Determination of Thermoluminescence Kinetic Parameters of La2O3 Doped with Dy3+ and Eu3+
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Mathematical Treatment
2.1.1. Hoogenstraaten’s Method
2.1.2. Basics of the Three-Points Analysis Method
2.1.3. Fading of the TL Signal
2.2. TL Glow Curves Used for the Present Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Applications of Hoogenstraaten’s Method and O-CFP for Obtaining the Trap Parameters of La2O3: Dy3+, Li+
3.2. The Fading of the La2O3: Dy3+, Li+ Glow Curves Signals
3.3. Applications of TPA Method to Deconvolute and Determine Trap Parameters of La2O3: Eu3+, Li+ Glow Curves
3.4. The Fading of the La2O3: Eu3+, Li+ Glow Curves
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
The Evaluations of the O-CFP for Curve-Fitting and the Calculation of b and n0
No of Iterations | Input Parameters | Resulting Parameters | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b | n0 (cm−3) | E (eV) | S″ ×1012 | b | n0 (cm−3) | FOM % | R-Square | |
1 | 1.001 | 1000 | 1.111 | 1.111 | 1.98681 | 110593.713 | 35.577 | 0.88491 |
2 | 1.98681 | 110593.713 | 1.111 | 1.111 | 1.46691 | 114373.675 | 14.263 | 0.9741 |
3 | 1.46691 | 114373.675 | 1.111 | 1.111 | 1.10297 | 110875.051 | 0.3246 | 0.99998 |
4 | 1.10297 | 110875.051 | 1.111 | 1.111 | 1.11072 | 111073.192 | 0.0241 | 1 |
6 | 1.11072 | 111073.192 | 1.111 | 1.111 | 1.11084 | 111078.906 | 0.0189 | 1 |
No of Iterations | Input Parameters | Resulting Parameters | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b | n0 (cm−3) | E (eV) | S″ × 1014 | b | n0 (cm−3) | FOM % | R-Square | |
1 | 2.000 | 1000 | 1.333 | 4.0 | 1.0911 | 1419.619 | 291.279 | 0.31647 |
2 | 1.0911 | 1419.619 | 1.333 | 4.0 | 1.1841 | 3060.372 | 81.503 | 0.77973 |
3 | 1.1841 | 3060.372 | 1.333 | 4.0 | 1.7044 | 4995.686 | 11.192 | 0.98911 |
4 | 1.7044 | 4995.686 | 1.333 | 4.0 | 1.7768 | 5543.408 | 0.2086 | 0.99999 |
8 | 1.7768 | 5543.408 | 1.333 | 4.0 | 1.7769 | 5554.416 | 0.0105 | 1 |
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β (°C s−1) | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Tm (°C) | 41 | 46 | 50 | 53 | 55 | 57 |
Β (°C s−1) | b | no × 106 (cm−3) | FOM% | R-Square | Iterations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.5 | 2.929 ± 0.013 | 4.837 ± 0.031 | 0.968 | 0.99972 | 13 |
1 | 3.011 ± 0.019 | 2.541 ± 0.096 | 0.636 | 0.99774 | 11 |
2 | 3.015 ± 0.017 | 1.277 ± 0.043 | 0.547 | 0.99825 | 8 |
3 | 3.093 ± 0.016 | 0.871 ± 0.027 | 0.497 | 0.99845 | 7 |
4 | 3.158 ± 0.015 | 0.669 ± 0.019 | 0.464 | 0.99873 | 8 |
5 | 3.174 ± 0.012 | 0.536 ± 0.014 | 0.313 | 0.99884 | 8 |
Peak 1 | Run−1 | Run-2 | Run-3 | Peak 2 | Run−1 | Run-2 | Run-3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tx (K) | 505 | 510 | 525 | Tx (K) | 446 | 437 | 423 |
Ty (K) | 529 | 507 | 505 | Ty (K) | 438 | 420 | 430 |
Tz (K) | 512 | 528 | 517 | Tz (K) | 460 | 465 | 451 |
Ix × 104 | 6.757 | 6.532 | 3.965 | Ix × 104 | 7.903 | 8.434 | 6.302 |
Iy × 104 | 3.021 | 6.689 | 6.757 | Iy × 104 | 8.450 | 5.512 | 7.732 |
Iz × 104 | 6.366 | 3.270 | 5.750 | Iz × 104 | 5.103 | 4.205 | 7.064 |
Ax × 105 | 1.777 | 1.441 | 0.612 | Ax × 106 | 1.739 | 2.499 | 3.562 |
Ay × 105 | 0.475 | 1.641 | 1.777 | Ay × 106 | 2.414 | 3.742 | 3.071 |
Az × 105 | 1.315 | 0.507 | 1.015 | Az × 106 | 0.832 | 0.634 | 1.383 |
Im × 104 | 6.757 | 6.757 | 6.757 | Im × 104 | 8.434 | 8.434 | 8.434 |
Tm | 505 | 505 | 505 | Tm | 437 | 437 | 437 |
b | 1.895 | 1.869 | 1.837 | b | 1.711 | 1.723 | 1.750 |
E (eV) | 1.636 | 1.628 | 1.610 | E (eV) | 1.024 | 1.044 | 1.051 |
S″ × 1014 | 6.059 | 6.152 | 6.242 | S″ × 1010 | 2.769 | 3.026 | 2.688 |
n0 × 106 | 6.733 | 6.674 | 6.602 | n0 × 106 | 9.177 | 9.190 | 9.308 |
Peak 3 | Run−1 | Run-2 | Run-3 | Peak 4 | Run−1 | Run-2 | Run-3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tx (K) | 400 | 386 | 388 | Tx (K) | 325 | 313 | 345 |
Ty (K) | 386 | 395 | 401 | Ty (K) | 310 | 349 | 354 |
Tz (K) | 393 | 399 | 397 | Tz (K) | 318 | 360 | 310 |
Ix × 103 | 5.720 | 9.840 | 9.409 | Ix × 104 | 1.459 | 0.925 | 1.583 |
Iy × 103 | 9.840 | 7.930 | 5.299 | Iy × 104 | 0.792 | 1.4931 | 1.267 |
Iz × 103 | 8.421 | 6.170 | 7.131 | Iz × 104 | 1.201 | 0.915 | 0.792 |
Ax × 104 | 0.364 | 1.432 | 1.279 | Ax × 106 | 6.107 | 7.823 | 2.879 |
Ay × 104 | 1.432 | 0.665 | 0.272 | Ay × 106 | 8.023 | 2.279 | 1.798 |
Az × 104 | 0.808 | 0.405 | 0.501 | Az × 106 | 7.288 | 1.082 | 8.023 |
Im × 103 | 9.840 | 9.840 | 9.840 | Im × 104 | 1.632 | 1.632 | 1.632 |
Tm | 386 | 386 | 386 | Tm | 337 | 337 | 337 |
b | 0.965 | 0.952 | 0.921 | b | 1.577 | 1.479 | 1.576 |
E (eV) | 0.740 | 0.750 | 0.764 | E (eV) | 0.584 | 0.602 | 0.609 |
S″ × 108 | 1.336 | 1.843 | 1.735 | S″ × 107 | 2.868 | 2.806 | 3.387 |
no × 106 | 8.417 | 7.925 | 7.925 | n0 × 106 | 1.704 | 1.645 | 1.691 |
Parameters | Peak 1 | Peak 2 | Peak 3 | Peak 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tm | 505 | 437 | 386 | 337 |
b | 1.867 ± 0.024 | 1.728 ± 0.016 | 0.924 ± 0.049 | 1.544 ±.046 |
E (eV) | 1.625 ± 0.021 | 1.040 ± 0.019 | 0.754 ± 0.034 | 0.604 ± 0.023 |
S″ (s−1) | (6.152 ± 0.074) × 1014 | (2.828 ± 0.144) × 1010 | (2.305 ± 0.103) × 108 | (3.021 ± 0.261) × 107 |
no (a.u) | (6.669 ± 0.054) × 106 | (9.225 ± 0.059) × 106 | (8.099 ± 0.342) × 105 | (1.680 ± 0.256) × 106 |
Parameters | Peak 1 | Peak 2 | Peak 3 | Peak 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
β (°C s−1) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Tm | 515 | 447 | 387 | 344 |
b | 1.788 ± 0.046 | 1.808 ± 0.019 | 1.367 ± 0.033 | 1.486 ± 0.057 |
E (eV) | 1.641 ± 0.019 | 1.037 ± 0.024 | 0.835 ± 0.021 | 0.608 ± 0.017 |
S″ (s−1) | (7.969 ± 0.304) × 1014 | (2.834 ± 0.250) × 1010 | (4.979 ± 0.085) ×109 | (4.801 ± 0.429) × 107 |
n0 (a.u.) | (2.881 ± 0.011) × 106 | (4.793 ± 0.071) × 106 | (4.535 ± 0.059) × 105 | (8.378 ± 0.230) × 105 |
β (°C s−1) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Tm | 522 | 458 | 391 | 347 |
b | 1.832 ± 0.043 | 1.863 ± 0.036 | 1.452 ± 0.074 | 1.397 ± 0.084 |
E (eV) | 1.623 ± 0.037 | 1.041 ± 0.029 | 0.800 ± 0.066 | 0.617 ± 0.043 |
S″ (s−1) | (6.234 ± 0.165) ×1014 | (3.111 ± 0.267) × 1010 | (8.148 ± 0.571) × 109 | (8.272 ± 0.681) × 107 |
n0 (a.u.) | (1.339 ± 0.019) × 106 | (2.397 ± 0.021) × 106 | (3.350 ± 0.110) ×105 | (4.044 ± 0.134) × 105 |
β (°C s−1) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Tm | 529 | 464 | 395 | 350 |
b | 1.886 ± 0.068 | 1.881 ± 0.067 | 1.491 ± 0.059 | 1.413 ± 0.052 |
E (eV) | 1.640 ± 0.053 | 1.039 ± 0.054 | 0.831 ± 0.071 | 0.609 ± 0.047 |
S″ (s−1) | (8.565 ± 0.723) × 1014 | (3.313 ± 0.547) × 1010 | (7.239 ± 0.393) ×109 | (9.527 ± 0.269) × 107 |
n0 (a.u.) | (8.536 ± 0.183) × 105 | (1.627 ± 0.012) × 106 | (1.971 ± 0.078) × 105 | (3.049 ± 0.052) × 105 |
β (°C s−1) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Tm | 532 | 469 | 401 | 354 |
b | 1.954 ± 0.028 | 1.756 ± 0.031 | 1.484 ± 0.014 | 1.426 ± 0.072 |
E (eV) | 1.631 ± 0.025 | 1.045 ± 0.023 | 0.827 ± 0.037 | 0.621 ± 0.031 |
S″ (s−1) | (6.806 ± 0.121) × 1014 | (3.762 ± 0.621) × 1010 | (6.694 ± 0.864) × 109 | (1.281 ± 0.145) × 108 |
n0 (a.u) | (6.379 ± 0.059) × 105 | (1.166 ± 0.019) × 106 | (1.397 ± 0.014) × 105 | (2.269 ± 0.061) × 105 |
β (°C s−1) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Tm | 536 | 475 | 406 | 358 |
b | 2.025 ± 0.012 | 1.783 ± 0.023 | 1.485 ± 0.032 | 1.415 ± 0.049 |
E (eV) | 1.641 ± 0.027 | 1.048 ± 0.041 | 0.815 ± 0.039 | 0.611 ± 0.045 |
S″ (s−1) | (8.509 ± 0.457) × 1014 | (3.432 ± 0.205) × 1010 | (7.000 ± 0.979) × 109 | (1.090 ± 0.149) × 108 |
n0 (a.u.) | (5.296 ± 0.027) × 105 | (9.478 ± 0.061) × 105 | (1.206 ± 0.019) × 105 | (1.876 ± 0.046) × 105 |
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Bakr, M.; Omer, M. Determination of Thermoluminescence Kinetic Parameters of La2O3 Doped with Dy3+ and Eu3+. Materials 2020, 13, 1047. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13051047
Bakr M, Omer M. Determination of Thermoluminescence Kinetic Parameters of La2O3 Doped with Dy3+ and Eu3+. Materials. 2020; 13(5):1047. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13051047
Chicago/Turabian StyleBakr, Mahmoud, and Mohamed Omer. 2020. "Determination of Thermoluminescence Kinetic Parameters of La2O3 Doped with Dy3+ and Eu3+" Materials 13, no. 5: 1047. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13051047