Osteosphere Model to Evaluate Cell–Surface Interactions of Implantable Biomaterials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Titanium Surfaces and Surface Analysis
2.2. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
2.3. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
2.4. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
2.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.6. Cell Culture and Production of Osteospheres
2.7. Osteospheres Characterization
2.8. Exposure to the Titanium Surfaces
2.9. Qualitative Analysis of Aggregate-Material Interaction
2.10. Total Cell Density Estimation
2.11. Estimation of Cell Density on the Surface of the Material
2.12. Estimation of Cell Migration
2.13. Analysis of Cell Spreading
2.14. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Surface Characterization
3.1.1. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.1.2. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
3.1.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.1.4. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
3.2. Spheroid Characterization
3.3. In Vitro Analysis of Cell/Surface Interactions
3.3.1. Qualitative Evaluation of Cell Adhesion
3.3.2. Quantitative Evaluation of Cell Density
3.3.3. Cell Dispersion on Titanium Surfaces
3.3.4. Measurement of Cell Area
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Surface | Mean Roughness (Sa) | Mean Square Roughness (Sq) | Maximum Pit Depth (Sv) | Maximum Height (Sz) |
---|---|---|---|---|
PSHA | 0.344 ± 0.063 | 0.431 ± 0.059 | 1.49 ± 0.090 | 2.516 ± 0.67 |
MA | 0.055 ± 0.043 | 0.067 ± 0.048 | 0.175 ± 0.080 | 0.338 ± 0.151 |
BE | 0.251 ± 0.181 | 0.324 ± 0.234 | 0.875 ± 0.641 | 2.110 ± 1.462 |
Cell Density (At Seeding) | 20,000 | 30,000 | 40,000 |
---|---|---|---|
Diameter (μm) | 329.5 ± 11.2 | 429.4 ± 35.01 | 507.2 ± 43.6 |
Aspect (H/W) | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.06 | 1.2 ± 0.08 |
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Brochado, A.C.B.; de Souza, V.H.; Correa, J.; dos Anjos, S.A.; de Almeida Barros Mourão, C.F.; Cardarelli, A.; Montemezzi, P.; Gameiro, V.S.; Pereira, M.R.; Mavropoulos, E.; et al. Osteosphere Model to Evaluate Cell–Surface Interactions of Implantable Biomaterials. Materials 2021, 14, 5858. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195858
Brochado ACB, de Souza VH, Correa J, dos Anjos SA, de Almeida Barros Mourão CF, Cardarelli A, Montemezzi P, Gameiro VS, Pereira MR, Mavropoulos E, et al. Osteosphere Model to Evaluate Cell–Surface Interactions of Implantable Biomaterials. Materials. 2021; 14(19):5858. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195858
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrochado, Ana Carolina Batista, Victor Hugo de Souza, Joice Correa, Suzana Azevedo dos Anjos, Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros Mourão, Angelo Cardarelli, Pietro Montemezzi, Vinicius Schott Gameiro, Mariana Rodrigues Pereira, Elena Mavropoulos, and et al. 2021. "Osteosphere Model to Evaluate Cell–Surface Interactions of Implantable Biomaterials" Materials 14, no. 19: 5858. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195858