Study on the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Fly Ash and Slag under the Different Silicate Structure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Binder Materials
2.1.2. Alkaline Activators
2.2. Experimental Method
2.2.1. Properties of Alkaline Activators
Liquid-State 29Si NMR
Liquid-State FTIR
Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) of Alkaline Activator Solution
Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) of Alkaline Activators Solution
2.2.2. Preparation and Properties of Geopolymer Pastes
Preparation of Geopolymer Pastes
Curing Conditions
2.2.3. Properties of Hardened Geopolymer Pastes
2.2.4. Microstructure
SEM
XPS
2.2.5. Selective Dissolution
3. Results
3.1. Inluence of Ms on the Properties of Waterglass
3.1.1. Composition of Waterglass with Different Ms
3.1.2. Properties of Waterglass with Different Ms
3.2. Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Hardened Pastes with Different Ms
3.3. Development of Amorphous Gel with the Different Ms
SEM-EDS
3.4. Relationship Between Waterglass Properties, Gel Content and Compressive Strength
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- With decreasing Ms, branched and agglomerated coordination unit groups of silicon were destroyed with the formation of Si-ONa+ and the electric charge effect of Na+, which produces the linear and circular-chain silicon structures with lower sizes and molecule weight in the Ms = 1.5 waterglass activator.
- With decreasing Ms, the compressive strength of geopolymer hardened pastes significantly increases. The highest value 58.9 MPa was obtained for Ms = 1.5 after the 28 days curing.
- The waterglass with low Ms (Ms = 1.5) results in the linear and circular-chain silicon structures with the lower size and molecule weight, which improve the chances of contact of active component, resulting in the improvement in the formation of the gel structure with low Si/Al ratio and size. This could be the major reason for the highest compressive strength of hardened pastes.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemical Composition/wt % | Fineness/μm | Density/gcm−3 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CaO | SiO2 | Al2O3 | MgO | Fe2O3 | SO3 | Na2O | K2O | LOI | |||
FA | 5.17 | 43.57 | 38.36 | 0.61 | 5.39 | 0.99 | 0.53 | 0.81 | 2.73 | 10.3 | 2.20 |
BFS | 40.72 | 24.96 | 12.84 | 0.94 | 0.53 | 1.858 | 0.94 | 0.34 | 4.63 | 11.2 | 1.96 |
Waterglass/wt% | Sodium Hydroxide/wt% | Ms | |
---|---|---|---|
AA-1 | 100 | 0 | 2.5 |
AA-2 | 95.24 | 4.76 | 2.0 |
AA-3 | 85.42 | 14.58 | 1.5 |
Mix | Mass Ratio | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Binder | W/B | Alkaline Activators | |||
FA | BFS | Ms a | Content b | ||
A-1# | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.45 | 2.5 | 30% |
A-2# | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.45 | 2.0 | 30% |
A-3# | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.45 | 1.5 | 30% |
Postioion | O/wt% | Na/wt% | Si/wt% | Al/wt% | Ca/wt% | Si/Al | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A-1 | 1 | 63.22 | 25.72 | 11.06 | / | / | / |
2 | 62.13 | 26.71 | 11.16 | / | / | / | |
3 | 58.80 | 26.90 | 14.30 | / | / | / | |
4 | 71.88 | 8.02 | 14.32 | 2.06 | 3.72 | 6.75 | |
5 | 70.05 | 8.82 | 14.41 | 2.11 | 3.61 | 6.59 | |
6 | 70.29 | 8.16 | 15.06 | 2.16 | 3.88 | 6.72 | |
A-2 | 1 | 61.71 | 25.87 | 12.43 | / | / | / |
2 | 63.40 | 26.06 | 10.54 | / | / | / | |
3 | 61.83 | 27.41 | 10.76 | / | / | / | |
4 | 68.13 | 9.14 | 14.35 | 3.25 | 5.13 | 4.25 | |
5 | 68.59 | 8.82 | 13.82 | 3.29 | 5.37 | 4.05 | |
6 | 68.35 | 9.05 | 14.20 | 3.30 | 5.10 | 4.15 | |
A-3 | 1 | 69.91 | 10.34 | 11.23 | 4.45 | 4.08 | 2.43 |
2 | 71.89 | 9.27 | 10.15 | 3.38 | 5.32 | 2.89 | |
3 | 72.06 | 10.01 | 9.93 | 3.28 | 4.73 | 2.91 | |
4 | 69.33 | 10.25 | 12.06 | 3.37 | 5.00 | 3.45 | |
5 | 70.73 | 12.27 | 10.34 | 2.73 | 3.93 | 3.65 |
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Wang, Z.; Rehemituli, R.; Zhang, X. Study on the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Fly Ash and Slag under the Different Silicate Structure. Materials 2021, 14, 2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092227
Wang Z, Rehemituli R, Zhang X. Study on the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Fly Ash and Slag under the Different Silicate Structure. Materials. 2021; 14(9):2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092227
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Zhipu, Rezeye Rehemituli, and Xiaolei Zhang. 2021. "Study on the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Fly Ash and Slag under the Different Silicate Structure" Materials 14, no. 9: 2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092227