Inductance of the combined transmitting coil | 111.483 μH |
Inductance of the receiving coil | 44.945 μH |
Parameter | Value | Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|---|
L3 | 46 μH | C1 | 10 nF |
L4 | 36.8 μH | C2 | 29.5 nF |
C3 | 27 nF | C4 | 23.6 nF |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Ji, L.; Zhang, C.; Ge, F.; Qian, B.; Sun, H. A Parameter Design Method for a Wireless Power Transmission System with a Uniform Magnetic Field. Energies 2022, 15, 8829. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15238829
Ji L, Zhang C, Ge F, Qian B, Sun H. A Parameter Design Method for a Wireless Power Transmission System with a Uniform Magnetic Field. Energies. 2022; 15(23):8829. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15238829
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi, Li, Chi Zhang, Fuchen Ge, Buren Qian, and Hongjun Sun. 2022. "A Parameter Design Method for a Wireless Power Transmission System with a Uniform Magnetic Field" Energies 15, no. 23: 8829. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15238829