Anisotropy of Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress in Additively Manufactured 316L Specimens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Experimental Methods
2.1. Selection and Preparation of the Specimens
2.2. Tensile Tests
2.3. Validation Experiment
3. Simulation Approach
3.1. General Details
3.2. Finite Element Model
4. Simulation Results
4.1. Simulation Results of Validation Problem
4.2. Residual Stress in Horizontal Specimen
4.3. Virtual Tensile Test of Vertical Specimen
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PBF Parameter | Values |
---|---|
Laser power | 113 W |
Laser spot diameter | 55 µm |
Hatch spacing | 80 µm |
Layer thickness | 20 µm |
Laser scan speed | 750 mm/s |
Gas speed (Ar) | 2.5 m/s |
Oxygen level | <0.3 at. % |
Pressure in chamber | 1 bar |
Spec. # | Young’s Modulus, GPa | YTS, MPa (0.2% Offset) | UTS, MPa | Elongation at Fracture, % | Reduction of Cross-Sectional Area at Fracture, % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
V_1 | 160 | 535 | 630 | 41 | 48 |
V_2 | 163 | 535 | 615 | 37 | 46 |
V_3 | 157 | 530 | 610 | 38 | 43 |
V_4 | 161 | 535 | 615 | 46 | 42 |
V_5 | 159 | 525 | 605 | 36 | 40 |
V_6 | 152 | 510 | 600 | 36 | 41 |
Average | 158.7 | 528.3 | 612.5 | 39.0 | 43.3 |
Standard deviation | 3.8 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 3.6 | 3.1 |
Spec. # | Young’s Modulus, GPa | YTS, MPa (0.2% Offset) | UTS, MPa | Elongation at Fracture, % | Reduction of Cross-Sectional Area at Fracture, % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H_0_1 | 200 | 630 | 725 | 32 | 58 |
H_0_2 | 198 | 615 | 710 | 31 | 55 |
H_0_3 | 201 | 610 | 705 | 30 | 56 |
H_0_4 | 185 | 610 | 705 | 30 | 54 |
Average | 196 | 616.2 | 711.2 | 30.8 | 55.8 |
Standard deviation | 7.4 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 0.8 | 1.7 |
Spec. # | Young’s Modulus, GPa | YTS, MPa 1234567 (0.2% Offset) | UTS, MPa | Elongation at Fracture, % | Reduction of Cross-Sectional Area at Fracture, % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H_90_1 | 199 | 615 | 705 | 29 | 52 |
H_90_2 | 211 | 620 | 705 | 30 | 58 |
H_90_3 | 188 | 605 | 695 | 28 | 56 |
H_90_4 | 198 | 610 | 700 | 28 | 49 |
Average | 199.0 | 612.5 | 701.3 | 28.8 | 53.7 |
Standard deviation | 9.4 | 6.5 | 4.8 | 0.8 | 4.3 |
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Fedorenko, A.; Fedulov, B.; Kuzminova, Y.; Evlashin, S.; Staroverov, O.; Tretyakov, M.; Lomakin, E.; Akhatov, I. Anisotropy of Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress in Additively Manufactured 316L Specimens. Materials 2021, 14, 7176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237176
Fedorenko A, Fedulov B, Kuzminova Y, Evlashin S, Staroverov O, Tretyakov M, Lomakin E, Akhatov I. Anisotropy of Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress in Additively Manufactured 316L Specimens. Materials. 2021; 14(23):7176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237176
Chicago/Turabian StyleFedorenko, Alexey, Boris Fedulov, Yulia Kuzminova, Stanislav Evlashin, Oleg Staroverov, Mikhail Tretyakov, Evgeny Lomakin, and Iskander Akhatov. 2021. "Anisotropy of Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress in Additively Manufactured 316L Specimens" Materials 14, no. 23: 7176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237176