Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Catalysts Using Lithium Salts and Hydrochloric Acid
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.1.1. Starting Materials
2.1.2. Sample Preparation
2.2. Calcination Experiments
2.3. Leaching Experiments
2.3.1. Hydrochloric Acid
2.3.2. Aqua Regia
2.4. Characterization
2.4.1. Thermogravimetric–Differential Thermal Analysis
2.4.2. Elemental Analysis
2.4.3. XRD Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Calcination and Influence of Li2CO3 Addition
3.2. Impact of Li2CO3 Concentration in Li Salt Mixture (Conditions I-C and II)
3.3. Effects of Various Parameters on PGM Leaching
3.3.1. HCl Concentration and the Type of Li Salt (Conditions I-C-1 and I-C-5)
3.3.2. Calcination Temperature (Conditions I-D-1, I-D-2, I-D-3, and I-D-4)
3.3.3. Calcination Time (Conditions I-E-1, I-E-2, I-E-3, and I-E-4)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Concentration (mg/kg) | Element | Concentration (mass%) |
---|---|---|---|
Pt | 1131 ± 11 | Al | 20 |
Pd | 233.2 ± 1.9 | Si | 18 |
Rh | 135.1 ± 1.9 | Mg | 6 |
Pb | 13,931 ± 97 | Fe | 1.5 |
Ce | 1.3 | ||
Ni | 0.5 | ||
Ba | 0.29 | ||
Ca | 0.2 | ||
La | 0.07 |
Preparation Conditions | Starting Materials | Calcination Temperature (°C) | Holding Time (h) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spent Autocatalyst (g) | Cordierite (g) | Li2CO3 (mg) | LiF (mg) | |||
I-A | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | - |
I-B | 1.0 | - | - | - | 800 | 3 |
I-C-1 1 | 1.0 | - | 100 | - | 800 | 3 |
I-C-2 | 1.0 | - | 75 | 25 | 800 | 3 |
I-C-3 | 1.0 | - | 50 | 50 | 800 | 3 |
I-C-4 | 1.0 | - | 25 | 75 | 800 | 3 |
I-C-5 | 1.0 | - | - | 100 | 800 | 3 |
I-D-1 | 1.0 | - | 100 | - | 600 | 3 |
I-D-2 | 1.0 | - | 100 | - | 700 | 3 |
I-D-3 1 | 1.0 | - | 100 | - | 800 | 3 |
I-D-4 | 1.0 | - | 100 | - | 900 | 3 |
I-E-1 | 1.0 | - | 100 | - | 800 | 0.5 |
I-E-2 | 1.0 | - | 100 | - | 800 | 1 |
I-E-3 | 1.0 | - | 100 | - | 800 | 2 |
I-E-4 1 | 1.0 | - | 100 | - | 800 | 3 |
II-A | - | 1.0 | - | - | 800 | 3 |
II-B | - | 1.0 | 500 | - | 800 | 3 |
II-C | - | 1.0 | - | 500 | 800 | 3 |
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Kuzuhara, S.; Ota, M.; Kasuya, R. Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Catalysts Using Lithium Salts and Hydrochloric Acid. Materials 2021, 14, 6843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226843
Kuzuhara S, Ota M, Kasuya R. Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Catalysts Using Lithium Salts and Hydrochloric Acid. Materials. 2021; 14(22):6843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226843
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuzuhara, Shunsuke, Mina Ota, and Ryo Kasuya. 2021. "Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Catalysts Using Lithium Salts and Hydrochloric Acid" Materials 14, no. 22: 6843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226843