The Effects of Bituminous Binder on the Performance of Gussasphalt Concrete for Bridge Deck Pavement
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Design
2.1. Materials and Sample Preparation
2.1.1. Bituminous Binders
2.1.2. Mixture Design
2.1.3. Sample Preparation
2.2. Testing Program
2.2.1. Lueer Fluidity Test
2.2.2. Hardness Number Test
2.2.3. Indentation Test
2.2.4. Wheel Tracking Test
2.2.5. Impact Loading Test
3. Test Results
3.1. Lueer Fluidity Test
3.2. Hardness Number Test
3.3. Indentation Test
3.4. Wheel Tracking Test
3.5. Impact Loading Test
4. Performance Balance
5. Conclusions
- Lueer fluidity is a reliable indicator to evaluate the fluidity of the GMA mixture. In the early stage of mixing, because of the shear thinning phenomenon, the Lueer fluidity-mixing time curve generally had a u-shape. The Lueer value of all bituminous mixtures can meet the requirements of pouring construction within 2–3 h.
- With an increase in mixing time, the deformation resistance of GMA is improved, and the results on the hardness, indentation, and dynamic stability follow the same trend. The deformation resistance of GMA with 40% Pen20/40 + 60% TLA was the strongest, followed by the GMA with 30% Pen 60/70 + 70% TLA, Pen15/25 hard bitumen and 75% Pen20/40 + 25% TLA. The indentation test can be used to evaluate the deformation resistance.
- The fatigue performance of the GMA mixture using 75% Pen20/40 + 25% TLA is the best among the test samples, followed by the mixture using Pen15/25 hard bitumen, 30% Pen60/70 + 70% TLA and 40% Pen20/40 + 60% TLA.
- The rutting resistance and fatigue performance were found to be inversely correlated. Based on the required performance balance, three key indices, Lueer fluidity, impact toughness, and dynamic stability, are suggested for GMA design and construction quality control.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Indices | Unit | Pen15/25 | Pen20/40 | Pen60/70 | TLA | SBS Modified Bitumen |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Penetration at 25 °C | 0.1 mm | 18 | 36 | 63 | 3 | 53 |
Softening Point | °C | 62 | 56 | 50.5 | 90 | 79 |
Ductility at 5 °C, 5 cm/min | cm | – | – | – | – | 30 |
Ductility at 15 °C, 5 cm/min | cm | 3 | 11 | >100 | – | – |
Viscosity at 60 °C | Pa·s | – | 1050 | 438 | – | – |
Viscosity at 135 °C | Pa·s | 1.84 | 0.9 | 0.56 | – | 2.19 |
Total mineral matter | % | – | – | – | 37.2 | – |
Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) Residue (163 °C, 85 min) | ||||||
Change of mass | % | −0.04 | −0.04 | −0.08 | −0.95 | −0.09 |
Penetration Ratio at 25 °C | 0.1 mm | 85.9 | 73.2 | 67.6 | – | 85 |
Ductility at 5 °C, 5 cm/min | cm | 0.5 | 5 | 7.1 | – | 23 |
Ductility at 15 °C, 5 cm/min | cm | 2 | 8 | 21 | – | – |
Indices | Unit | Pen15/25 | 75% Pen20/40 + 25% TLA | 40% Pen20/40 + 60% TLA | 30% Pen60/70 + 70% TLA | SBS Modified Bitumen |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Penetration at 25 °C | 0.1 mm | 18 | 25 | 19 | 16 | 53 |
Softening Point | °C | 62.0 | 62.5 | 70.0 | 73.0 | 79.0 |
Ductility at 25 °C | cm | 68 | 36 | 14 | 13 | >100 |
Viscosity at 135 °C | Pa·s | 1.84 | 1.35 | 2.35 | 2.59 | 2.19 |
G*/sinδ at 64 °C | kPa | 19.36 | 8.01 | 30.69 | 48.01 | 7.05 |
Gradation | % by Weight | BS1447:1988 | |
---|---|---|---|
Percentage of Coarse Aggregate | 45 | 35–55 | |
Passing sieve (%, sieves size / mm) | >2.36 | 0 | 0–2.5 |
0.6–2.36 | 17 | 4–21 | |
0.212–0.6 | 25 | 8–32 | |
0.075–0.212 | 17 | 8–25 | |
<0.075 | 41 | 40–56 | |
Soluble bituminous binder content in mastic epuré (ME) | 14.5 | 14–17 |
Bituminous Binders | Lueer Values for the Following Mixing Time (s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0.5 h | 1 h | 2 h | 3 h | |
30% Pen60/70 + 70% TLA | 9 | 6 | 11 | 28 |
SBS modified bitumen | 5 | 8 | 10 | 14 |
40% Pen20/40 + 60% TLA | 9 | 5 | 7 | 35 |
75% Pen20/40 + 25% TLA | 8 | 7 | 9 | 26 |
Pen15/25 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 15 |
Bituminous Binders | DS at the Following Mixing Time (times/mm) | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 h | 2 h | 3 h | |
30% Pen60/70 + 70% TLA | 378 | 662 | >6000 |
SBS modified bitumen | 491 | 316 | 1375 |
40% Pen20/40 + 60% TLA | 384 | 2006 | >6000 |
75% Pen20/40 + 25% TLA | 233 | 616 | 2763 |
Pen15/25 | 372 | 863 | 2046 |
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Zou, G.; Xu, X.; Li, J.; Yu, H.; Wang, C.; Sun, J. The Effects of Bituminous Binder on the Performance of Gussasphalt Concrete for Bridge Deck Pavement. Materials 2020, 13, 364. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020364
Zou G, Xu X, Li J, Yu H, Wang C, Sun J. The Effects of Bituminous Binder on the Performance of Gussasphalt Concrete for Bridge Deck Pavement. Materials. 2020; 13(2):364. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020364
Chicago/Turabian StyleZou, Guilian, Xiaoyan Xu, Jianxin Li, Huayang Yu, Changjun Wang, and Jie Sun. 2020. "The Effects of Bituminous Binder on the Performance of Gussasphalt Concrete for Bridge Deck Pavement" Materials 13, no. 2: 364. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020364