The Electrospray (ESI) and Flowing Atmosphere-Pressure Afterglow (FAPA) Mass Spectrometry Studies of Nitrophenols (Plant Growth Stimulants) Removed Using Strong Base-Functionalized Materials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. The Synthesis of the Molecular Receptors and the Functional Materials
2.2.1. The Synthesis of PAMAM-Type Dendrimers
2.2.2. The Synthesis of Dendrimer-Functionalized Materials
2.3. Instruments
2.4. The Sorption of Nitrophenols-Containing Biostimulator Using the Tested Functional Materials
2.4.1. Adsorption Experiments
2.4.2. The Release of the Nitrophenols from the Functional Sorbents
2.4.3. Analysis of the Nitrophenols’ Affinity towards Soil
3. Results
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SiO2-EDA | |
SiO2-TBD | |
PMVEAMA-DETA | Polymer-Phosphazene |
Concentration of Nitrophenols in Solution after Adsorption [g L−1] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2-TBD | SiO2-EDA | Polymer-Phosphazene | PMVEAMA-DETA | |||||
c0 [g L−1] | p-NP | MNP | p-NP | MNP | p-NP | MNP | p-NP | MNP |
1.4 × 10−1 | 4.3 × 10−3 | 3.9 × 10−3 | 5.3 × 10−3 | 5.9 × 10−3 | 1.2 × 10−3 | 1.1 × 10−3 | 5.8 × 10−3 | 5.9 × 10−3 |
1.4 × 10−2 | 4.6 × 10−4 | 4.1 × 10−4 | 6.6 × 10−4 | 6.3 × 10−4 | 2.6 × 10−4 | 2.4 × 10−4 | 7.0 × 10−4 | 7.0 × 10−4 |
1.4 × 10−3 | 1.2 × 10−5 | 1.4 × 10−5 | 4.2 × 10−5 | 4.1 × 10−5 | 0.9 × 10−5 | 1.1 × 10−5 | 5.1 × 10−5 | 4.9 × 10−5 |
1.4 × 10−4 | 1.1 × 10−6 | 0.9 × 10−6 | 2.2 × 10−6 | 1.9 × 10−6 | 0.9 × 10−6 | 0.6 × 10−6 | 2.8 × 10−6 | 2.9 × 10−6 |
1.4 × 10−5 | 2.1 × 10−7 | 2.0 × 10−7 | 4.1 × 10−7 | 4.2 × 10−7 | nd | nd | 4.9 × 10−7 | 4.9 × 10−7 |
The Amount of the Nitrophenols Adsorbed on the Functional Materials [g g−1] with Indicated Adsorption Percentages | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2-TBD | SiO2-EDA | Polymer-Phosphazene | PMVEAMA-DETA | |||||
p-NP | MNP | p-NP | MNP | p-NP | MNP | p-NP | MNP | |
(a) | 1.02 × 10−1 | 1.01 × 10−1 | 8.94 × 10−2 | 8.84 × 10−2 | 1.40 × 10−1 | 1.41 × 10−1 | 7.24 × 10−2 | 7.61 × 10−2 |
(72.8%) | (72.1%) | (63.8%) | (63.1%) | (100.0%) | (100.7%) | (53.00%) | (54.4%) | |
(b) | 1.28 × 10−3 | 1.34 × 10−3 | 9.97 × 10−4 | 9.23 × 10−4 | 1.39 × 10−3 | 1.36 × 10−3 | 8.42 × 10−4 | 8.91 × 10−3 |
(91.4%) | (95.7%) | (71.2%) | (65.9%) | (99.2%) | (97.1%) | (60.1%) | (63.6%) | |
(c) | 1.42 × 10−5 | 1.54 × 10−5 | 8.90 × 10−5 | 8.57 × 10−5 | 1.42 × 10−5 | 1.46 × 10−5 | 7.44 × 10−5 | 7.64 × 10−5 |
(101%) | (110%) | (63.5%) | (40.7%) | (101.4%) | (104.3%) | (53.1%) | (54.6%) |
Concentration of Nitrophenols in Water Solution [g L−1] | The Calculated Concentrations of the Nitrophenols in Water Solutions with the Use of Adsorbents, Detected by the FAPA MS Technique | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2-TBD | SiO2-EDA | Polymer-Phosphazene | PMVEAMA-DETA | ||
p-NP MNP | 1 × 10−6 1 × 10−6 | (0.92–1.10) × 10−6 (0.91–1.14) × 10−6 | (0.89–1.12) × 10−6 (0.92–1.13) × 10−6 | (0.90–1.15) × 10−6 (0.88–1.14) × 10−6 | (0.97–1.12) × 10−6 (0.90–1.16) × 10−6 |
p-NP MNP | 1.4 × 10−5 1.4 × 10−5 | (1.38–1.54) × 10−5 (1.28–1.58) × 10−5 | (1.32–1.54) × 10−5 (1.21–1.59) × 10−5 | (1.37–1.53) × 10−5 (1.31–1.58) × 10−5 | (1.31–1.56) × 10−5 (1.28–1.56) × 10−5 |
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Pawlaczyk, M.; Cegłowski, M.; Frański, R.; Kurczewska, J.; Schroeder, G. The Electrospray (ESI) and Flowing Atmosphere-Pressure Afterglow (FAPA) Mass Spectrometry Studies of Nitrophenols (Plant Growth Stimulants) Removed Using Strong Base-Functionalized Materials. Materials 2021, 14, 6388. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216388
Pawlaczyk M, Cegłowski M, Frański R, Kurczewska J, Schroeder G. The Electrospray (ESI) and Flowing Atmosphere-Pressure Afterglow (FAPA) Mass Spectrometry Studies of Nitrophenols (Plant Growth Stimulants) Removed Using Strong Base-Functionalized Materials. Materials. 2021; 14(21):6388. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216388
Chicago/Turabian StylePawlaczyk, Mateusz, Michał Cegłowski, Rafał Frański, Joanna Kurczewska, and Grzegorz Schroeder. 2021. "The Electrospray (ESI) and Flowing Atmosphere-Pressure Afterglow (FAPA) Mass Spectrometry Studies of Nitrophenols (Plant Growth Stimulants) Removed Using Strong Base-Functionalized Materials" Materials 14, no. 21: 6388. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216388