Effect of Carbonation on the Water Resistance of Steel Slag—Magnesium Oxysulfate (MOS) Cement Blends
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. Preparation
2.3. Testing Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Mechanical Properties of Samples with and without CO2 Treatment
3.2. Hydration Product of Samples with and without CO2 Treatment
3.3. Microstructure of the Samples with and without CO2 Treatment
4. Conclusions
- With an increase in the steel slag content, the compressive strength and the water resistance of MOS cement decreased. The presence of CaO in steel slag increased the pH of the pastes and reacted with SO42- to form gypsum, which reduced the concentration of sulfate ions in slurry, and both of which were not conducive to the formation of 517 phase, so the compressive strength of the pastes decreases.
- The compressive strength of the samples had a significant increase after carbonating, which was mainly due to the promotion of C2S hydration in steel slag after carbonation.
- The products (Ca–Mg–C amorphous substance) of carbonation exhibited good water stability as they densified the matrix, thus leading to an improved compressive strength of the MOS cement.
- The HMC substances were formed by carbonation dissolved CO32- when immersed in water, which limited the dissolution of Mg2+ and inhibited MgO hydration forming Mg(OH)2. The HMC substances reacted with MgO to form a stable amorphous substance that filled the cracks and increased the strength after immersion in water.
- Pure MOS cement has low porosity. The hydration of MgO after immersion caused cracking as there was no space for Mg(OH)2 formation. The addition of steel slag increased the porosity of the samples, and the matrix became denser after carbonation and water immersion. Although it still had a few void regions, the average diameter of the pores decreased, enhancing the compressive strength.
- Using steel slag that partially replaced caustic calcined magnesia can reduce CO2 emissions, as an alternative to a sustainable development of Portland cement.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Content (wt.%) | Caustic Calcined Magnesia | Steel Slag |
---|---|---|
MgO | 85.6 | 9.19 |
CaO | 2.46 | 37.85 |
Fe2O3 | 1.60 | 25.00 |
Al2O3 | 0.23 | 5.13 |
SiO2 | 5.56 | 18.20 |
LOI | 4.50 | 1.80 |
Density (g/cm3) | 2.94 | 3.45 |
Water absorption (wt.%) | 20.17 | 4.87 |
Specific surface area (m2/g) | 25.3 | 15.7 |
Component | Content (wt.%) | Rwp | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MgO | MgCO3 | SiO2 | C2S | C4AF | CaO | FeO | ACn | ||
Caustic calcined Magnesia | 80 | 9.9 | 1.6 | - | - | - | - | 8.5 | 5.766 |
Steel slag | 5.9 | - | - | 27.9 | 17.5 | 3.9 | 2.6 | 42.5 | 7.183 |
Sample No. | Mixture Design (wt.%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel Slag | Caustic Calcined Magnesia | MgSO4·7H2O | Water | Citric Acid | |
Control | 0 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 0.5 |
SS10 | 10 | 90 | 45 | 50 | 0.5 |
SS20 | 20 | 80 | 40 | 50 | 0.5 |
SS30 | 30 | 70 | 35 | 50 | 0.5 |
SS40 | 40 | 60 | 30 | 50 | 0.5 |
SS60 | 60 | 40 | 20 | 50 | 0.5 |
Sample | Period (days) | Phase Content (wt.%) | Rwp(%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
517 Phase | Periclase | Brucite | Magnesite | Quartz | Calcite | Gypsum | C2S | C4AF | ACn | |||
Control | 3 | 19.8 | 28.1 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 0.9 | - | - | - | - | 40.3 | 7.079 |
28 | 20.1 | 13.3 | 15.7 | 6.3 | 0.8 | - | - | - | - | 43.8 | 7.568 | |
28a | 22.9 | 7.7 | 18.9 | 6.1 | 1.1 | - | - | - | - | 43.3 | 8.598 | |
SS10 | 3 | 13.6 | 22.1 | 2.4 | 8.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 2.1 | - | 48.1 | 7.134 |
28 | 15.9 | 15.1 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 0.5 | - | 48.1 | 6.994 | |
28a | 15.6 | 7.9 | 17.0 | 6.7 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 0.1 | - | 49.7 | 9.164 | |
SS20 | 3 | 0.3 | 26.1 | 6.6 | 7.6 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 4.8 | 6.3 | 44.5 | 7.129 |
28 | 0.5 | 20.2 | 10.7 | 7.1 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 51.1 | 8.567 | |
28a | 3.7 | 19.1 | 13.1 | 7.2 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 49.9 | 8.131 | |
SS30 | 3 | - | 24.1 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 9.3 | 5.1 | 44.9 | 7.213 |
28 | 0.5 | 18.8 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 5.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 53.0 | 7.466 | |
28 a | 1.1 | 18.7 | 8.7 | 5.6 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 5.1 | 2.3 | 1.1 | 55.3 | 8.586 |
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Hu, Z.; Guan, Y.; Chang, J.; Bi, W.; Zhang, T. Effect of Carbonation on the Water Resistance of Steel Slag—Magnesium Oxysulfate (MOS) Cement Blends. Materials 2020, 13, 5006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13215006
Hu Z, Guan Y, Chang J, Bi W, Zhang T. Effect of Carbonation on the Water Resistance of Steel Slag—Magnesium Oxysulfate (MOS) Cement Blends. Materials. 2020; 13(21):5006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13215006
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Zhiqi, Yan Guan, Jun Chang, Wanli Bi, and Tingting Zhang. 2020. "Effect of Carbonation on the Water Resistance of Steel Slag—Magnesium Oxysulfate (MOS) Cement Blends" Materials 13, no. 21: 5006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13215006