A Comprehensive Assessment of Two-Phase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Micro-Fin Tubes Using Pure and Blended Eco-Friendly Refrigerants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Heat Transfer Enhancement Mechanisms
- Extended surface area impact: The employment of micro-fins inside the smooth tube results in an extension in the surface area, and the ratio of these micro-fins might range anywhere from 1.2 to 1.8. The number of fins, their height, and the helix angle all significantly affect the outcome.
- Enhanced convective heat transfer method: Micro-finned tubes function similarly in two-phase flow, as ribs are utilized in single-phase flow to increase the convective heat transfer across annular flow boiling.
- Flow patterns impact: The micro-fins with helical geometry regularly convert stratified-wavy flow into an annular flow regime that is more efficient in heat transfer, which means all the wall perimeter inside the tube is wetter and more active than that of smooth tubes.
- Nucleate boiling heat transfer method: The micro-fins help to activate the nucleation sites by slightly protecting the cavities.
- Swirl flow effect: Enhanced micro-fins transmit swirl to the annular flow liquid film and hold back the inception of higher vapor qualities.
3. Recent Experiments on Micro-Fin Using Pure and Blends
4. Flow Boiling Models
4.1. Generalized Flow Boiling Models
4.2. Flow Boiling Models for Pure Refrigerants
4.3. Flow Boiling Models for Blended Refrigerants
5. Overview
- Micro-fin tubes improve the heat-exchanging surface area.
- Micro-fin tubes induce turbulence to the liquid phase, hence improving the HTC.
- Micro-fin tubes improve HTC by developing the effect of surface tension on the liquid phase.
- Many types of heat transfer equipment, including heat pumps, RAC systems, HVAC systems, and chillers, employ micro-fin tubes to improve HTC in single- and two-phase modes.
- For future reference, long-term miniaturized cooling systems should be built to address the energy recovery issue, i.e., removing and reusing vast amounts of heat in storage systems.
6. Concluding Remarks
7. Challenges and Possible Future Directions
- Rather than measuring mean data or utilizing electrical heating, future work should concentrate more on assessing local values by employing warm water heating.
- Vapor quality studies should be performed up to 1.0.
- In addition, further work has to be done to include reliable numerical flow models for use with flow boiling in micro-finned tubes.
- Growth in the flow boiling heat transfer performance must be essential before this method can be utilized in real devices.
- Also, all of us are trying to learn about nanocoating and nano-refrigerant, which seems to offer even more exciting potential for researchers working on heat transfer, along with fluid flow, in upcoming years.
- More study is needed to determine how a nanofluid promotes heat transfer, largely via these methods. Researchers should also take care to quantify the degrees to which flexible/flexible-complex seals increase heat transfer, flow, and heat transfer in a convective medium in the right sequence. This describes heat transfer-enhancing active mechanical technologies.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Cross-sectional flow area inside tube, [m2] | |
Cross-sectional tube wall area per fin, [m2/fin] | |
Bond Number | |
Boiling Number | |
Confinement Number | |
Carbon dioxide | |
Liquid specific heat, [kJ/kg.K] | |
Convection Number | |
Departure bubble diameter, [m] | |
Hydraulic diameter, [m] | |
Root Diameter, [m] | |
Convection enhancement factor | |
Micro-fin enhancement factor | |
Two-phase heat transfer multiplier | |
Friction factor | |
Mixture correction factor | |
Froude Number | |
Mass flux, [kg/m2s] | |
Galileo number | |
GWP | Global warming potential |
Fin height, [mm] | |
Heat transfer coefficient, [Wm−2 °C−1] | |
HCFCs | Hydro-chlorofluorocarbons |
Latent heat of evaporation, [kJ/kg] | |
HTC | Heat transfer coefficient, [Wm−2 °C−1] |
ID | Inner diameter, [m] |
Thermal conductivity, [Wm−1 °C−1] | |
L | Length of the tube, [m] |
Molecular weight, [kg/kmol] | |
Number of fins | |
Ammonia | |
Nusselt Number | |
OD | Outer diameter, [m] |
ODP | Ozone depletion potential |
Perimeter, [m] | |
Pressure, [kPa] | |
Prandtl number | |
Heat flux, [kW/m2] | |
RAC | Refrigeration and air conditioning |
Reynolds number | |
Boiling suppression factor | |
Perimeter of fin, [m] | |
Suratman number | |
Temperature, [°C] | |
Bubble point temperature of mixture, [°C] | |
Dew point temperature of mixture, [°C] | |
Saturated state temperature of mixture, [°C] | |
Weber Number | |
Vapor Quality | |
Lockhart–Martinelli parameter | |
Thermodynamic mass quality | |
Greek Letters | |
Helix angle, [°] | |
Liquid film thickness, [m] | |
Two-phase frictional multiplier gradients and differences | |
Apex angle, [°] | |
Dynamic viscosity, [Pa.s] | |
Dry angle, [radian] | |
Density, [kg/m3] | |
Surface tension, [N/m] | |
Subscripts | |
Critical condition | |
c | Cross-sectional |
Convective boiling | |
Concentration | |
Evaporation | |
Vapor | |
Liquid | |
Least volatile component | |
Micro-fin tube | |
More volatile component | |
Nucleate Boiling | |
Reduced | |
Refrigerant | |
Saturation | |
Smooth tube | |
Single-Phase | |
Two-Phase | |
Turbulent-Turbulent | |
Laminar-Laminar | |
wall |
References
- Manzer, L.E. The CEC-Ozone Issue: Progress on the Development of Alternatives to CFCs. Science 1990, 249, 31–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kaul, M.P.; Kedzierski, M.A.; Didion, D.A. Horizontal flow boiling of alternative refrigerants within a fluid heated micro-fin tube. ASHRAE Trans. 1996, 102, 167–173. [Google Scholar]
- Wuebbles, D.J.; Calm, J.M. An Environmental Rationale for Retention of Endangered Chemicals. Science 1997, 278, 1090–1091. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Righetti, G.; Longo, G.A.; Zilio, C.; Mancin, S. Flow boiling of environmentally friendly refrigerants inside a compact enhanced tube. Int. J. Refrig. 2019, 104, 344–355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Longo, G.A.; Mancin, S.; Righetti, G.; Zilio, C. R1234yf and R1234ze(E) as environmentally friendly replacements of R134a: Assessing flow boiling on an experimental basis. Int. J. Refrig. 2019, 104, 336–343. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nujukambari, A.Y.; Bahman, A.S.; Hærvig, J.; Sørensen, H. A Review: New Designs of Heat Sinks for Flow Boiling Cooling. In Proceedings of the 2019 25th International Workshop on Thermal Investigations of ICs and Systems (THERMINIC), Lecco, Italy, 25–27 September 2019; IEEE: Piscatvie, NJ, USA, 2019; pp. 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McLinden1, M.O.; Seeton, C.J.; Pearson, A. New refrigerants and system configurations for vapor-compression refrigeration. Science 2020, 370, 791–796. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, C.; Seo, S.; Takata, T.K.; Miyazaki, T. The life cycle climate performance evaluation of low-GWP refrigerants for domestic heat pumps. Int. J. Refrig. 2021, 121, 33–42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, D.; Hu, B.; Wang, R.Z. Vapor compression heat pumps with pure Low-GWP refrigerants. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2021, 138, 110571. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Montzka, S.A.; Dutton, G.S.; Yu, P.; Ray, E.; Robert, W.; Daniel, J.S.; Kuijpers, L.; Hall, B.D.; Mondeel, D.; Siso, C.; et al. An unexpected and persistent increase in global emissions of ozone-depleting CFC-11. Nature 2018, 557, 413–417. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mendoza-Miranda, J.M.; Salazar-Hern’andez, C.; Carrera-Cerritos, R.; Ram’ırez-Minguela, J.J.; Salazar-Hern´andez, M.; Navarro-Esbr´, J.; Mota-Babiloni, A. Variable speed liquid chiller drop-in modeling for predicting energy performance of R1234yf as low-GWP refrigerant. Int. J. Refrig. 2018, 93, 144–158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dione, K.R.; Louahlia, H.; Marion, M.; Berçaits, J.L. Evaporation heat transfer and pressure drop for geothermal heat pumps working with refrigerants R134a and R407C. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 2018, 93, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rigby, M.; Montzka, S.A.; Dutton, G.S.; Yu, P.; Ray, E.; Robert, W.; Daniel, J.S.; Kuijpers, L.; Hall, B.D.; Mondeel, D.; et al. Increase in CFC-11 emissions from eastern China based on atmospheric observations. Nature 2018, 569, 546–549. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Henne, S.; Fang, X.; Prinn, R.G.; Manning, A.J.; Krummel, P.B.; Liang, Q. A decline in emissions of CFC-11 and related chemicals from eastern China. Nature 2021, 590, 433–437. [Google Scholar]
- Kroeze, C.; Reijnders, L. Halocarbons and global warming. Sci. Total Environ. 1992, 111, 1–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, Z.C.; Li, W.; Ma, X.; Ayub, Z.; He, Y. Flow boiling in horizontal annuli outside horizontal smooth, herringbone and three-dimensional enhanced tubes. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2019, 143, 118554. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dorao, C.A.; Fernandez, O.B.; Fernandino, M. Experimental Study of Horizontal Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of R134a at a Saturation Temperature of 18.6 °C. ASME J. Heat Transfer. 2017, 139, 111510. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Longo, G.A.; Mancin, S.; Righetti, G.; Zilio, C. Saturated flow boiling of HFC134a and its low GWP substitute HFO1234ze(e) inside a 4mm horizontal smooth tube. Int. J. Refrig. 2016, 64, 32–39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mota-Babilonia, A.; Navarro-Esbrí, J.; Makhnatch, P.; Molés, F. Refrigerant R32 as lower GWP working fluid in residential air conditioning systems in Europe and the USA. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2017, 80, 1031–1042. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Westwater, J.W. Boiling of liquids. Advs. Chem. Eng. 1956, 1, 1–76. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, H.S.; Rose, J.W. Prediction of effective friction factors for single-phase flow in horizontal microfin tubes. Int. J. Refrig. 2004, 27, 904–913. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koyama, S.; Lee, J.; Yonemoto, R. An investigation on void fraction of vapor-liquid two-phase flow for smooth and microfin tubes with R134a at adiabatic condition. Int. J. Multiph. Flow 2004, 30, 291–310. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yanik, M.K.; Webb, R.L. Prediction of two-phase heat transfer in a 4-pass evaporator bundle using single tube experimental data. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2004, 24, 791–811. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yu, M.H.; Lin, T.K.; Tseng, C.C. Heat transfer and flow pattern during two-phase flow boiling of R-134a in horizontal smooth and microfin tubes. Int. J. Refrig. 2002, 25, 789–798. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Honda, H.; Wang, Y.S. Theoretical study of evaporation heat transfer in horizontal microfin tubes: Stratified flow model. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2004, 47, 3971–3983. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wojtan, L.; Ursenbacher, T.; Thome, J.R. Investigation of flow boiling in horizontal tubes: Part II-Development of a new heat transfer model for stratified-wavy, dryout and mist flow regimes. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2005, 48, 2970–2985. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gao, L.; Honda, T. Experiments on Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Pure CO2 and CO2-Oil Mixtures in Horizontal Smooth and Micro-Fin Tubes. Int. J. Refrig. Air Cond. Conf. Pap. 2006, 770, 1–8. [Google Scholar]
- Gao, L.; Honda, T.; Koyama, S. Experiments on Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Almost Pure CO2 and CO2-Oil Mixtures in Horizontal Smooth and Microfin Tubes. HVAC&R Res. 2007, 13, 415–425. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Newell, T.A.; Shah, R.K. An Assessment of Refrigerant Heat Transfer, Pressure Drop, and Void Fraction Effects In Microfin Tubes. HVAC&R Res. 2001, 7, 125–153. [Google Scholar]
- Cui, W.; Li, L.; Xin, M.; Jen, T.C.; Liao, Q.; Chen, Q. An experimental study of flow pattern and pressure drop for flow boiling inside microfinned helically coiled tube. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2008, 51, 169–175. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hatamipour, V.D.; Akhavan-Behabadi, M.A. Visual Study on Flow Patterns and Heat Transfer during Convective Boiling Inside Horizontal Smooth and Microfin Tubes. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2010, 69, 700–706. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Da Silva Lima, R.J.; Thome, J.R. Two-phase flow patterns in U-bends and their contiguous straight tubes for different orientations, tube and bend diameters. Int. J. Refrig. 2012, 35, 1439–1454. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gajghate, S.S.; Khandekar, V.; Chopade, S. Heat transfer enhancement in flow boiling using environmentally safe additives. Cogent Eng. 2016, 3, 1210490. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Colombo, L.P.; Lucchini, A.; Muzzio, A. Flow patterns, heat transfer and pressure drop for evaporation and condensation of R134A in microfin tubes. Int. J. Refrig. 2012, 35, 2150–2165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, S.; Hrnjak, P.S. Effect of Oil on Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Flow Patterns of CO2 in 11.2 mm Horizontal Smooth and Enhanced Tube. Int. J. Refrig. Air Cond. Conf. Pap. 2012, 1331, 1–9. [Google Scholar]
- Rollmann, P.; Spindler, K. A new flow pattern map for flow boiling in microfin tubes. Int. J. Multiph. Flow 2015, 72, 181–187. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kabelac, S.; De Buhr, H.J. Flow boiling of ammonia in a plain and a low finned horizontal tube. Int. J. Refrig. 2001, 24, 41–50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Passos, J.C.; Kuser, V.F.; Haberschill, P.; Lallemand, M. Convective boiling of R-407c inside horizontal microfin and plain tubes. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 2003, 27, 705–713. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Greco, A.; Vanoli, G.P. Evaporation of refrigerants in a smooth horizontal tube: Prediction of R22 and R507 heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2004, 24, 2189–2206. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bandarra Filho, E.P.; Saiz Jabardo, J.M.; Barbieri, P.E. Convective boiling pressure drop of refrigerant R-134a in horizontal smooth and microfin tubes. Int. J. Refrig. 2004, 27, 895–903. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Diani, A.; Rossetto, L. R513A flow boiling heat transfer inside horizontal smooth tube and microfin tube. Int. J. Refrig. 2019, 107, 301–314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Diani, A.; Rossetto, L. Characteristics of R513A evaporation heat transfer inside small-diameter smooth and microfin tubes. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2020, 162, 120402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, J.; Liu, J.; Xu, X. Diabatic visualization study of R245fa two phase flow pattern characteristics in horizontal smooth and microfin tube. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2020, 152, 119513. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bahiraei, M.; Monavari, A. Irreversibility characteristics of a mini shell and tube heat exchanger operating with a nanofluid considering effects of fins and nanoparticle shape. Powder Technol. 2022, 398, 117117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fujie, K.; Itoh, N.; Innami, T.; Kimura, H.; Nakayama, N.; Yanugidi, T. Heat Transfer Pipe. U.S. Patent 4044797, 30 August 1977. [Google Scholar]
- Thome, J.R. Flow Boiling Inside Microfin Tubes Recent Results and Design Methods; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Norwell, MA, USA, 1999; pp. 467–486. [Google Scholar]
- Cho, K.; Tae, S.J. Evaporation heat transfer for R-22 and R-407c refrigerant ± oil mixture in a microfin tube with a U-bend. Int. J. Refrig. 2000, 23, 219–231. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wellsandt, S.; Vamling, L. Evaporation of R134a in a horizontal herringbone microfin tube: Heat transfer and pressure drop. Int. J. Refrig. 2005, 28, 889–900. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, X.; Yuan, X. Heat transfer correlations for evaporation of refrigerant mixtures flowing inside horizontal microfin tubes. Energy Convers. Manag. 2008, 49, 3198–3204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wattelet, J.P.; Chato, J.C.; Souza, A.L.; Christoffersen, B.R. Evaporative characteristics of R-12, R-134a, and a mixture at low mass fluxes. ASHRAE Trans. 1994, 94, 603–615. [Google Scholar]
- Yoon, S.H.; Cho, E.S.; Hwang, Y.W.; Kim, M.S.; Min, K.; Kim, Y. Characteristics of evaporative heat transfer and pressure drop of carbon dioxide and correlation development. Int. J. Refrig. 2004, 27, 111–119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Keklikcioglu, O.; Ozceyhan, V. A Review of Heat Transfer Enhancement Methods Using Coiled Wire and Twisted Tape Inserts. In Heat Transfer-Models, Methods and Applications; Intech Open: London, UK, 2018. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Cooke, D.; Kandlikar, S.G. Pool boiling heat transfer and bubble dynamics over plain and enhanced microchannels. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels, Montreal, QC, Canada, 1–5 August 2010; Volume 54501, pp. 163–172. [Google Scholar]
- Al-Zaidi, A.H.; Mahmoud, M.M.; Karayiannis, T.G. Flow boiling of HFE-7100 in microchannels: Experimental study and comparison with correlations. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2019, 140, 100–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khaled, A.-R.; Vafai, K. Heat transfer enhancement by layering of two immiscible co-flows. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2014, 68, 299–309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, K.; Gong, H.; Wang, L.; Erkan, N.; Okamoto, K. Effects of a porous honeycomb structure on critical heat flux in downward-facing saturated pool boiling. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2020, 170, 115036. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sandeep, N.; Malvandi, A. Enhanced heat transfer in liquid thin film flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids embedded with graphene nanoparticles. Adv. Powder Technol. 2016, 27, 2448–2456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Siddique, M.; Khaled, A.R.; Abdulhafiz, N.I.; Boukhary, A.Y. Recent Advances in Heat Transfer Enhancements: A Review Report. Int. J. Chem. Eng. 2010, 2010, 106461. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bergles, A.E. Heat transfer enhancement-the encouragement and accommodation of high heat fluxes. J. Heat Trans. 1997, 119, 8–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schlager, L.M.; Pate, M.; Bergles, A.E. Heat transfer and pressure drop during evaporation and condensation of R22 in horizontal microfin tubes. Int. J. Refrig. 1989, 12, 6–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schlager, L.M.; Pate, M.B.; Bergles, A.E. Evaporation and Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Horizontal 12.7-mm Microfin Tubes with Refrigerant 22. J. Heat Transf. 1990, 112, 1041–1047. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Eckels, S.J.; Pate, M.B. Evaporation and condensation heat transfer coefficients for HFC-134a and CFC-12. ASHRAE Trans. 1991, 14, 70–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kuo, C.S.; Wang, C.C. Horizontal flow boiling of R22 and R407c in a 9.52mm micro-fin tube. Appl. Therm. Eng. 1996, 16, 719–731. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nidegger, E.; Thome, J.R.; Favrat, D. Flow Boiling and Pressure Drop Measurements for R-134a / Oil Mixtures Part 1: Evaporation in a Microfin Tube. HVAC&R Res. 1997, 3, 38–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, Y.; Seo, K.; Chung, J.T. Evaporation heat transfer characteristics of R-410a in 7 and 9.52 mm smooth / micro-fin tubes. Int. J. Refrig. 2002, 25, 716–730. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wongsa-ngam, J.; Nualboonrueng, T.; Wongwises, S. Performance of smooth and micro-fin tubes in high mass flux region of R-134a during evaporation. Heat Mass Transf. 2004, 40, 424–435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, M.H.; Shin, J.S. Evaporating heat transfer of R22 and R410A in horizontal smooth and microfin tubes. Int. J. Refrig. 2005, 28, 940–948. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wellsandt, S.; Vamling, L. Evaporation of R407C and R410A in a horizontal herringbone microfin tube: Heat transfer and pressure drop. Int. J. Refrig. 2005, 28, 901–911. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bandarra Filho, E.P.; Jabardo, J.M. Convective boiling performance of refrigerant R-134a in herringbone and microfin copper tubes. Int. J. Refrig. 2006, 29, 81–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Targanski, W.; Cieslinski, J.T. Evaporation of R407C/oil mixtures inside corrugated and micro-fin tubes. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2007, 27, 2226–2232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cho, J.M.; Kim, M.S. Experimental studies on the evaporative heat transfer and pressure drop of CO2 in smooth and micro-fin tubes of the diameters of 5 and 9.52-mm. Int. J. Refrig. 2007, 30, 986–994. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, X.; Zhang, X.; Chen, Y.; Yuan, X. Heat transfer characteristics for evaporation of R417A flowing inside horizontal smooth and internally grooved tubes. Energy Convers. Manag. 2008, 49, 1731–1739. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hu, H.; Ding, G.; Wang, K. Heat transfer characteristics of R410A-oil mixture flow boiling inside a 7 mm straight micro-fin tube. Int. J. Refrig. 2008, 31, 1081–1093. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spindler, K.; Steinhagen, H.M. Flow boiling heat transfer of R134a and R404A in a microfin tube at low mass fluxes and low heat fluxes. Heat Mass Transf. 2009, 45, 967–977. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, G.; Hu, H.; Huang, X.; Deng, B.; Gao, Y. Experimental investigation and correlation of two-phase frictional pressure drop of R410A-oil mixture flow boiling in a 5 mm microfin tube. Int. J. Refrig. 2009, 32, 150–161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ono, T.; Gao, L.; Honda, T. Heat, Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Flow Boiling of CO2 -Oil Mixtures in Horizontal Smooth and Micro-Fin Tubes. Heat Transf. Asian Res. 2010, 39, 195–207. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dang, C.; Haraguchi, N.; Hihara, E. Flow boiling heat transfer of carbon dioxide inside a small-sized microfin tube. Int. J. Refrig. 2010, 33, 655–663. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, X. Heat transfer and enhancement analyses of flow boiling for R417A and R22. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 2011, 35, 1334–1342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rollmann, P.; Spindler, K.; Mu, H. Heat transfer, pressure drop and flow patterns during flow boiling of R407C in a horizontal microfin tube. Heat Mass Transf. 2011, 47, 951–961. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Padovan, A.; Del Col, D.; Rossetto, L. Experimental study on flow boiling of R134a and R410A in a horizontal microfin tube at high saturation temperatures. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2011, 31, 3814–3826. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Akhavan-Behabadi, M.A.; Mohseni, S.G.; Razavinasab, S.M. Evaporation heat transfer of R-134a inside a microfin tube with different tube inclinations. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 2011, 35, 996–1001. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bandarra Filho, E.P.; Barbieri, L.P.E. Flow boiling performance in horizontal micro finned copper tubes with the same geometric characteristics. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 2011, 35, 832–840. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baba, D.; Nakagawa, T.; Koyama, S. Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of R1234ze (E) and R32 in a Horizontal Micro-Fin Tube. Int. J. Refrig. Air Cond. Conf. Pap. 2012, 1218, 1–10. [Google Scholar]
- Kondou, C.; Baba, D.; Mishima, F.; Koyama, S. Flow boiling of non-azeotropic mixture R32/R1234ze(E) in horizontal microfin tubes. Int. J. Refrig. 2013, 36, 2366–2378. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Han, X.; Li, P.; Yuan, X.; Wang, Q.; Chen, G. The boiling heat transfer characteristics of the mixture HFO-1234yf / oil inside a micro-fin tube. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2013, 67, 1122–1130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mancin, S.; Diani, A.; Rossetto, L. R134a flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop inside a 3.4 mm ID microfin tube. Energy Procedia 2014, 45, 608–615. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, X.; Zhu, Y.; Tang, Y. New experimental data of CO2 flow boiling in the mini tube with micro fins of zero helix angle. Int. J. Refrig. 2015, 59, 281–294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, G.B.; Tan, J.T.; Nian, Q.X.; Tang, S.C.; Tao, W.Q. Experimental study of boiling heat transfer in smooth / micro-fin tubes of four refrigerants. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2016, 98, 631–642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Diani, A.; Mancin, S.; Cavallini, A.; Rossetto, L. Experimental investigation of R1234ze(E) flow boiling inside a 2.4 mm ID horizontal microfin tube. Int. J. Refrig. 2016, 69, 272–284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Diani, A.; Rossetto, L. Experimental analysis of refrigerants flow boiling inside small-sized microfin tubes. Heat Mass Transf. 2018, 54, 2315–2329. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Longo, G.A.; Mancin, S.; Righetti, G.; Zilio, C. R245fa Flow Boiling inside a 4.2 mm ID Microfin Tube. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2017, 923, 012016. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Han, X.H.; Fang, Y.B.; Wu, M.; Qiao, X.G.; Chen, G.M. Study on flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of R161/oil mixture inside the horizontal micro-fin tube. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2017, 104, 276–287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jige, D.; Inoue, N. Flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop of R32 inside 2.1 mm, 2.6 mm and 3.1 mm microfin tubes. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2019, 134, 566–573. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Celen, A.; Çebi, A.; Dalklç, A.S. Investigation of boiling heat transfer characteristics of R134a flowing in smooth and microfin tubes. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 2018, 93, 21–33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Righetti, G.; Longo, G.A.; Zilio, C.; Akasaka, R.; Mancin, S. R1233zd(E) flow boiling inside a 4.3 mm ID microfin tube. Int. J. Refrig. 2018, 91, 69–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, Y.; Li, J.; Chen, Z.; Li, W.; Ke, Z.; Ke, H. Two-Phase Flow Heat Transfer in Micro-Fin Tubes. Heat Transf. Eng. 2021, 42, 369–386. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jige, D.; Sagawa, K.; Iizuka, S.; Inoue, N. Boiling heat transfer and flow characteristic of R32 inside a horizontal small-diameter microfin tube. Int. J. Refrig. 2018, 95, 73–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Z.; Winterton, R.H.S. A general correlation for saturated and subcooled flow boiling in tubes and annuli based on a nucleate pool boiling equation. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 1991, 34, 2759–2766. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Z.; Luo, L.; Xia, X.; He, N.; Peng, D.; Wu, S. Experimental study on flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop of R245fa/R141b mixture in a horizontal microfin tube. Int. J. Refrig. 2020, 118, 72–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moon, S.H.; Lee, D.; Kim, M.; Kim, Y. Evaporation heat transfer coefficient and frictional pressure drop of R600a in a micro-fin tube at low mass fluxes and temperatures. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2022, 190, 122769. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, J.; Wang, L.; Li, B.; Dai, Y. Flow boiling heat transfer performances of R1234ze(E)/R152a in a horizontal micro-fin tube. Exp. Heat Transf. 2022, 35, 381–398. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, J.C. A Correlation for Boiling Heat Transfer to Saturated Fluid in Convective Flow. ASME Pap. 1963, 63-HT, 1–35. [Google Scholar]
- Shah, M.M. Chart correlation for saturated boiling heat transfer: Equations and further study. ASHRAE Trans. 1982, 88, 185–196. [Google Scholar]
- Gungor, K.E.; Winterton, R.H.S. A general correlation for flow boiling in tubes and annuli. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 1986, 29, 351–358. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gungor, K.E.; Winterton, R.H.S. Simplified general correlation for saturated flow boiling and comparison with data. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 1987, 65, 148–156. [Google Scholar]
- Kandlikar, S.G. A general correlation for saturated two-phase flow boiling heat transfer inside horizontal and vertical tubes. J. Heat Transf. 1990, 112, 219–228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Cavallini, A.; Del Col, D.; Doretti, L.; Longo, G.A.; Rossetto, L. Refrigerant vaporization inside enhanced tubes: A heat transfer model. Heat Tech. 1999, 17, 29–36. [Google Scholar]
- Warrier, G.R.; Dhir, V.K.; Momoda, L. A Heat transfer and pressure drop in narrow rectangular channels. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 2002, 26, 53–64. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bertsch, S.S.; Groll, E.A.; Garimella, S.V. A composite heat transfer correlation for saturated flow boiling in small channels. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2009, 52, 2110–2118. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lazarek, G.M.; Black, S.H. Evaporative heat transfer pressure drop and critical heat flux in a small vertical tube with R-113. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 1982, 25, 945–960. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jung, D.S.; McLinden, M.; Radermacher, R.; Didion, D. A study of flow boiling heat transfer with refrigerant mixtures. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 1989, 32, 1751–1764. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fujii, T.; Koyama, S.; Inoue, N.; Kuwahara, K.; Hirakumi, S. An Experimental Study of Evaporation Heat Transfer of Refrigerant HCFC22 inside an Internally Grooved Horizontal Tube. JSME Int. J. Ser. B 1995, 38, 618–627. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kew, P.A.; Cornwell, K. Correlations for prediction of boiling heat transfer in small-diameter channels. Appl. Therm. Eng. 1997, 17, 705–715. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, J.; Ogasawara, S.; Hihara, E. Boiling heat transfer and air coil evaporator of carbon dioxide. In Proceedings of the 21st IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Washington, DC, USA, 17–22 August 2003. [Google Scholar]
- Oh, J.T.; Pamitran, A.S.; Choi, K.I.; Hrnjak, P. Experimental investigation on two-phase flow boiling heat transfer of five refrigerants in horizontal small tubes of 0.5, 1.5- and 3.0-mm inner diameters. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2011, 54, 2080–2088. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mortada, S.; Zoughaib, A.; Arzano-Daurelle, C.; Clodic, D. Boiling heat transfer and pressure drop of R-134a and R-1234yf in minichannels for low mass fluxes. Int. J. Refrig. 2012, 35, 962–973. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rollmann, P.; Spindler, K. New models for heat transfer and pressure drop during flow boiling of R407C and R410A in a horizontal microfin tube. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 2016, 103, 57–66. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mendoza-Miranda, J.M.; Mota-Babiloni, A.; Navarro-Esbrí, J. Evaluation of R448A and R450A as low-GWP alternatives for R404A and R134a using a micro-fin tube evaporator model. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2016, 98, 330–339. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mehendale, S. A new heat transfer coefficient correlation for pure refrigerants and non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures flow boiling within horizontal microfin tubes. Int. J. Refrig. 2018, 86, 292–311. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, L.; Gao, L.; Kedzierski, M.A.; Hwang, Y. A general model for flow boiling heat transfer in microfin tubes based on a new neural network architecture. Energy AI 2022, 8, 100151. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Refrigerant | Class | Composition Type | GWP100 | ODP | Critical Temperature (°C) | Safety Class | Normal Boiling Point (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO2 (R744) | Inorganic compound | Pure | 1 | 0 | 31 | A1 | −78 |
R22 | HCFC | Pure | 1810 | 0.055 | 96.14 | A1 | −41.5 |
R32 | HFC | Pure | 675 | 0 | 78.11 | A2L | −52 |
R134a | HFC | Pure | 1430 | 0 | 101.06 | A1 | −14.9 |
R245fa | HFC | Pure | 1030 | 0 | 154.01 | B1 | 58.8 |
R407c | HFC | Zeotropic blend | 1774 | 0 | 86.03 | A1 | −46.5 |
R410a | HFC | Zeotropic blend | 1890 | 0 | 72.8 | A1 | −48.5 |
R1234yf | HFO | Pure | 4 | 0 | 94.7 | A2L | −29.49 |
R513a | HFC+HFO | Azeotropic blend | 573 | 0 | 96.5 | A1 | −29.2 |
R1234ze(E) | HFO | Pure | <10 | 0 | 109 | A2L | −19 |
R1233zd(E) | HFO | Pure | 6 | 0 | 165.5 | A2L | 18.7 |
Authors | Refrigerants | Tube Characteristics | Test Section Orientation with X-Axis | Test Parameters | Remarks | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tube | OD (mm) | ID (mm) | Length (m) | |||||
Eckels et al. [62] | R134a | Micro-fin | 9.52 | 8.72 | 1.2 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Kuo et al. [63] | R22, R407c | Micro-fin | 9.52 | 8.72 | 1.2 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Cho et al. [47] | R22, R407c | Micro-fin | 9.52 | 8.53 | 0.97 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Yu et al. [24] | R134a | Micro-fin | 12.7 | 11.1 | 1.5 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Possos et al. [38] | R407c | Micro-fin | 12 | 11.98 | 1.5 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Greco et al. [39] | R22 | Micro-fin | 8 | 6 | 6 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Koyama et al. [22] | R134a | Micro-fin | 9.52 | 8.86 | 1.015 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Kim et al. [67] | R22, R410a | Micro-fin | 9.52 | 8.72 | 0.92 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Wellsandt et al. [50] | R134a | Micro-fin | 9.53 | 8.86 | 0.38 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Wellsandt et al. [68] | R407c, R410a | Micro-fin | 9.53 | 8.86 | 0.38 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Filho et al. [40] | R134a | Micro-fin | 9.52 | 8.92 | 1.2 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Zhang et al. [72] | R22 | Micro-fin | 9.52 | 8.76 | 2.4 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Cui et al. [30] | R134a | Micro-fin | 12.7 | 11.2 | 1.5 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Ding et al. [75] | R410a | Micro-fin | 5 | 4.86 | 1.5 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Dang et al. [77] | CO2 | Micro-fin | 2.646 | 1.996 | 1.5 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Padovan et al. [80] | R134a, R410a | Micro-fin | 8 | 7.69 | 1.4 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Colombo et al. [34] | R134a | Micro-fin | 9.52 | 8.92 | 1.5 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Wu et al. [87] | CO2 | Micro-fin | 7.94 | 7.31 | 1 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Han et al. [85] | R1234yf | Micro-fin | 7 | 6.41 | 2 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Kondou et al. [84] | R32, R1234ze(E) | Micro-fin | 6.04 | 5.21 | 2.216 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Mancin et al. [86] | R134a | Micro-fin | 4 | 3.4 | 0.3 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Diani et al. [90] | R1234ze(E) | Micro-fin | 4 | 3.4 | 0.3 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Jiang et al. [88] | R410a, R407c | Micro-fin | 12.7 | 11.43 | 1.112 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Diani et al. [89] | R1234ze(E) | Micro-fin | 3 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Righetti et al. [4] | R1233zd(E) | Micro-fin | 3 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Diani et al. [42] | R513a | Micro-fin | 4 | 3.4 | 0.3 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Jige et al. [93] | R32 | Micro-fin | 4 | 3.48 | 0.4 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Celen et al. [94] | R134a | Micro-fin | 9.52 | 8.62 | 1.1 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Righetti et al. [95] | R1233zd(E) | Micro-fin | 5 | 4.3 | 0.25 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Lin et al. [96] | R22 | Micro-fin | 8 | 7.14 | 1.5 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Jige et al. [97] | R32 | Micro-fin | 3.5 | 3.15 | 0.4 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Liu et al. [98] | R245fa | Micro-fin | 7.8 | 5.8 | 1 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Wang et al. [99] | R245fa/R141b | Micro-fin | 9.52 | 8.72 | 1 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Moon et al. [100] | R600a | Micro-fin | 2.5 | 2.17 | 1 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Wu et al. [101] | R1234ze(E)/R152a | Micro-fin | 7 | 6.41 | 2 | 0° | HTC | Boosted |
Authors | ID (mm) | Tube Thickness (mm) | Number of Fins (n) | Fin Height (H) (mm) | Apex Angle (γ) (°) | Helix Angle (β) (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Colombo et al. [34] | 8.92 | 0.30 | 27 | 0.23 | 40 | 18 |
Han et al. [90] | 6.41 | 0.33 | 65 | 0.10 | 34 | 15 |
Mancin et al. [86] | 3.40 | 0.30 | 40 | 0.12 | - | 18 |
Jiang et al. [88] | 8.96 | 0.28 | 60 | 0.14 | 33 | 18 |
Diani et al. [90] | 2.4 | 0.30 | 40 | 0.12 | 43 | 7 |
Diani et al. [89] | 3.4 | 0.30 | 40 | 0.12 | 43 | 18 |
Diani et al. [41] | 3.4 | 0.30 | 40 | 0.12 | 43 | 18 |
Longo et al. [5] | 4.3 | 0.23 | 54 | 0.12 | 11 | 27 |
Longo et al. [91] | 4.2 | 0.25 | 40 | 0.15 | 42 | 18 |
Jige et al. [97] | 3.48 | 0.16 | 25 | 0.12 | - | 11 |
Celen et al. [94] | 8.62 | 0.45 | 60 | 0.20 | - | 25 |
Lin et al. [96] | 7.14 | 0.43 | 40 | 0.18 | 32 | 34 |
Wang et al. [99] | 8.72 | 0.40 | 65 | 0.12 | 53 | 15 |
Moon et al. [100] | 2.17 | 0.18 | 25 | 0.10 | 31 | - |
Wu et al. [101] | 6.41 | 0.33 | 65 | 0.10 | 15 | 30 |
Authors | Refrigerants | Tube Geometry | Test Conditions | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OD/ID/Length in mm | G | q | x | ||
Diani et al. [41] | R513a | 4/3.4/300 | 150–800 | 12–60 | 0.2–0.9 |
Diani et al. [42] | R513a | 3/2.4/300 | 200–800 | 12–60 | 0.2–0.9 |
Celen et al. [94] | R134a | 9.52/8.62/1100 | 190–381 | 10 | 0.21–0.77 |
Wellsandt et al. [48] | R134a | 9.53/8.95/4000 | 162–366 | 0.1–38 | 0.08–0.20 |
Bandara Filho et al. [82] | R134a | 9.52/8.92/1500 | 100–500 | 10 | 0.5–0.9 |
Padovan et al. [80] | R134a; R410a | 8/7.69/1400 | 80–600 | 14–83.5 | 0.1–0.99 |
Mancin et al. [86] | R134a | 4/3.4/300 | 190–755 | 10,25,50 | 0.2–0.95 |
Authors | Refrigerants | Tube Geometry | Test Conditions | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OD/ID/Length in mm | G | q | x | ||
Kuo et al. [63] | R407c; R22 | 9.52/8.72/1000 | 100–300 | 6–14 | 0–1 |
Possos et al. [38] | R407c | 12.7/10.7/1500 | 100–300 | 10–20 | 0–1 |
Wellsandt et al. [68] | R407c; R410a | 9.53/8.95/4000 | 196–415 | 0.4–44 | 0.035–0.23 |
Kim et al. [67] | R22; R410a | 9.52/8.52/920 | 30,45,60 | 10 | 0.2–0.8 |
Kondou et al. [84] | R32; R1234ze(E) | 6.04/5.45/2216 | 150–400 | 10–15 | 0.1–0.9 |
Jige et al. [93] | R32 | 4/3.1/550 | 50–400 | 5,10,20 | 0.1–0.9 |
Authors | Correlations |
---|---|
Chen [102] | , |
Shah [103] | , |
Gungor et al. [104] | |
Gungor et al. [105] | |
Kandlikar [106] | |
Wattelet et al. [50] | |
Cavillini et al. [107] | |
Warrier et al. [108] | |
Bertsch et al. [109] |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Vidhyarthi, N.K.; Deb, S.; Gajghate, S.S.; Pal, S.; Das, D.C.; Das, A.K.; Saha, B.B. A Comprehensive Assessment of Two-Phase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Micro-Fin Tubes Using Pure and Blended Eco-Friendly Refrigerants. Energies 2023, 16, 1951. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041951
Vidhyarthi NK, Deb S, Gajghate SS, Pal S, Das DC, Das AK, Saha BB. A Comprehensive Assessment of Two-Phase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Micro-Fin Tubes Using Pure and Blended Eco-Friendly Refrigerants. Energies. 2023; 16(4):1951. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041951
Chicago/Turabian StyleVidhyarthi, Neeraj Kumar, Sandipan Deb, Sameer Sheshrao Gajghate, Sagnik Pal, Dipak Chandra Das, Ajoy Kumar Das, and Bidyut Baran Saha. 2023. "A Comprehensive Assessment of Two-Phase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Micro-Fin Tubes Using Pure and Blended Eco-Friendly Refrigerants" Energies 16, no. 4: 1951. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041951