Environmental Impact on VOCs Emission of a Recycled Asphalt Mixture with a High Percentage of RAP
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Rheological Properties Test
2.4. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Test
2.5. Servicing Performance Test
2.6. Asphalt VOCs Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Mixed Recycled Asphalt Binder
3.1.1. Performance Evaluation
3.1.2. Chemical Structure Analysis
3.1.3. VOCs Emission Assessment
3.2. Effect of Recycled Asphalt Mixture with High Percentage of RAP
3.2.1. Performance Evaluation
3.2.2. VOCs Emission Assessment
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The rheological properties of the mixed recycled asphalt binder are found to be between those of the virgin SBS asphalt and RAP binder and they gradually deteriorated with the increase of content of the RAP binder. Especially when the RAP binder content reaches 80%, the relative performance approaches that of the extracted RAP binder.
- (2)
- The addition of a high percentage of RAP aggregate will not affect the volume performance of recycled asphalt mixture. Although the water damage resistance, high temperature stability, low temperature cracking resistance and fatigue cracking resistance demonstrate a downward trend with the increase of RAP aggregate, the road performance still meets the construction requirements.
- (3)
- In addition to the change of the relative content of specific functional groups, the addition of RAP will not introduce new substances. There exists an internal relationship between chemical composition and VOCs release behavior with the variation of recycled asphalt binder content. The increase of the RAP binder mainly affects the release of ALH and O-HYD, which account for more than 80% of the total VOCs release.
- (4)
- The recycled asphalt mixture with a high RAP content has an obvious emission reduction effect on VOCs. When the content of RAP aggregate is 50%, the VOCs emission can be decreased by 50.30% during the mixing stage compared with the asphalt mixture without RAP. The VOCs emission reduction can be up to 94.82% if the content of RAP aggregates increases to 70%. Maximizing the utilization of RAP can not only make the use of raw materials sustainable, but also is an effective method to enhance environmental protection.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Binder Type | Penetration 25 °C (0.1 mm) | Softening Point (°C) | Ductility 50 mm/min, 5 °C (cm) |
---|---|---|---|
SBS asphalt | 68 | 56 | 48.6 |
RAP binder | 45 | 73 | 18.7 |
Test Method | ASTM D5 | ASTM D36 | ASTM D113 |
RAP Ratio (%) | Porosity (%) | Residual Stability (%) | Tensile Strength Ratio (%) | Dynamic Stability (Frequency/mm) | Bending Strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
50 | 4.01 | 94.6 | 93.4 | 4228 | 15.5 |
60 | 4.08 | 93.2 | 89.3 | 4437 | 13.4 |
70 | 3.91 | 89.4 | 84.2 | 4701 | 11.2 |
Specification requirements | ≤5% | ≥85 | ≥80 | ≥2400 | - |
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Wei, M.; Wu, S.; Zhu, L.; Li, N.; Yang, C. Environmental Impact on VOCs Emission of a Recycled Asphalt Mixture with a High Percentage of RAP. Materials 2021, 14, 947. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14040947
Wei M, Wu S, Zhu L, Li N, Yang C. Environmental Impact on VOCs Emission of a Recycled Asphalt Mixture with a High Percentage of RAP. Materials. 2021; 14(4):947. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14040947
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei, Minghua, Shaopeng Wu, Lei Zhu, Na Li, and Chao Yang. 2021. "Environmental Impact on VOCs Emission of a Recycled Asphalt Mixture with a High Percentage of RAP" Materials 14, no. 4: 947. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14040947