Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Thermomechanical Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel/Q345R Composite Plate Weld Joint
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure
2.1. Materials and Welding Process
2.2. Measurement of Welding Heat Cycle Curve
2.3. Residual Stress Measurement by Blind-Hole Method
2.4. Microstructure Characterization
2.5. Finite Element Modeling
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effects of Temperature Distribution and Evolution
3.2. Residual Stress Distribution
3.3. Microstructure Characterization and Evolution
4. Conclusions
- During the welding process, the influence of the heat source on the measured point will gradually decrease with the increase in distance between the welding joint and the measured point, and the maximum temperature is 2140 °C in the third welding process. FEA results are in good agreement with the experimental ones, which verifies the validity and accuracy of the model developed and provides a practical method for evaluating the distributions of temperature and residual stress.
- The FEA results show that the maximum transverse tensile stress of the joint is mainly distributed near the fusion line. The maximum longitudinal tensile stress appears in the weld zone and the HAZ, and its value is 283 MPa. During the transition from weld and HAZ to base metal zone, the stress gradually decreases from the maximum 312 MPa to 0 and tends to be stable. During the welding process, the residual stress produces bending deformation to the base plate due to te repeated welding. The simulation results of transverse stress and longitudinal stress are in good agreement with the results obtained by the blind-hole method, which proves that the finite element model developed in this study can accurately predict the residual stress distribution of the weld joint of composite plates.
- The microstructure of the 304 SS/Q345R composite plate welded joint is mainly composed of austenite and ferrite. The ferrite near the fusion line forms a transition region in the shape of a strip, while the austenite near the weld line is mainly composed of columnar grains. The mean grain size is smaller than those in the base metal.
- A phenomenon of residual stress discontinuities is observed at the weld interface, which is worth further study.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
304 SS | 0.07 | 0.345 | 1.091 | ≤0.045 | 0.036 | 8.215 | 18.09 | Balance |
Q345R | 0.2 | 0.247 | 0.604 | ≤0.025 | 0.04 | 0.061 | 0.052 | Balance |
Filler Rod | C | Mn | Si | S | P | Ni | Cr | Mo | Cu | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Er50-6 | 0.105 | 0.163 | 0.975 | 0.013 | 0.015 | 0.016 | – | 0.06 | – | Balance |
J507 | 0.12 | 1.60 | 0.75 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.30 | – | Balance |
302 SS | 0.064 | 0.80 | 0.70 | 0.010 | 0.030 | 12.50 | 24.00 | 0.40 | 0.20 | Balance |
Welding Sequence | Current (A) | Voltage (V) | Welding Time (s) | Cooling Time (s) | Filler Rod Type | Filler Rod Diameter (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 122 | 20 | 125 | 154 | J507 | 3.2 |
2 | 122 | 20 | 64 | 57 | J507 | 3.2 |
3 | 122 | 20 | 32 | ~0 | 302 SS | 3.2 |
4 | 122 | 20 | 35 | ~0 | 302 SS | 3.2 |
5 | 122 | 20 | 33 | ~0 | 302 SS | 3.2 |
6 | 122 | 20 | 35 | ~0 | 302 SS | 3.2 |
7 | 122 | 20 | 35 | ~0 | 302 SS | 3.2 |
8 | 122 | 20 | 50 | Cool to room temperature | 302 SS | 3.2 |
Measurement Points | Stress Component | Experimental (MPa) | FEA (MPa) | Relative Error (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Point d | Transverse stress | 193.90 | 180.41 | 7 |
Longitudinal stress | 147.77 | 121.17 | 18 | |
Point e | Transverse stress | −19.54 | −22.33 | 14 |
Longitudinal stress | −170.52 | −161.47 | 5 | |
Point f | Transverse stress | 44.89 | 48.06 | 7 |
Longitudinal stress | 3.43 | 4.05 | 18 |
Element | 304 SS | Q345R | Er50-6 | J507 | 302 SS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Creq | 18.6 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 22.3 |
Nieq | 10.9 | 6.1 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 14.8 |
Creq/Nieq | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
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Hu, X.; Yang, Y.; Song, M. Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Thermomechanical Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel/Q345R Composite Plate Weld Joint. Materials 2019, 12, 3489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12213489
Hu X, Yang Y, Song M. Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Thermomechanical Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel/Q345R Composite Plate Weld Joint. Materials. 2019; 12(21):3489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12213489
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Xiaodong, Yicheng Yang, and Ming Song. 2019. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Thermomechanical Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel/Q345R Composite Plate Weld Joint" Materials 12, no. 21: 3489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12213489