Effect of Tempering Temperature after Thermo-Mechanical Control Process on Microstructure Characteristics and Hydrogen-Induced Ductility Loss in High-Vanadium X80 Pipeline Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Evolution of Microstructures and Crystallization Orientation
3.2. Characteristics of Nanoscale Precipitates
3.3. Hydrogen Diffusion Behavior
3.4. Hydrogen Induced Mechanical Degradation
4. Conclusions
- With increasing tempering temperature from 450 to 650 °C, the size and quantity of granular bainite decreased gradually, while the spacing of deformed lath ferrite and the area of massive ferrite increased. The microstructure of T700 steel was almost completely composed of massive ferrite and its grain size increased obviously.
- With the increase of tempering temperature, the number of fine vanadium carbides increased first and then decreased again. T650 steel tempered at 650 °C had the largest amount of nanoscale precipitates, while the mean size of precipitates increased in T700 steel.
- T650 steel containing more dispersed nanoscale vanadium carbides with size less than 20 nm had the lowest hydrogen diffusion coefficient and the optimum resistance to hydrogen-induced ductility loss.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo | V | Nb | Ti | Al | O | N | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.034 | 0.15 | 1.80 | 0.0018 | 0.004 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.021 | 0.005 | 0.03 | 0.005 | 0.0033 | Bal |
Statistical Parameters | Sample Number | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T450 | T500 | T550 | T600 | T650 | T700 | |
N | 61 | 65 | 98 | 149 | 453 | 226 |
Dmean/(nm) | 13.76 ± 4.21 | 13.89 ± 4.33 | 14.08 ± 5.02 | 14.83 ± 4.00 | 14.96 ± 4.91 | 17.53 ± 5.39 |
Vf/(‰) | 2.60 | 2.82 | 4.37 | 7.37 | 22.79 | 15.61 |
Element and Phases | VB/(m3·mol−1) | VP/(m3·mol−1) | c0 |
---|---|---|---|
V | 0.837 × 10−5 | —— | —— |
Nb | 1.085 × 10−5 | —— | —— |
Ti | 1.014 × 10−5 | —— | —— |
VC | —— | 1.091 × 10−5 | 1.318 × 10−3 |
NbC | —— | 1.381 × 10−5 | 1.167 × 10−4 |
TiC | —— | 1.215 × 10−5 | 1.806 × 10−4 |
Sample Number | J∞L/(mol·cm−1·s−1) | Deff/(cm2·s−1) | Capp/(mol·cm−3) | NT/(cm−3) |
T450 | 5.17 × 10−11 | 2.13 × 10−5 | 2.42 × 10−6 | 2.42 × 1018 |
T500 | 4.83 × 10−11 | 1.25 × 10−5 | 3.84 × 10−6 | 7.10 × 1018 |
T550 | 5.05 × 10−11 | 9.82 × 10−6 | 5.14 × 10−6 | 1.24 × 1019 |
T600 | 4.78 × 10−11 | 8.14 × 10−6 | 5.88 × 10−6 | 1.74 × 1019 |
T650 | 4.15 × 10−11 | 3.82 × 10−6 | 1.08 × 10−5 | 7.06 × 1019 |
T700 | 4.52 × 10−11 | 6.84 × 10−6 | 6.61 × 10−6 | 2.35 × 1019 |
Sample Number | δ0/% | δH/% | IHE/% |
---|---|---|---|
T450 | 21.98 | 17.50 | 20.38 |
T500 | 21.20 | 17.47 | 18.06 |
T550 | 21.32 | 17.80 | 16.51 |
T600 | 20.39 | 17.46 | 14.37 |
T650 | 20.60 | 18.17 | 11.80 |
T700 | 17.99 | 12.62 | 29.85 |
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Li, L.; Song, B.; Yang, B.; Wang, L.; Cheng, W. Effect of Tempering Temperature after Thermo-Mechanical Control Process on Microstructure Characteristics and Hydrogen-Induced Ductility Loss in High-Vanadium X80 Pipeline Steel. Materials 2020, 13, 2839. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122839
Li L, Song B, Yang B, Wang L, Cheng W. Effect of Tempering Temperature after Thermo-Mechanical Control Process on Microstructure Characteristics and Hydrogen-Induced Ductility Loss in High-Vanadium X80 Pipeline Steel. Materials. 2020; 13(12):2839. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122839
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Longfei, Bo Song, Biwen Yang, Lei Wang, and Wensen Cheng. 2020. "Effect of Tempering Temperature after Thermo-Mechanical Control Process on Microstructure Characteristics and Hydrogen-Induced Ductility Loss in High-Vanadium X80 Pipeline Steel" Materials 13, no. 12: 2839. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122839