Hybrid Fly Ash-Based Geopolymeric Foams: Microstructural, Thermal and Mechanical Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials and Methods
2.2. Specimen Preparation
2.2.1. Solid Geopolymers
2.2.2. Geopolymer–Polysiloxane Hybrids
2.2.3. Curing Treatments
2.3. Physical and Microstructural Assessment
2.4. Apparent Density Determination
2.5. Compressive Behavior
2.6. Thermal Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Sample Preparation
3.2. Structural Analysis
3.3. Thermal Conductivity
3.4. Mechanical Properties
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fly Ash | ||||||
SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Others |
48.59 | 21.71 | 8.03 | 2.40 | 2.11 | 1.06 | 16.1 |
Sodium Silicate Solution | ||||||
SiO2 | Na2O | H2O | ||||
29.45 | 14.75 | 55.8 |
Sample | FA | SS | NaOH | EC | DMS | Si | Apparent Density (g/cm3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solid Samples | |||||||
G | 66.17 | 24.46 | 9.37 | – | – | – | 1.662 ± 0.001 |
G–EC | 61.20 | 22.53 | 8.67 | 7.5 | – | – | 1.562 ± 0.002 |
GSyl | 59.55 | 22.01 | 8.44 | – | 10.0 | – | 1.471 ± 0.001 |
GSyl–EC | 54.83 | 20.11 | 7.56 | 7.5 | 10.0 | – | 1.450 ± 0.003 |
Foamed Samples | |||||||
GSyl06 | 59.55 | 22.01 | 8.44 | – | 10.0 | 0.06 | 0.670 ± 0.002 |
GSyl09 | 59.55 | 22.01 | 8.44 | – | 10.0 | 0.09 | 0.376 ± 0.002 |
GSyl12 | 59.55 | 22.01 | 8.44 | – | 10.0 | 0.12 | 0.330 ± 0.001 |
GSyl–EC06 | 54.83 | 20.11 | 7.56 | 7.5 | 10.0 | 0.06 | 0.681 ± 0.003 |
GSyl–EC09 | 54.83 | 20.11 | 7.56 | 7.5 | 10.0 | 0.09 | 0.520 ± 0.002 |
GSyl–EC12 | 54.83 | 20.11 | 7.56 | 7.5 | 10.0 | 0.12 | 0.450 ± 0.003 |
Sample | σc (MPa) | εc (%) | σult (MPa) | εult (%) | E (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GSyl06 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 190 ± 10 |
GSyl09 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 140 ± 15 |
GSyl12 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.02 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 140 ± 15 |
GSyl06ls | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 7.0 ± 0.3 | 170 ± 15 |
GSyl–EC06 | 1.86 ± 0.05 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 190 ± 15 |
GSyl–EC09 | 1.52 ± 0.05 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 130 ± 10 |
GSyl–EC12 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 72 ± 8 |
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Roviello, G.; Ricciotti, L.; Molino, A.J.; Menna, C.; Ferone, C.; Asprone, D.; Cioffi, R.; Ferrandiz-Mas, V.; Russo, P.; Tarallo, O. Hybrid Fly Ash-Based Geopolymeric Foams: Microstructural, Thermal and Mechanical Properties. Materials 2020, 13, 2919. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13132919
Roviello G, Ricciotti L, Molino AJ, Menna C, Ferone C, Asprone D, Cioffi R, Ferrandiz-Mas V, Russo P, Tarallo O. Hybrid Fly Ash-Based Geopolymeric Foams: Microstructural, Thermal and Mechanical Properties. Materials. 2020; 13(13):2919. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13132919
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoviello, Giuseppina, Laura Ricciotti, Antonio Jacopo Molino, Costantino Menna, Claudio Ferone, Domenico Asprone, Raffaele Cioffi, Veronica Ferrandiz-Mas, Pietro Russo, and Oreste Tarallo. 2020. "Hybrid Fly Ash-Based Geopolymeric Foams: Microstructural, Thermal and Mechanical Properties" Materials 13, no. 13: 2919. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13132919