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Volume 15
Issue 3
10.3390/en15030941
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Article

System Simulation and Analysis of an LNG-Fueled SOFC System Using Additively Manufactured High Temperature Heat Exchangers

by
Jan Hollmann
1,*,
Marco Fuchs
1,
Carsten Spieker
2,
Ulrich Gardemann
2,
Michael Steffen
2,
Xing Luo
1 and
Stephan Kabelac
1
1
Institute of Thermodynamics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
2
Zentrum für BrennstoffzellenTechnik GmbH, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2022, 15(3), 941; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030941
Submission received: 20 December 2021 / Revised: 23 January 2022 / Accepted: 24 January 2022 / Published: 27 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fuel Cell-Based and Hybrid Power Generation Systems Modeling)
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Abstract

A laboratory-scale solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a fuel is designed to be used as an energy converter on seagoing vessels (MultiSchIBZ project). The presented system design phase is supported by thermodynamic system simulation. As heat integration plays a crucial role with regard to fuel recirculation and endothermic pre-reforming, the heat exchanger and pre-reforming component models need to exhibit a high degree of accuracy throughout the entire operating range. Compact additively manufactured tube-bundle and plate-fin heat exchangers are designed to achieve high heat exchange efficiencies at low pressure losses. Their heat transfer correlations are derived from experimental component tests under operating conditions. A simulation study utilizing these heat exchanger characteristics is carried out for four configuration variants of pre-reforming and heat integration. Their system behaviour is analyzed with regard to the degree of pre-reforming and the outlet temperature of the fuel processing module. The combination of allothermal pre-reforming with additively manufactured plate-fin heat exchangers exhibits the best heat integration performance at nominal full load and yields a partial load capability to up to 60% electrical load at net electrical efficiencies of 58 to 60% (LHV).
Keywords: solid oxide fuel cell; fuel cell system design; maritime application; steam reforming; anode off-gas recirculation; additively manufactured heat exchangers solid oxide fuel cell; fuel cell system design; maritime application; steam reforming; anode off-gas recirculation; additively manufactured heat exchangers

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hollmann, J.; Fuchs, M.; Spieker, C.; Gardemann, U.; Steffen, M.; Luo, X.; Kabelac, S. System Simulation and Analysis of an LNG-Fueled SOFC System Using Additively Manufactured High Temperature Heat Exchangers. Energies 2022, 15, 941. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030941

AMA Style

Hollmann J, Fuchs M, Spieker C, Gardemann U, Steffen M, Luo X, Kabelac S. System Simulation and Analysis of an LNG-Fueled SOFC System Using Additively Manufactured High Temperature Heat Exchangers. Energies. 2022; 15(3):941. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030941

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hollmann, Jan, Marco Fuchs, Carsten Spieker, Ulrich Gardemann, Michael Steffen, Xing Luo, and Stephan Kabelac. 2022. "System Simulation and Analysis of an LNG-Fueled SOFC System Using Additively Manufactured High Temperature Heat Exchangers" Energies 15, no. 3: 941. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030941

APA Style

Hollmann, J., Fuchs, M., Spieker, C., Gardemann, U., Steffen, M., Luo, X., & Kabelac, S. (2022). System Simulation and Analysis of an LNG-Fueled SOFC System Using Additively Manufactured High Temperature Heat Exchangers. Energies, 15(3), 941. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030941

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