Brick Debris Dust as an Ecological Filler and Its Effect on the Durability of Asphalt Mix
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- fills the void spaces between mineral mix grains;
- (2)
- stiffens the asphalt forming the mineral filled asphalt together with the binder which binds the aggregate mix grains;
- (3)
- improves water tightness and frost resistance of an asphalt mix.
2. Experimental Materials
3. Research Method
3.1. Characterization of Lime Filler and Brick Debris Dust
3.2. Methodology of the Asphalt Mix Tests
- ITSR—indirect tensile strength ratio [%]
- ITSw—the average indirect tensile strength for the wet samples [kPa]
- ITSd—the average indirect tensile strength for the dry samples [kPa]
- The study of the stiffness modulus was performed according to the EN 12697-26:2012 standard.
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Characteristics of Brick Debris Dust and Lime Filler
4.1.1. Chemical Composition
4.1.2. Mineral Composition
4.1.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
4.1.4. Grading
4.2. Properties of Asphalt Mix
4.2.1. Effect of Brick Debris Dust Addition on Volumetric Properties of Asphalt Mix
4.2.2. Effect of Brick Debris Dust Addition on Water and Frost Resistance and Indirect Tensile Strength of Asphalt Mixtures
4.2.3. Effect of Brick Debris Dust Addition on Stiffness Modulus of Asphalt Mixtures
4.3. Statistical Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
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Test | Specification | Result | |
---|---|---|---|
Lime Filler | Brick Debris Dust | ||
Grain size [mm] | EN (European Standard) 933-10:2009 | 0–2 | 0–2 |
Density [kg/m3] | EN 1097-7:2008 | 2763 | 2782 |
Water content [%] | EN 1097-5:2008 | <1 | <1 |
Test | Specification | Result | Specification Limits |
---|---|---|---|
Penetration (25 °C; 0.1 mm) | EN (European Standard) 1426:2009 | 38.2 | 35–50 |
Softening point (°C) | EN 1427:2009 | 55.8 | 50–58 |
Viscosity at 135 °C (Pa·s) | ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) D 4402 | 0.755 | - |
Penetration index | EN 12591:2010 | −0.47 | - |
Type of Aggregate | Grain Size [mm] | Origin | Composition [m%] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mineral Mixture | Asphalt Mix | |||
Dolomite 0/4 | 0–4 | Łagów, Poland | 24.5 | 23.4 |
Dolomite 2/8 | 2–8 | Łagów, Poland | 37 | 35.3 |
Dolomite 8/16 | 8–16 | Łagów, Poland | 34 | 32.5 |
Limestone filler | 0–2 | Bukowa mine, Poland | 4.5 | 4.3 |
35/50 asphalt | ORLEN Asfalt Sp. z o.o | 4.5 | ||
Total | 100 | 100 |
Brick Debris | Lime Filler | |
---|---|---|
[% of Weight] | ||
MgO | 1.29 | 0.21 |
Al2O3 | 9.68 | 0.15 |
SiO2 | 76.19 | 0.27 |
P2O5 | 0.00 | 0.02 |
SO3 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
K2O | 3.00 | 0.00 |
CaO | 4.54 | 74.68 |
TiO2 | 0.84 | 0.00 |
Fe2O3 | 4.13 | 0.06 |
Test Type | Origin | SS | df | MS | F | p | Test F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density | Intergroups | 721 | 4 | 180 | 80 | 1.54 × 10−7 | 3.478 |
Intragroups | 23 | 10 | 2 | ||||
Bulk density | Intergroups | 837 | 4 | 209 | 18 | 1.34 × 10−4 | 3.478 |
Intragroups | 114 | 10 | 11.4 | ||||
Indirect tensile strength (wet) | Intergroups | 55,728 | 4 | 13,932 | 8.657 | 0.0008 | 3.056 |
Intragroups | 24,140 | 15 | 1609 | ||||
Indirect tensile strength (dry) | Intergroups | 28,469 | 4 | 7117 | 6.141 | 0.0039 | 3.056 |
Intragroups | 17,385 | 15 | 1159 | ||||
Stiffness modulus at 23 °C | Intergroups | 705,714 | 4 | 176,428 | 3.103 | 0.0333 | 2.759 |
Intragroups | 1,421,308 | 25 | 56,852 | ||||
Stiffness modulus at 10 °C | Intergroups | 23,202,499 | 4 | 5,800,625 | 17.806 | 4.94 × 10−7 | 2.759 |
Intragroups | 8,144,274 | 25 | 325,771 | ||||
Stiffness modulus at −2 °C | Intergroups | 10,638,660 | 4 | 2,659,665 | 4.344 | 0.0084 | 2.759 |
Intragroups | 15,307,063 | 25 | 612,283 |
Standard Deviation Values | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test | L | L-B 3:1 | L-B 1:1 | L-B 1:3 | B |
Density | 1.2 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 2.0 |
Bulk density | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 5.0 |
ITSw | 42 | 60 | 34 | 18 | 34 |
ITSd | 25 | 34 | 27 | 38 | 44 |
Stiffness at 23 °C | 218 | 329 | 211 | 139 | 254 |
Stiffness at 10 °C | 585 | 429 | 763 | 262 | 672 |
Stiffness at −2 °C | 385 | 1072 | 1258 | 299 | 306 |
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Woszuk, A.; Wróbel, M.; Bandura, L.; Franus, W. Brick Debris Dust as an Ecological Filler and Its Effect on the Durability of Asphalt Mix. Materials 2020, 13, 5023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13215023
Woszuk A, Wróbel M, Bandura L, Franus W. Brick Debris Dust as an Ecological Filler and Its Effect on the Durability of Asphalt Mix. Materials. 2020; 13(21):5023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13215023
Chicago/Turabian StyleWoszuk, Agnieszka, Michał Wróbel, Lidia Bandura, and Wojciech Franus. 2020. "Brick Debris Dust as an Ecological Filler and Its Effect on the Durability of Asphalt Mix" Materials 13, no. 21: 5023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13215023