Experimental Study on Chloride Ion Diffusion in Concrete under Uniaxial and Biaxial Sustained Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Materials and Specimen Preparation
2.2. Experimental and Test Arrangement
2.3. Diffusion Experiment and Determination of Chloride Concentration
3. Test Results and Discussion
3.1. Distribution of Chloride Concentration under Different Axial Compressive Stresses
3.2. Distribution of Chloride Concentration under Different Lateral Compressive Stresses
4. Chloride Diffusion Coefficient under Different Stress States
4.1. Stress Level Function under Uniaxial Sustained Stress
4.2. Stress Level Function under Biaxial Sustained Compressive Stress
5. Conclusions and Comments
- The existence of sustained compressive stress changes the diffusion process of chloride ions from environmental solution into concrete. It is found that the maximum chloride concentration of concrete specimens under axial sustained compressive stress of 0.3·fc are about 35% lower than that those of under no stress. The highest concentration chloride in the concretes with the axial and lateral sustained compressive stress of 0.3·fc and 0.15·fc are respectively reduced by about 50% compared with those of without stress. In addition, the diffusion process and concentration of chloride ions will increase when the sustained compressive stress is higher than 0.3fc. For biaxial concrete with constant axial sustained compressive stress, the chloride concentration distribution with lateral sustained compressive stress greater than 0.15·fc is 1.27-1.1 times that of lateral sustained compressive stress. With the increase of sustained compressive stress, the diffusion distribution of chloride ions will be further enhanced.
- Under the same sustained compressive stress, the chloride concentration of C45 concrete specimens is higher than that of C55 concrete specimen. This is used for the higher w/c ratio produces lower grade concrete will leads to the concrete structure is not dense and is more susceptible to the influence of sustained compressive stress. Therefore, concrete specimens with higher w/c ratio have higher permeability. The chloride diffusion coefficient model, considering the effect of uniaxial and biaxial sustained compressive stress of concrete, is established. The model is helpful to predict the durability of concrete structures in chlorine-laden environment.
- It is recommended that further research to measure the cracks in concrete with sustained stress states during the experiment. The pore size distribution of concrete under sustained stress and crack depth, so as to expand and improve the model potentially.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredients | SiO2 | Al2O3 | CaO | MgO | SO2 | Loss on Ignition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass Percent (%) | 22.45 | 6.64 | 63.31 | 2.63 | 2.38 | 1.89 |
Type | Unit Content (kg/m3) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
w/c | Water | Cement | Fine Aggregate | Coarse Aggregate | SP | |
C45 | 0.44 | 180 | 409.09 | 543.27 | 1267.64 | 3.40 |
C50 | 0.40 | 180 | 450.00 | 531.00 | 1239.00 | 3.15 |
C55 | 0.36 | 180 | 500.00 | 516.00 | 1204.00 | 3 |
Specimen | w/c | fc (MPa) | σcx (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|
DCd1 | 0.44 | 47.21 | 7.08(0.15fc) |
DCd2 | 0.44 | 47.21 | 14.16(0.30fc) |
DCd3 | 0.44 | 47.21 | 21.24(0.45fc) |
DCd4 | 0.44 | 47.21 | 28.33(0.60fc) |
DCe1 | 0.40 | 52.68 | 7.08(0.13fc) |
DCe2 | 0.40 | 52.68 | 14.16(0.27fc) |
DCe3 | 0.40 | 52.68 | 21.24(0.40fc) |
DCe4 | 0.40 | 52.68 | 28.33(0.54fc) |
DCf1 | 0.36 | 56.78 | 7.08(0.12fc) |
DCf2 | 0.36 | 56.78 | 14.16(0.25fc) |
DCf3 | 0.36 | 56.78 | 21.24(0.37fc) |
DCf4 | 0.36 | 56.78 | 28.33(0.50fc) |
Specimen | w/c | σcx/σcy | fc (MPa) | σcx (MPa) | σcy (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ECd1 | 0.44 | 1:0.25 | 47.21 | 14.16(0.30fc) | 3.54(0.075fc) |
ECd2 | 0.44 | 1:0.5 | 47.21 | 14.16(0.30fc) | 7.08(0.150fc) |
ECd3 | 0.44 | 1:0.75 | 47.21 | 14.16(0.30fc) | 10.63(0.225fc) |
ECd4 | 0.44 | 1:1 | 47.21 | 14.16(0.30fc) | 14.16(0.300fc) |
ECe1 | 0.40 | 1:0.25 | 52.68 | 14.16(0.27fc) | 3.54(0.067fc) |
ECe2 | 0.40 | 1:0.5 | 52.68 | 14.16(0.27fc) | 7.08(0.134fc) |
ECe3 | 0.40 | 1:0.75 | 52.68 | 14.16(0.27fc) | 10.63(0.201fc) |
ECe4 | 0.40 | 1:1 | 52.68 | 14.16(0.27fc) | 14.16(0.270fc) |
ECf1 | 0.36 | 1:0.25 | 56.78 | 14.16(0.25fc) | 3.54(0.063fc) |
ECf2 | 0.36 | 1:0.5 | 56.78 | 14.16(0.25fc) | 7.08(0.126fc) |
ECf3 | 0.36 | 1:0.75 | 56.78 | 14.16(0.25fc) | 10.63(0.189fc) |
ECf4 | 0.36 | 1:1 | 56.78 | 14.16(0.25fc) | 14.16(0.250fc) |
Specimen | Dc (×10−12 m2/s) | Specimen | Dc (×10−12 m2/s) | Specimen | Dc (×10−12 m2/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fd0 | 8.05 | Fe0 | 6.52 | Ff0 | 5.25 |
DCd1 | 7.95 | DCe1 | 6.42 | DCf1 | 5.15 |
DCd2 | 7.86 | DCe2 | 6.30 | DCf2 | 5.10 |
DCd3 | 8.07 | DCe3 | 6.49 | DCf3 | 5.18 |
DCd4 | 8.50 | DCe4 | 6.69 | DCf4 | 5.32 |
Specimen | Dc (×10−12 m2/s) | Specimen | Dc (×10−12 m2/s) | Specimen | Dc (×10−12 m2/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fd0 | 8.05 | Fe0 | 6.52 | Ff0 | 5.25 |
ECd1 | 7.08 | ECe1 | 5.73 | ECf1 | 4.70 |
ECd2 | 6.87 | ECe2 | 5.41 | ECf2 | 4.43 |
ECd3 | 7.54 | ECe3 | 5.81 | ECf3 | 4.61 |
ECd4 | 8.08 | ECe4 | 6.28 | ECf4 | 5.00 |
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Cheng, X.; Peng, J.; Cai, C.S.; Zhang, J. Experimental Study on Chloride Ion Diffusion in Concrete under Uniaxial and Biaxial Sustained Stress. Materials 2020, 13, 5717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245717
Cheng X, Peng J, Cai CS, Zhang J. Experimental Study on Chloride Ion Diffusion in Concrete under Uniaxial and Biaxial Sustained Stress. Materials. 2020; 13(24):5717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245717
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Xiaokang, Jianxin Peng, C.S. Cai, and Jianren Zhang. 2020. "Experimental Study on Chloride Ion Diffusion in Concrete under Uniaxial and Biaxial Sustained Stress" Materials 13, no. 24: 5717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245717