Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using a High Specific Surface Area Porous Carbon Derived from Soybean Dreg
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Porous Carbon Materials
2.3. Characterization of Porous Carbon Materials
2.4. Adsorption of Organic Dyes
2.5. Study on Adsorption Kinetics and Thermodynamics
2.6. Adsorption Capacities of Single Dye and Mixed Dyes on SDB-6-K
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of the As-Prepared Samples
3.1.1. Porous Characterization and Element Analysis
3.1.2. Microstructure and Morphology Analysis
3.1.3. The Phase Composition and Crystal Structure Analysis
3.2. Study of Adsorption Performance of Organic Dyes
3.2.1. Adsorption Kinetics Study
3.2.2. Adsorption Isotherms Study
3.2.3. Adsorption Thermodynamics Study
3.2.4. Adsorption Performances of Single Dye and Mixed Dyes on SDB-6-K
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Specific Surface Area (m2 g−1) | Pore Volume (cm3 g−1) | Average Pore Diameter (nm) |
---|---|---|---|
SDB-5-K | 2611 | 2.206 | 3.378 |
SDB-6-K | 2786 | 2.316 | 3.326 |
SDB-7-K | 2604 | 1.465 | 2.339 |
SDB-8-K | 2505 | 1.263 | 1.941 |
AC | 1502 | 1.373 | 3.665 |
SD | 7.130 | 0.011 | 6.110 |
Sample | Yield (%) | C (%) | O (%) | H (%) | N (%) | S (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SDB-5-K | 11.04% | 91.96 | 6.40 | 1.149 | 0.335 | 0.317 |
SDB-6-K | 12.09% | 91.80 | 7.26 | 1.072 | 0.371 | 0.424 |
SDB-7-K | 12.03% | 91.14 | 7.58 | 0.842 | 0.351 | 0.272 |
SDB-8-K | 11.89% | 90.44 | 8.56 | 0.688 | 0.317 | 0.227 |
Sample | C0 (mg L−1) | qe, Experiment (mg g−1) | Pseudo-First-Order | Pseudo-Second-Order | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qe, Calculated (mg g−1) | k1 (min−1) | R2 | qe, Calculated (mg g−1) | k2 (g mg−1 min−1) | R2 | |||
SBD-6-K | 1000 | 999.7 | 0.158 | 0.0430 | 0.9563 | 1000 | 0.9820 | 1.00 |
2000 | 1982 | 79.17 | 0.0537 | 0.8837 | 1985 | 0.0028 | 1.00 | |
3000 | 2538 | 65.91 | 0.0361 | 0.7103 | 2540 | 0.0014 | 1.00 |
Sample | T/K | Langmuir | Freundlich | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qm (mg g−1) | KL (L mg−1) | R2 | nF | KF | R2 | ||
SDB-6-K | 298 | 2488 | 0.39 | 0.9994 | 16.95 | 1746 | 0.8493 |
308 | 2595 | 0.37 | 0.9999 | 13.67 | 1678 | 0.8866 | |
318 | 2639 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 11.65 | 1672 | 0.9121 |
T | ΔG (kJ mol−1) | ΔH (kJ mol−1) | ΔS (J K−1 mol−1) |
---|---|---|---|
298 | −4.0314 | 15.7828 | 66.4906 |
308 | −4.6963 | ||
318 | −5.3612 |
Adsorbent | BET (m2 g−1) | qmax (mg g−1) | qmax/BET (mg m−2) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Banana peel | 2086 | 385.12 | 0.185 | [42] |
Bean dreg | 1738.95 | 434.78 | 0.250 | [43] |
Seaweed | 926.39 | 512.67 | 0.553 | [44] |
Coffee grounds | 1910 | 653.6 | 0.342 | [11] |
Coconut shells | 876.14 | 200 | 0.228 | [45] |
Bamboo | 1896 | 454.20 | 0.240 | [46] |
Rattan | 1135 | 359 | 0.316 | [47] |
Fish scales | 1867.67 | 184.40 | 0.099 | [48] |
Soybean dreg | 2786 | 2636 | 0.946 | This study |
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Ying, Z.; Huang, L.; Ji, L.; Li, H.; Liu, X.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, J.; Yi, G. Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using a High Specific Surface Area Porous Carbon Derived from Soybean Dreg. Materials 2021, 14, 1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071754
Ying Z, Huang L, Ji L, Li H, Liu X, Zhang C, Zhang J, Yi G. Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using a High Specific Surface Area Porous Carbon Derived from Soybean Dreg. Materials. 2021; 14(7):1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071754
Chicago/Turabian StyleYing, Zhiwei, Lu Huang, Lili Ji, He Li, Xinqi Liu, Chi Zhang, Jian Zhang, and Guofu Yi. 2021. "Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using a High Specific Surface Area Porous Carbon Derived from Soybean Dreg" Materials 14, no. 7: 1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071754