Optimisation of Mechanical Properties of Gradient Zr–C Coatings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Optimisation
2.1.1. Object
- The steel substrate is treated as a homogeneous continuous medium;
- Substrate and layer materials are elastic-plastic bodies represented by a so-called bi-linear model with work hardening;
- Before deposition process in substrate initial stresses were 0 GPa;
- At the boundary between the substrate and the coating mesh nodes are connected—no separation allowed;
- Spatial distribution of carbon concentration in gradient layer is represented by a continuous power transition function;
- A homogeneous temperature distribution was assumed in the samples during the deposition of the coatings—the deposition temperature value was 400 °C.
2.1.2. Decision Criteria
2.2. Experimental Details
2.2.1. Coatings Deposition
2.2.2. Characterisation Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Simulation Results
3.1.1. Criteria Values in the Decision Variables Domain
3.1.2. Coating’s Prototypes
3.2. Experimental Results
3.2.1. Scratch Test
3.2.2. Wear Test
3.3. Summary Results
- —VL (Very Low);
- —L (Low);
- —M (Moderate);
- —H (High);
- —VH (Very High).
4. Conclusions
- Exponent of the power transition function p < 1 (J(dt, p) → min) and the thickness of the gradient layer dt at 80% of the total thickness of the coating;
- The asymmetric Lorentzian distribution of Young’s modulus and hardness (Figure 9), the maxima of which occur at a distance of about 20% dt from the adhesive layer interface;
- A strong decrease in hardness and Young’s modulus starting from the maximum, up to the top layer interface.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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p | dt, µm | K1 | K2 | K3 | K4 | K5 | K6 | K7 | N | J |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.25 | 2 | 0.019 | 0.003 | 0.068 | 0 | 0.193 | 0.232 | 0 | 7 | 0.044 |
1 | 1.75 | 0.853 | 0.064 | 0.778 | 0.760 | 0.115 | 0.820 | 0.622 | 2 | 0.93 |
3 | 2 | 0.557 | 0.051 | 1 | 1 | 0.405 | 0.799 | 0.597 | 1 | 1.864 |
p | dt, µm | K1 | K2 | K3 | K4 | K5 | K6 | K7 | J | Lc1, N | Lc3, N | W 10−7 mm3/Nm | H, GPa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.25 | 2.00 | VL | VL | VL | VL | L | L | VL | 0.05 | 23 | 60 | 1.08 | 21 |
1.00 | 1.75 | VH | VL | VH | VH | L | VH | H | 0.87 | 11 | 31 | 2.5 | 23 |
3.00 | 2.00 | H | VL | VH | VH | M | VH | H | 1.86 | 13 | 37 | 1.9 | 25 |
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Szparaga, Ł.; Bartosik, P.; Gilewicz, A.; Mydłowska, K.; Ratajski, J. Optimisation of Mechanical Properties of Gradient Zr–C Coatings. Materials 2021, 14, 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020296
Szparaga Ł, Bartosik P, Gilewicz A, Mydłowska K, Ratajski J. Optimisation of Mechanical Properties of Gradient Zr–C Coatings. Materials. 2021; 14(2):296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020296
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzparaga, Łukasz, Przemysław Bartosik, Adam Gilewicz, Katarzyna Mydłowska, and Jerzy Ratajski. 2021. "Optimisation of Mechanical Properties of Gradient Zr–C Coatings" Materials 14, no. 2: 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020296