Numerical Analysis on Combustion Characteristic of Leaf Spring Rotary Engine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Structure and Principle, Application Mode
3. Volume Calculation
4. Methods
4.1. Numerical Methods
4.2. Equivalent Modeling Method
5. Analysis of Combustion Process
5.1. Initial Conditions and Boundary Conditions
Parameter | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|
Combustion Duration | 3.2 | ms |
Inlet pressure | 0.101325 | MPa |
Inlet Temperature | 300 | K |
Excess air ratio | 1 | — |
Cylinder Wall Temperature | 380 | K |
Cover Surface Temperature | 360 | K |
Rotor Surface Temperature | 450 | K |
Spring Surface Temperature | 400 | K |
Ignition Time | 90 | ° |
Fuel LHV | 44200 | KJ/Kg |
5.2. Numerical Simulation of Combustion Process
5.3. Verification of Heat Release Rate
6. Results and Discussion
6.1. Speed
6.2. Excess Air Ratio
6.3. Initial Pressure
6.4. Initial Temperature
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
x1 | Cross point coordinate of l2 and abscissa axis |
x2 | Cross point abscissa of l2 and l1 |
x3 | Cross point coordinate between l3 and abscissa axis |
x4 | Cross point abscissa of l3 and l4 |
x5 | Cross point abscissa between l1 and l4 |
M | Flexural torque at the free end [N·m] |
p′ | Concentrated load at the free end [N] |
EI | Bending rigidity of the leaf spring |
l | Horizontal displacement of the free end [m] |
L | Integration length of leaf spring [m] |
L0 | Actual length of leaf spring [m] |
y | Flexibility of leaf spring [m] |
W(x) | Function of horizontal displacement l of the free end |
ρ | Density [kg/m3] |
ui | Velocity of i direction [m/s] |
Cμ | Specific heat |
k | Kinetic energy of turbulent fluctuation [J] |
ε | Dissipation ratio of kinetic energy for turbulent fluctuation [%] |
Gk | Kinetic energy of turbulent fluctuation for buoyant force [J] |
αk, αε | Prandtl number |
Mean velocity [m/s] | |
μeff | Effective viscosity coefficient |
Rf | Richardson number |
x1 | Cross point coordinate of l2 and abscissa axis |
References
- Hamilton Walker Rotary Engine. Weekly News 1968, 7.
- Walker, D.F.; Hamilton, P.H. A new class of rotary piston suitable for compressors, pumps, and internal combustion engines. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 1972, 186, 743–753. [Google Scholar]
- Quasiturbine Stirling engine, Stirling engine idea on the Quasiturbine website. Available online: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasiturbine (accessed on 1 April 2015).
- Gilles, S.H.; Roxan, S.H.; Ylian, S.H. Quasiturbine: Low RPM high torque driven turbine for top efficiency power modulation. ASME Turbo Expo 2007, 3, 17–26. [Google Scholar]
- Heiser, W.H.; Pratt, D.T. Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion; American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA): Reston, VA, USA, 1994. [Google Scholar]
- Schapiro, B.; Terlitesky, L. The RKM (RKM) rotary piston machines with the jumping momentously Axis. In Proceeding of the International Conference on Sustainable Automotive Technology 2008, Melbourne, Australia, 4–9 November 2008.
- Janusz, P.; Dawid, D. Numerical investigation of the wave disk micro-engine concept. Int. J. Gas Turbine Propuls. Power Syst. 2008, 2, 1–8. [Google Scholar]
- Fernandez-Pello, A.C. Micropower generation using combustion: Issues and approaches. Proc. Combust. Inst. 2002, 29, 883–899. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sirignano, W.A.; Pham, T.K.; Dunn-Rankin, D. Miniature-scale liquid-fuel-film combustor. Proc. Combust. Inst. 2002, 29, 925–931. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zamaschikov, V.V. Combustion of gases in thin-walled small diameter tubes. Combust. Explos. Shock Waves 1995, 131, 10–16. [Google Scholar]
- Mehra, A.; Waitz, I.A. Development of a hydrogen combustor for a microfabricated gas turbine engine. In Proceeding of the Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop, Hilton Head, SC, USA, 8–11 June 1998.
- Mehra, A.; Zhang, X.; Ayon, A.A.; Waitz, I.A.; Schmit, M.A.; Spadaccini, C.M. A six-wafer combustion system for a silicon micro gas turbine engine. J. Microelectromech. Syst. 2000, 9, 517–527. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Epstein, A.H.; Senturia, S.D.; Al-Midani, O.; Anathasuresh, G.; Ayon, A.; Breuer, K.; Chen, K.-S.; Ehrich, F.E.; Esteve, L.; Frechette, G.; et al. Micro-heat engines, gas turbines and rocket engines—The MIT micro engine project. In Proceedings of the AIAA 28th Fluid Dynamics Conference, Snowmass, CO, USA, 29 June–2 July 1997.
- Epstein, A.H.; Senturia, S.D.; Ayon, A.; Breuer, K.; Chen, K.-S.; Ghodssi, R.; Jacobson, S.; Lang, J.; Nagle, S.; Orr, D.; et al. Power MEMS and Microengines. In Proceeding of the International Conference on Solid State Sensors and Actuators, Chicago, IL, USA, 16–19 June 1997.
- Fu, K.; Knobloch, A.J.; Martinez, F.C. Design and experimental results of small-scale rotary engine. In Proceeding of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, New York, NY, USA, 11–16 November 2001.
- Ochoa, F.; Eastwood, C.; Ronney, P.D.; Dunn, B. Thermal transpiration based microscale propulsion and power generation devices. In Proceeding of the 7th International Microgravity Combustion Workshop, Cleveland, OH, USA, 4 June 2003.
- Maruta, K.; Takeda, K.; Ahn, J.; Borer, K.; Ronney, P.D.; Deutschmann, O. Extinction limits of combustion in microchannels. In Proceeding of the 29th International Syposium on Combustion, Sapporo, Japan, 21–26 July 2002.
- Dahn, W.J.; Ni, J.; Mijit, K.; Mayor, J.R.; Qiao, G.; Benajmin, A.; Gu, Y.; Lei, Y.; Papke, M. Micro internal combustion swing enigne (MICSE) for portable power generation system. In Proceedings of the 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Reno, NV, USA, 14–17 January 2002.
- Aichlmayr, H.T.; Kittelson, D.B.; Zachariah, M.R. Design Consideration, Modeling, and Analysis of Micro-Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion Free-Piston Engine. Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA, 2002. [Google Scholar]
- Minotti, K.; Sciubba, E. LES of a Mesocombustion chamber with a detailed chemistry model: Comparison between the Flamelet and EDC Models. Energies 2010, 3, 1943–1959. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yuasa, S.; Oshimi, K.; Nose, H.; Tennichi, Y. Concept and combustion characteristics of ultra-micro combustors with premixed flame. Proc. Combust. Inst. 2004, 30, 2455–2462. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, K.H.; Hong, Y.T.; Kim, K.B.; Kwon, O.C. Stability limits of premixed microflames at elevated temperatures for portable fuel processing devices. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2008, 33, 232–239. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maruta, K. Micro and mesoscale combustion. Proc. Combust. Inst. 2011, 33, 125–150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, H.O.; Luo, K.; Lu, S.Q.; Fan, J.R. Direct numerical simulation and analysis of a hydrogen/air swirling premixed flame in a micro combustor. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2011, 36, 3838–3849. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bedr, A.L.; Rutigliano, M.; Balat-Pichelin, M.; Cacciatore, M. Atomic oxygen recombination on quartz at high temperature: Experiments and molecular dynamics simulation. Langmuir 2006, 22, 7208–7216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Raimondeau, S.; Norton, D.; Vlachos, D.G.; Masel, R.I. Modeling of high-temperature microburners. Proc. Combust. Inst. 2002, 29, 901–907. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Karagiannidis, S.; Mantzaras, J.; Jackson, G.; Boulouchos, K. Hetero-/Homogeneous combustion and stability maps in methane-fueled catalytic microreactors. Proc. Combust. Inst. 2007, 31, 3309–3317. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Norton, D.G.; Vlachos, D.G. A CFD study of propane/air microflameStability. Combust. Flame 2004, 138, 97–107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Norton, D.G.; Vlachos, D.G. Combustion characteristics and flame stability at the microscale: A CFD study of premixed methane/air mixtures. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2003, 58, 4871–4882. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hua, J.S.; Wu, M.; Kumar, K. Numerical simulation of the combustion of hydrogen-air mixture in micro-scaled chambers. Part I: Fundamental study. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2005, 60, 3497–3506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hua, J.S.; Wu, M.; Kumar, K. Numerical simulation of the combustion of hydrogen-air mixture in micro-scaled chambers Part II: CFD analysis for a micro-combustor. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2005, 60, 3497–3506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kaisare, N.S.; Vlachos, D.G. Optimal reactor dimensions for homogeneous combustion in small channels. Catal. Today 2007, 120, 96–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, J.; Chou, S.K.; Li, Z.W.; Yang, W.M. A comparative study of H2-air premixed flame in micro combustors with different physical and boundary conditions. Combust. Theory Model. 2008, 12, 325–347. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, J.; Chou, S.K.; Yang, W.M.; Li, Z.W. A numerical study on premixed micro combustion of CH4-air mixture: Effect of combustor size, geometry and boundary conditions on flame temperature. Chem. Eng. J. 2009, 150, 213–222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, K.H.; Kwon, O.C. A numerical study on structure of premixed methane-air microflames for micropower generation. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2007, 62, 3710–3719. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shih, H.Y.; Liu, C.R. A computational study on the combustion of hydrogen/methane blended fuels for a micro gas turbines. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2014, 39, 15103–15115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wan, J.L.; Yang, W.; Fan, A.; Liu, Y.; Yao, H.; Liu, W.; Du, Y.Q.; Zhao, D.Q. A numerical investigation on combustion characteristics of H2/air mixture in a micro-combustor with wall cavities. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2014, 39, 8138–8146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sprague, S.B.; Walther, D.C.; Park, S.W.; Pisano, A.; Fernandez, A. Effect of leakage on optimal compression ratio for small-scale rotary engine. In Proceedings of the 45th AIAA, Reno, NV, USA, 8–11 January 2007.
- Cawthorne, W.R.; Famouri, P.; Chen, J.D.; Clark, N.N.; McDaniel, T.I.; Atkinson, R.J.; Nandkumar, S.; Atkinson, C.M.; Petreanu, S. Development of a linear alternator-engine for hybrid electric vehicle applications. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 1999, 48, 1797–1802. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fu, K.; Knobloch, A.J.; Martinez, F.C.; Walther, D.C.; Fernandz-Pello, C.; Pisano, A.P.; Liepmann, D. Design and fabrication of a silicon-based MEMS Rotary Engine. In Proceeding of the 2001 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, New York, NY, USA, 11–16 November 2001.
- Feng, H.H.; Song, Y.; Zuo, Z.Z.; Shang, J.; Wang, Y.D.; Anthony, P.R. Stable operation and electricity generating characteristic of a single-cylinder free piston engine linear generator: simulation and experiments. Energies 2015, 8, 765–785. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Scott, V.; Adam, S.; Jesse, R.; Jae, W.P. A numerical investigation on the efficiency of range extending systems using advanced vehicle simulator. J. Power Sources 2011, 196, 3360–3370. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, J.Y.; Yuan, R. Rigid-flexible coupling dynamics with consideration of geometric nonlinearity and thermal effect. Chin. J. Solid Mech. 2008, 29, 72–76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, H.H.; Liu, H.; Yang, Z.Y.; Liu, P. Application of imitate linearity equal system in nonlinear problem of geometric large deformation. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. 2008, 32, 963–966. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, D.J.; Zuo, Z.X. Design and numerical simulation of leaf spring rotary engine. In Proceedings of the 2012 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, Shanghai, China, 27–29 March 2012; pp. 46–50.
- Bradshaw, P. Effects of Streamline Curvature on Turbulent Flow; Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development: Neuilly sur Seine, France, 1973; pp. 169–173. [Google Scholar]
- Moore, J. Effects of Coriolis Forces on Turbulent Flow in Ro-tating Channels; Gas Turbine Laboratory: Cambridge, MA, USA, 1967; pp. 89–90. [Google Scholar]
- Sloan, D.G. Modeling swirl in turbulent flow. Energy Combust. Sci. 1986, 11, 163–260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Y. Simulation and Application of Solid-liquid Coupled Heat Transfer Internal Combustion Engines. Ph.D. Thesis, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Shah, R.K. Advances in heat exchanger design. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng. 1986, 66, 112–122. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, Y.; Zuo, Z.X.; Yuan, C.H.; Wang, D.J. Analysis on performance of leaf spring rotary engine. Energy Proced. 2014, 61, 984–989. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Zhang, Y.; Zuo, Z.; Liu, J. Numerical Analysis on Combustion Characteristic of Leaf Spring Rotary Engine. Energies 2015, 8, 8086-8109. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8088086
Zhang Y, Zuo Z, Liu J. Numerical Analysis on Combustion Characteristic of Leaf Spring Rotary Engine. Energies. 2015; 8(8):8086-8109. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8088086
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yan, Zhengxing Zuo, and Jinxiang Liu. 2015. "Numerical Analysis on Combustion Characteristic of Leaf Spring Rotary Engine" Energies 8, no. 8: 8086-8109. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8088086