Influence of Nanoclay Content on Cement Matrix for Oil Wells Subjected to Cyclic Steam Injection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Materials
2.2. Samples Preparation and Curing
2.3. Compressive Strength Measurement
2.4. Permeability Measurement
2.5. Tensile Strength Measurement
2.6. Non-Evaporable Water Content
2.7. Optical Microscope Images
2.8. Rheology
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Compressive Strength Results
3.2. Tensile Strength Results
3.3. Permeability Measurement Results
3.4. Non-Evaporable Water Content and Optical Microscope Images
3.5. Effect on Rheological Parameters
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
API | American Petroleum Institute |
BWOC | By Weight of Cement |
CH | Calcium Hydroxide (Portlandite) |
C-S-H | Calcium Silicate Hydrates |
OPC | Ordinary Portland Cement |
OWC | Oil Well Cement |
SF | Silica Flour |
SG | Specific Gravity |
mD | Millidarcy |
NC | Nanoclay |
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Reaction | Reaction Velocity |
---|---|
2C3S + 6H → C-S-H (61%) + CH | Fast → hours and days |
2C2S + 4H → C-S-H (82%) + CH | Fast → days |
Slow Pozzolans + CH + H → C-S-H (pozzolanic reaction) | Slow → days to months |
Slurries | Cement (g) | Silica Flour (%BWOC) | Friction Reducer (%BWOC) | Water (%BWOC) | Nanoclay Particles (%BWOC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S0NC0 | 600 | 0 | 0.8 | 44 | 0 |
S35NC0 | 600 | 35 | 0.8 | 44 | 0 |
S35NC1 | 600 | 35 | 0.8 | 44 | 1 |
S35NC2 | 600 | 35 | 0.8 | 44 | 2 |
S35NC3 | 600 | 35 | 0.8 | 44 | 3 |
S35NC4 | 600 | 35 | 0.8 | 44 | 4 |
Component | Concentration (wt.%) |
---|---|
Silica (SiO2) | 21.6 |
Alumina (Al2O3) | 3.30 |
Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) | 5.99 |
Calcium Oxide, Total (CaO) | 64.2 |
Magnesium Oxide (MgO) | 1.10 |
Sulphur Trioxide (SO3) | 2.20 |
Loss on Ignition | 0.90 |
Insoluble Residue | 0.30 |
Equivalent Alkali (as Na2O) | 0.41 |
Component | Concentration (wt.%) |
---|---|
C3A | <1 |
C3S | 62 |
C2S | 15 |
C4AF + 2C3A | 16 |
Temperature | Curing Time |
---|---|
38 °C | 7 days in the water bath |
28 days in the water bath | |
300 °C | 7 days, the first 4 days in the water bath and the last 3 days in the curing chamber at 300 °C (one thermal cycle) |
28 days, the first 25 days in the water bath and the last 3 days in the curing chamber at 300 °C (one thermal cycle) |
Sample | 7 days | 28 days | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
@ 38 °C | Last 3 days @ 300 °C | @ 38 °C | Last 3 days @ 300 °C | |
S0NC0 | 3.2 | 5.5 | 2.9 | 5.7 |
S35NC0 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 2.6 |
S35NC1 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 1.9 | 2.2 |
S35NC2 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 2.1 |
S35NC3 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 2.4 |
S35NC4 | 2.7 | 5.2 | 2.5 | 5.5 |
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Mahmoud, A.A.; Elkatatny, S.; Ahmed, A.; Gajbhiye, R. Influence of Nanoclay Content on Cement Matrix for Oil Wells Subjected to Cyclic Steam Injection. Materials 2019, 12, 1452. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091452
Mahmoud AA, Elkatatny S, Ahmed A, Gajbhiye R. Influence of Nanoclay Content on Cement Matrix for Oil Wells Subjected to Cyclic Steam Injection. Materials. 2019; 12(9):1452. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091452
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud, Ahmed Abdulhamid, Salaheldin Elkatatny, Abdulmalek Ahmed, and Rahul Gajbhiye. 2019. "Influence of Nanoclay Content on Cement Matrix for Oil Wells Subjected to Cyclic Steam Injection" Materials 12, no. 9: 1452. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091452