Hydrogen Assisted Cracking in Pearlitic Steel Rods: The Role of Residual Stresses Generated by Fatigue Precracking
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Numerical Modelling
3. Residual Stress Distributions in Fatigue Precracked Rods
4. Hydrogen Distributions in Fatigue Precracked Rods
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BCC | Body centered cubic |
CERT | Constant extension rate tension |
CT | Crack tip |
CTOD | Crack tip opening displacement |
FE | Finite element |
HAC | Hydrogen assisted cracking |
HAF | Hydrogen assisted fracture |
HE | Hydrogen embrittlement |
LAD | Localized anodic dissolution |
SCC | Stress corrosion cracking |
SIF | Stress intensity factor |
UTS | Ultimate tensile stress |
a | Crack length |
b0 | Crack tip initial half-width |
bt | Current (deformed) crack tip half-width |
[C] | Vector of the FE nodal values of hydrogen concentration |
C | Hydrogen concentration |
C0 | Hydrogen concentration in the metal free of stress in equilibrium with hydrogenating environment |
Ceq | Hydrogen concentration in equilibrium state in stressed metal |
d | Specimen diameter |
D | Hydrogen diffusion coefficient |
E | Young modulus |
[F] | Assembled FE boundary condition matrix |
i | Counter |
J | Hydrogen flux vector |
Jf | Hydrogen flux on the surface Sf |
K | Stress intensity factor (SIF) |
KIC | Fracture toughness |
Kmax | Maximum SIF at cyclic loading |
Kmin | Minimum SIF at cyclic loading |
KR | Critical SIF at CERT test final fracture |
[K] | Assembled FE diffusivity matrix |
[M] | Assembled FE capacity matrix |
n | Number of FE nodes |
Ni | FE nodal functions |
rp | Characteristic size of the plastic zone |
R | Universal gas constant |
RK | Load ratio |
S | Specimen surface |
Seq | Specimen surface exposed to the hydrogenating source |
Sf | Specimen surface with a flux boundary condition imposed |
t | Time |
tq | Time corresponding to the increment q in numerical integration |
tR | Final fracture time by hydrogen assisted cracking |
T | Absolute temperature |
ux,i | Deformation displacement of node i in x axis direction |
uy,i | Deformation displacement of node i in y axis direction |
vH | Partial molar volume of hydrogen in metal |
V | Volume |
x | Cartesian coordinate along the crack plane originating at the CT |
y | Cartesian coordinate normal to the crack plane originating at the CT |
δt | Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) |
ΔK | Amplitude of the stress intensity factor (SIF) during fatigue preloading |
ΔKth | Fatigue crack propagation threshold |
εeq | Equivalent strain |
ϑ | Mass exchange constant on metal-environment surface |
σ | Hydrostatic stress |
σeq | Equivalent stress |
σR | Ultimate tensile stress (UTS) |
σY | Yield strength |
τ | Stability factor in numerical integration scheme |
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E (GPa) | σY (GPa) | σR (GPa) | KIC (MPa·m1/2) |
---|---|---|---|
202 | 0.696 | 1.224 | 52.8 |
Kmax | tR (s) | FR (kN) |
---|---|---|
0.80KIC | 22,900 | 48.1 |
0.60KIC | 21,600 | 44.0 |
0.40KIC | 21,000 | 38.3 |
0.25KIC | 17,000 | 31.3 |
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Toribio, J.; Aguado, L.; Lorenzo, M.; Kharin, V. Hydrogen Assisted Cracking in Pearlitic Steel Rods: The Role of Residual Stresses Generated by Fatigue Precracking. Materials 2017, 10, 485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10050485
Toribio J, Aguado L, Lorenzo M, Kharin V. Hydrogen Assisted Cracking in Pearlitic Steel Rods: The Role of Residual Stresses Generated by Fatigue Precracking. Materials. 2017; 10(5):485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10050485
Chicago/Turabian StyleToribio, Jesús, Leticia Aguado, Miguel Lorenzo, and Viktor Kharin. 2017. "Hydrogen Assisted Cracking in Pearlitic Steel Rods: The Role of Residual Stresses Generated by Fatigue Precracking" Materials 10, no. 5: 485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10050485