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Volume 17
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Article

Testing the Automatic Voltage Regulators of Ship Synchronous Generators Using Hardware-in-the-Loop Technology

by
Dariusz Tarnapowicz
1,*,
Tymoteusz Zaleski
1,
Zbigniew Matuszak
2,
Marek Jaskiewicz
3 and
Seweryn Sawicki
1
1
Faculty of Mechatronics and Electrical Engineering, Maritime University of Szczecin, 71-650 Szczecin, Poland
2
Faculty of Marine Engineering, Maritime University of Szczecin, 71-650 Szczecin, Poland
3
Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2024, 17(23), 5963; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235963
Submission received: 6 November 2024 / Revised: 20 November 2024 / Accepted: 25 November 2024 / Published: 27 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy, Electrical and Power Engineering: 3rd Edition)
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Abstract

In marine systems, autonomous power generation unit sets play an important (main) function, and the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) is a part of the excitation system of a synchronous generator that is difficult to test, repair, and adjust by the Electro Technical Officer (ETO) and marine automation services. Typically, testing of the AVR on ships is carried out on installed AVRs in an operating generator, which creates significant challenges. Under operating conditions, achieving various generator operating states is practically impossible. In this article, the authors present a solution that replaces traditional AVR testing by using Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) technology, allowing for full diagnostics. Testing the AVR in a loop allowed verification of its performance without a real generator, which is simulated in real time. The possibility of diagnosing the AVR under different standalone generator conditions (dynamic load changes and load character changes) was presented. Test scenarios were carried out in real time on a sample AVR from LXCOS V1.4.5.2 and the HiL simulator from Speedgoat. The solution proposed by the authors in the article enables effective diagnostics of the AVR with high practicality and low costs.
Keywords: ship generator set; automatic voltage regulator; hardware-in-the-loop ship generator set; automatic voltage regulator; hardware-in-the-loop

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tarnapowicz, D.; Zaleski, T.; Matuszak, Z.; Jaskiewicz, M.; Sawicki, S. Testing the Automatic Voltage Regulators of Ship Synchronous Generators Using Hardware-in-the-Loop Technology. Energies 2024, 17, 5963. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235963

AMA Style

Tarnapowicz D, Zaleski T, Matuszak Z, Jaskiewicz M, Sawicki S. Testing the Automatic Voltage Regulators of Ship Synchronous Generators Using Hardware-in-the-Loop Technology. Energies. 2024; 17(23):5963. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235963

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tarnapowicz, Dariusz, Tymoteusz Zaleski, Zbigniew Matuszak, Marek Jaskiewicz, and Seweryn Sawicki. 2024. "Testing the Automatic Voltage Regulators of Ship Synchronous Generators Using Hardware-in-the-Loop Technology" Energies 17, no. 23: 5963. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235963

APA Style

Tarnapowicz, D., Zaleski, T., Matuszak, Z., Jaskiewicz, M., & Sawicki, S. (2024). Testing the Automatic Voltage Regulators of Ship Synchronous Generators Using Hardware-in-the-Loop Technology. Energies, 17(23), 5963. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235963

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