Filling Capacity Evaluation of Self-Compacting Concrete in Rock-Filled Concrete
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Model for Filling Capacity of SCC
2.1. Porous Boxes
2.2. Numerical Model for SCC
2.3. Derivation of the Theoretical Model
- (a)
- SCC is regarded as a homogeneous fluid.
- (b)
- When the flow stops, the SCC distribution in the porous box is symmetrical and its free surface in the cross-section is regarded as a straight line.
- (c)
- When the flow is about to stop, the main flow direction is horizontal and the vertical velocity is negligible.
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Effect of Yield Stress on Filling Capacity of SCC
3.2. Effect of Grain Scale and Shape on Filling Capacity of SCC
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The inclination I of the free surface of SCC distribution at flow stoppage is defined to evaluate the filling capacity of SCC in the porous media. A smaller value of inclination indicates a better filling capacity of the SCC. That is to say, an inclination of zero, corresponding to the fluid with zero yield stress such as water, means perfect filling performance.
- (2)
- The theoretical model, , is proposed for evaluation of filling capacity of SCC in porous media. The filling performance of SCC in porous media is determined by the yield stress of the SCC (τ0), the size (s) and the shape (M) of the grains in the porous media, and the grain accumulation parameter (K). The inclination is directly proportional to the yield stress of the SCC and is inversely proportional to the grain size. The value of MK is defined as blocking effect of grains on SCC flowing in the porous media. It only depends on the shape and accumulation of grains and is not affected by the pore scale. The numerical simulation of SCC flowing in the porous media provides consistent results with the theoretical model.
- (3)
- The theoretical model and numerical simulation suggest that a decrease in yield stress of SCC or an increase in size of grains results in better filling performance of SCC in porous media with the same pore ratio. In addition, SCC exhibits better filling capacity in porous media composed of grains with smooth shapes. These points are beneficial for quality control of RFC. It is expected to use rounded large rocks and SCC with low yield stress to ensure good quality of RFC.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Porous Box | Shape of Grains | Size of Grains * (mm) | Length of Box (mm) | Height of Box (mm) | Porosity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C_I | Cylinder | D = 20.00 | 312 | 168 | 0.644 |
C_II | D = 15.00 | 307 | 171 | 0.663 | |
C_III | D = 12.00 | 310 | 170 | 0.660 | |
D_I | Diamond | a = 19.05 | 312 | 168 | 0.644 |
D_II | a = 14.28 | 307 | 171 | 0.663 | |
D_III | a = 11.43 | 310 | 170 | 0.660 | |
S_I | Square | c = 17.72 | 312 | 168 | 0.644 |
S_II | c = 13.29 | 307 | 171 | 0.663 | |
S_III | c = 10.63 | 310 | 170 | 0.660 |
Porous Box | Case | Spreading Diameter * (mm) | Flow Stoppage Time * (s) | Yields Stress (Pa) | Consistency Index (Pa·s m) # |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C_I | 1 | 222.8 | 11 | 28.4 | 23.6 |
2 | 250.0 | 13 | 16.0 | 23.6 | |
3 | 263.0 | 14 | 12.4 | 23.6 | |
4 | 296.2 | 17 | 6.9 | 21.2 | |
5 | 308.8 | 19 | 5.5 | 18.8 | |
C_II | 6 | 230.6 | 12 | 24.0 | 23.6 |
7 | 246.0 | 13 | 17.4 | 23.6 | |
8 | 268.0 | 14 | 11.2 | 23.6 | |
9 | 286.0 | 16 | 8.1 | 21.2 | |
10 | 306.6 | 19 | 5.8 | 18.8 | |
C_III | 11 | 261.0 | 14 | 12.9 | 23.6 |
12 | 283.8 | 16 | 8.5 | 23.6 | |
13 | 304.0 | 19 | 6.0 | 21.2 | |
14 | 319.2 | 20 | 4.7 | 18.8 |
Porous Box | Yield Stress (Pa) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16.72 | 18.84 | 21.2 | 23.55 | 28.26 | 35.33 | |
C_I | 0.172 | 0.188 | 0.255 | 0.294 | 0.325 | 0.362 |
C_II | 0.215 | 0.284 | 0.312 | 0.359 | 0.446 | 0.551 |
C_III | 0.322 | 0.394 | 0.447 | 0.459 | 0.559 | 0.674 |
D_I | 0.306 | 0.349 | 0.398 | 0.448 | 0.494 | 0.601 |
D_II | 0.379 | 0.440 | 0.462 | 0.530 | 0.688 | 0.761 |
D_III | 0.497 | 0.553 | 0.621 | 0.666 | 0.772 | 0.979 |
S_I | 0.226 | 0.260 | 0.262 | 0.330 | 0.390 | 0.533 |
S_II | 0.331 | 0.351 | 0.406 | 0.462 | 0.543 | 0.670 |
S_III | 0.422 | 0.454 | 0.492 | 0.559 | 0.689 | 0.870 |
Grain Shape | Porous Box | M | s | K | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cylinder | C_I | 4/π | 20.00 | 111.89 | 152.91 |
C_II | 15.00 | 122.50 | |||
C_III | 12.00 | 125.89 | |||
Diamond | D_I | 2.0 | 19.05 | 109.18 | 219.24 |
D_II | 14.28 | 110.39 | |||
D_III | 11.43 | 109.28 | |||
Square | S_I | 1.0 | 17.72 | 162.94 | 170.40 |
S_II | 13.29 | 174.56 | |||
S_III | 10.63 | 173.70 |
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Liu, W.; Pan, J. Filling Capacity Evaluation of Self-Compacting Concrete in Rock-Filled Concrete. Materials 2020, 13, 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010108
Liu W, Pan J. Filling Capacity Evaluation of Self-Compacting Concrete in Rock-Filled Concrete. Materials. 2020; 13(1):108. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010108
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Wenju, and Jianwen Pan. 2020. "Filling Capacity Evaluation of Self-Compacting Concrete in Rock-Filled Concrete" Materials 13, no. 1: 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010108