Influence of Microstructure and Chemical Composition on Microhardness and Wear Properties of Laser Borided Monel 400
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Laser Heat Treatment
2.3. Samples Preparation
2.4. Microstructure and Chemical Composition
2.5. Microhardness Testing
2.6. Wear Test
2.7. Depth of Friction Zone and Mass Loss
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructural Characterization and Microhardness
3.2. Wear Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Laser alloying with boron is an effective method for improving wear resistance of Monel 400 and level of this enhancement is strongly dependent on microhardness of obtained layers and hence on the laser boriding parameters. This fact confirms that laser boriding can be implemented to increase hardness and wear properties of this specific Ni-Cu alloy, as it is for other nickel-based metals.
- (2)
- Wear resistance, both in terms of depth of friction zone and mass loss after the wear test, improves with increasing initial boron content and laser beam scanning velocity during the laser boriding process. In this study, the highest wear resistance was observed for surface alloyed with initial boron layer 200 µm thick using laser beam scanning velocity equal to 50 m/min.
- (3)
- The improvement of wear resistance achieved by laser alloying Monel 400 with boron is quantitatively larger than increase of microhardness in each examined case. For example, microhardness of surface laser borided with 100 µm thick initial boron layer using laser beam scanning velocity equal to 50 m/min almost doubles while mass loss during the wear test decreases about five times in comparison with untreated Monel 400.
- (4)
- In conditions chosen for this examination, mechanism of wear evolves from severe abrasive and adhesive on surface alloyed with initial boron layer 100 µm thick using laser beam scanning velocity 5 m/min to insignificant abrasive wear of surface re-melted with 200 µm boron layer and laser beam scanning velocity equal to 50 m/min. Thus, increasing boron content and laser beam scanning velocity leads to reduction of adhesive wear on alloyed surfaces.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cu [%] | Si [%] | Fe [%] | Mn [%] | C [%] | S [%] | Ni |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
31 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.024 | bal. |
C [%] | Si [%] | Mn [%] | Cr [%] | Mo [%] | Cu [%] | Al [%] | P [%] | S [%] | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.00 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 1.45 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.05 | 0.025 | 0.015 | bal. |
P [W] | q [kW/cm2] | tb [µm] | vl [m/min] | dl [mm] | f [mm] | Symbol of Specimen |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1400 | 178.3 | 100 | 5 | 1 | 0.5 | A |
1400 | 178.3 | 200 | 5 | 1 | 0.5 | B |
1400 | 178.3 | 100 | 50 | 1 | 0.5 | C |
1400 | 178.3 | 200 | 50 | 1 | 0.5 | D |
- | - | - | - | - | - | E |
Symbol | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | C1 | C2 |
Ni [Wt%] | 30.4 | 26.9 | 59.7 | 42.9 | 37.1 | 38.1 | 57.0 | 58.2 | 19.3 | 19.9 |
Cu [Wt%] | 18.2 | 16.9 | 35.3 | 53.4 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 33.9 | 33.0 | 16.4 | 0.8 |
Fe [Wt%] | 20.1 | 21.6 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 28.7 | 26.9 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 25.6 | 44.7 |
O [Wt%] | 31.3 | 34.7 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 26.6 | 27.7 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 38.8 | 34.6 |
Symbol | C3 | C4 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 |
Ni [Wt%] | 58.3 | 59.9 | 49.4 | 41.3 | 60.5 | 62.7 | 61.1 | 63.2 | 64.1 | 63.5 |
Cu [Wt%] | 30.0 | 32.2 | 23.3 | 45.0 | 36.0 | 34.0 | 33.1 | 33.7 | 30.7 | 31.5 |
Fe [Wt%] | 8.4 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 4.0 | 2.2 |
O [Wt%] | 3.4 | 4.1 | 22.6 | 11.9 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 2.8 |
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Kukliński, M.; Bartkowska, A.; Przestacki, D.; Kinal, G. Influence of Microstructure and Chemical Composition on Microhardness and Wear Properties of Laser Borided Monel 400. Materials 2020, 13, 5757. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245757
Kukliński M, Bartkowska A, Przestacki D, Kinal G. Influence of Microstructure and Chemical Composition on Microhardness and Wear Properties of Laser Borided Monel 400. Materials. 2020; 13(24):5757. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245757
Chicago/Turabian StyleKukliński, Mateusz, Aneta Bartkowska, Damian Przestacki, and Grzegorz Kinal. 2020. "Influence of Microstructure and Chemical Composition on Microhardness and Wear Properties of Laser Borided Monel 400" Materials 13, no. 24: 5757. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245757